Wa muherezi mukuru yacira Yezu urwo gupfa

MURI Munyonyo 1990, hari abagabo bariko bakorera mw’iparike no kw’ibarabara rireha hafi n’ikilometero kimwe, mu Bumanuko bw’Igisagara ca Kera c’i Yeruzalemu. Hinge rero baze babona imashini bariko bakoresha isambuye igisenge c’isenga ryari ryahoze rihambwamwo abantu. Akarere gakikuje aho hantu, kahora gakoreshwa nk’itongo ry’abapfuye guhera mu kinjana ca mbere B.G.C. gushika mu kinjana ca mbere G.C. Muri iryo senga, hari ikintu gishimishije rwose abacukuzi b’ivya kera basanzeyo.

Iryo senga ryarimwo amasandugu 12 yari abitswemwo amagufa y’abantu bapfuye. Abo bantu bari babanje gushirwa mu mva, imibiri yabo irabora, maze haciye hafi nk’umwaka amagufa yabo aca yimurirwa muri ayo masandugu. Rimwe muri ayo masandugu yari abitswemwo ayo magufa ryari ribajwe neza bimwe vy’akaroruhore, rikaba ari rimwe mu masandugu meza kuruta ayandi yose nk’ayo amaze kwuburwa. Ku ruhande rumwe rw’iryo sandugu, hari handitsweko ngo Yehosef bar Caiapha (bisobanura ngo Yozefu umuhungu wa Kayafa).

Ibimenyamenya bisa n’ivyerekana yuko aho hoshobora kuba ari ho hahambwe wa muherezi mukuru yahagarikira urubanza ruhambaye kuruta izindi zose zigeze gucibwa, urwo na rwo rukaba ari rwa rubanza rwa Yezu Kirisitu. Umutohozakahise w’Umuyuda Josèphe avuga ko uwo muherezi mukuru yari “Yozefu, uwitwa Kayafa”. Mu Vyanditswe, yitwa gusa Kayafa. Ni kubera iki none tworondera kumenya ibimwerekeye? Ni igiki catumye acira Yezu urwo gupfa?

Ivy’umuryango wiwe be n’ivy’ubuzima bwiwe

Kayafa yatwaye umukobwa wa Anasi, uwo na we nyene akaba yari yarigeze kuba umuherezi mukuru (Yohana 18:13). Uwo mubano ushobora kuba wategekanijwe imyaka n’iyindi imbere y’uko ubugeni buba, kubera ko iyo miryango yompi ishobora kuba yaripfuza kwiyemeza neza yuko hari urunani nyarwo hagati yayo. Ivyo vyasaba ko basuzuma neza amamuko yabo kugira ngo biyemeze yuko bakomoka neza na neza ku miryango y’abaherezi. Iyo miryango yompi bisa n’uko yari imiryango itunze cane kandi ikomakomeye, ikaba kumbure yakura ubutunzi bwayo mu matongo manini cane yari ifise mu karere ka Yeruzalemu. Nta gukeka ko Anasi yipfuza kwiyemeza neza yuko uwo yohavuye amubera umukwe yobaye umuntu wo kwizigirwa banama rimwe mu vya politike. Biboneka yuko Anasi na Kayafa bompi bari abo muri ka kagwi kari gakomeye k’Abasadukayo.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 5:17.

Narirya Kayafa yari uwo mu muryango ukomeye wakomokamwo abaherezi, ashobora kuba yarize Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo be n’uburyo vyasigurwa. Ashobora kuba yatanguye gukorera ku rusengero afise imyaka 20, ariko nta wuzi imyaka yari afise igihe yaba umuherezi mukuru.

Abaherezi bakuru be n’abakuru b’abaherezi

Mu ntango, abagenda baba abaherezi bakuru bakomoka mu muryango umwe, kandi umuntu yaguma ari umuherezi mukuru gushika apfuye. Ariko mu kinjana ca kabiri B.G.C., aba Asimoni barigaruriye ubuherezi bukurua. Herodi Mukuru yaragena abaherezi bakuru akongera akabakura mu mabanga, gutyo akaba yerekanye neza yuko ari we mutegetsi vy’ukuri agena abantu muri ayo mabanga. Ba buramatari b’Abaroma batwara i Yudaya, na bo nyene baragena abaherezi bakuru.

Ukwo kugena abaherezi bakuru kwahavuye gutuma haba umugwi w’abo Ivyanditswe vyita “abakuru b’abaherezi” (Matayo 26:3, 4, NW). Uretse Kayafa, uwo mugwi warimwo kandi abari bahoze ari abaherezi bakuru, nk’akarorero Anasi, uwari yarakuwe mu mabanga y’ubuherezi bukuru mugabo akagumana izina ry’icubahiro ry’umuherezi mukuru. Uwo mugwi warimwo kandi n’incuti za hafi z’uwari umuherezi mukuru be n’iz’abahoze ari abaherezi bakuru.

Abaroma barareka abakuru b’Abayuda, ushizemwo n’abakuru b’abaherezi, ngo babe ari bo batwara i Yudaya kugira bitwararike ibijanye n’ibibazo bisanzwe vya misi yose. Ivyo vyatuma Leta y’Uburoma iganza iyo ntara ikaguma kandi ironka amahera y’amakori ava muri iyo ntara hatiriwe hararungikwayo abasoda benshi. Leta y’Uburoma yitega ko abakuru b’Abayuda bitaho ivy’uko iyo ntara iguma itekanye bakongera bagaharanira inyungu zayo. Ba buramatari b’Abaroma ntibakunda indongozi z’Abayuda, kandi n’izo ndongozi ntizakunda gutegekwa n’Abaroma. Yamara, iyo basenyeye ku mugozi umwe kugira habe intwaro itekanye, yaba ari ku nyungu yabo bompi.

Mu gihe ca Kayafa, umuherezi mukuru yaba ari we ndongozi y’Abayuda mu vya politike. Anasi yagenywe mu mabanga y’ubuherezi bukuru n’uwitwa Kureniyo mu mwaka wa 6 canke wa 7 G.C. Uwo Kureniyo yari buramatari w’Umuroma yatwara Siriya. Inkuru mpererekano z’Abarabi zerekana yuko umwina, aka mwana wa mama, agahahazo, be n’ubukazi ari vyo vyaranga imiryango ihambaye y’Abayuda yari igizwe n’abantu bakomakomeye. Umwanditsi umwe yiyumvira yuko Anasi, bwa muherezi mukuru, ashobora kuba yarakoze uko ashoboye kwose ngo umukwe wiwe “agende araduzwa igiti ningoga na ningoga mu bakuru b’urusengero; nakare, uko Kayafa yorushirije kugira ikibanza kiri hejuru, ni ko yorushirije kuba kirumara kuri Anasi”.

Buramatari w’i Yudaya yitwa Valerius Gratus, ni we yakuye Anasi mu mabanga yiwe nko mu mwaka wa 15 G.C. Hari abandi batatu, ushizemwo n’umwe mu bahungu ba Anasi, babaye abaherezi bakuru, ariko bagenda bamara igihe gito muri ayo mabanga. Kayafa yabaye umuherezi mukuru nko mu mwaka wa 18 G.C. Ponsiyo Pilato, uwagenywe kuba buramatari w’i Yudaya mu 26 G.C., yaramugumije muri ayo mabanga mu kiringo cose c’imyaka cumi yamaze ari buramatari. Mu myaka Kayafa yamaze ari umuherezi mukuru harimwo n’ikiringo c’ubusuku bwa Yezu be n’igikorwa co kwamamaza abigishwa biwe baranguye mu ntango. Yamara, Kayafa ntiyerekwa na gato ubutumwa abakirisu bamamaza.

Baratinya Yezu bagatinya n’Uburoma

Kayafa yabona ko Yezu ari umuntu atera umudugararo. Yezu ntiyashigikiye ukuntu abakuru b’Abayuda basigura ivyagezwe bijanye n’Isabato, kandi yarahindiye hanze y’urusengero abadandaza be n’abavunja amahera, ababwira yuko urusengero bari bararuhinduye “isenga ry’abambuzi” (Luka 19:45, 46). Abatohozakahise bamwebamwe biyumvira yuko utwo tuguriro two mu rusengero twegukira umuryango wa Anasi, iyo ikaba kumbure ari iyindi mvo yatuma Kayafa agerageza kunumya Yezu. Igihe abakuru b’abaherezi barungika abagendanyi gufata Yezu, abo bagendanyi barajorejwe n’amajambo yiwe ku buryo basubiye inyuma imbokoboko.​—Yohana 2:13-17; 5:1-16; 7:14-49.

Rimbura ivyabaye igihe abakuru b’Abayuda bumva ko Yezu yazuye Lazaro. Injili ya Yohani yigana iti: “[“Abakuru b’abaherezi”, NW] n’Abafarisayo bakoranya abanyekombe, barababaza, bati Mbega, tugire dute? K’uyu muntu akora ibimenyetso vyinshi. Ni twamurekeraho durtyo, bose bazohava bamwizera, kand’Abaroma bazoza batikize igisagara cacu n’ubgoko bgacu” (Yohana 11:47, 48). Abanyekombe babona ko Yezu ari umuntu ageramiye ubutegetsi bw’abakuru b’idini be n’uko ashobora gutera umudugararo, ivyo Pilato akaba ari bo yobibajije. Akagwi kose Abaroma bashobora kubona ko ari akagwi k’abagumutsi koshoboye gutuma binjira mu vy’Abayuda, ivyo Abanyekombe bakaba bari biyemeje kubibuza ngo ntibishike, naho vyari gusaba iki.

Naho Kayafa atashobora guhakana ko Yezu yakora ibikorwa vy’ububasha, ntiyamwizeye. Ahubwo riho, yarondeye kugumana icubahiro be n’ubukuru yari afise. Wibaza ko Kayafa yari gushobora kwemera izuka rya Lazaro? Kubera ko yari Umusadukayo, uca ubona ko izuka ataryemera na gato!​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 23:8.

Ububi bwa Kayafa bwagiye kuja ahabona igihe yabwira abategetsi bagenziwe ati: “Nta co mwiyumvira yukw ar’ibibereye kubganyu k’umuntu umwe apfira abantu, hak’ubgoko bgose buhona”. Iyo nkuru ibandanya iti: “Ivyo ntiyabivuze avyigeneye, ariko, kuko yar’umuherezi mukuru mur’uwo mwaka, yavugishijwe ko Yesu agira apfire ubgo bgoko; kandi s’ubgo bgoko bgonyene, ariko ngw abana b’Imana bose bari basanzaye, abakoranirize hamwe. Nuko bahēra uwo musi baja inama yo [kwica Yezu]”.​—Yohana 11:49-53.

Kayafa ntiyari azi insobanuro igera kure y’ayo majambo yavuze. Ku bw’ibanga yari afise ry’umuherezi mukuru, yaravuze ubuhanuzib. Urupfu rwa Yezu ntirwogiriye akamaro Abayuda bonyene. Inkuka y’incungu yotanze yotumye umuryango w’abantu wose ushobora kubohorwa mu caha n’urupfu.

Baja inama yo kumwica

Abakuru b’abaherezi b’Abayuda be n’abagabo b’inararibonye b’Abayuda barakoraniye kwa Kayafa kugira baje inama y’ukuntu bofata Yezu ngo bamwice. Uwo muherezi mukuru ashobora kuba yaragize uruhara mu guciranira na Yuda Isikariyoti igitigiri c’amahera yohabwa kugira agurishe Yezu (Matayo 26:3, 4, 14, 15). Ariko rero, kwica uwo muntu umwe ntivyari bihagije kugira ngo Kayafa abone gushika ku migambi yiwe y’ububisha. “[“Abakuru b’abaherezi”, NW] [baciye] baja inama yo kwica Lazaro na we, kuko kubgiwe Abayuda benshi . . . [bariko b]izera Yesu”.​—Yohana 12:10, 11.

Umushumba wa Kayafa yitwa Malikusi yari muri ka kagwi karungikwa gufata Yezu. Bamaze kumufata, yabanje kujanwa kwa Anasi kugira abazwe ibibazo, hanyuma ajanwa kwa Kayafa, uwari yamaze gukoranya abagabo b’inararibonye b’Abayuda kugira bace urubanza mw’ijoro kandi vyari biteye kubiri n’amategeko.​—Matayo 26:57; Yohana 18:10, 13, 19-24.

Naho abagirije ibinyoma Yezu batashoboye guhuza mu vyo bavuga, ivyo ntivyatumye Kayafa ata hasi. Uwo muherezi mukuru yari azi ukuntu abo bari bahuje inama yo kugira nabi babona uwo wese yiyita Mesiya. Yaciye rero abaza Yezu nimba avuga yuko ari Mesiya. Yezu yishuye mu kuvuga yuko abariko bamwagiriza bomubonye “yicaye i buryo bg’Ububasha, aje mu bicu vyo kw ijuru”. Mu kwiyerekana yuko ari umuntu yubaha Imana rwose, “umuherezi mukuru [yaciye] yitantamurirakw impuzu ziwe, at’Ararogose; turacaronderera iki ivyabona?”. Abanyekombe bose baciye bemeranya ko Yezu akwiye gupfa.​—Matayo 26:64-66.

Muko umuntu yicwa, vyabanza kwemezwa n’Abaroma. Kubera ko Kayafa yari umuhuza hagati y’Abaroma n’Abayuda, ashobora kuba ari we yagiye gushikiriza ico kibazo Pilato. Igihe Pilato yarondera kurekura Yezu, Kayafa ashobora kuba yari mu bakuru b’abaherezi baciye basemerera bati: “Mumanike! Mumanike!” (Yohana 19:4-6, NW). Kayafa ashobora kuba yarahimirije isinzi ry’abari ng’aho ngo basabe ko umwicanyi arekurwa aho kurekura Yezu, agashobora kandi kuba yari muri ba bakuru b’abaherezi bavuze izuba riva n’uburyarya n’akantu bati: “Nta mwami dufise, atari Kayisari”.​—Yohana 19:15; Mariko 15:7-11.

Kayafa yaranse kwemera ibimenyamenya vyemeza izuka rya Yezu. Yararwanije Petero na Yohani, mu nyuma na ho arwanya Sitefano. N’ikindi kandi, Kayafa yarahaye Sauli uruhusha rwo gufata abakirisu bose yoshoboye gusanga i Damasiko (Matayo 28:11-13; Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 4:1-17; 6:8–7:60; 9:1, 2). Ariko rero, nko mu 36 G.C., Kayafa yarakuwe mu mabanga y’ubuherezi bukuru na buramatari w’Umuroma yitwa Vitellius yatwara Siriya.

Mu vyandikano vy’Abayuda, umuryango wa Kayafa uvugwa nabi. Nk’akarorero, igitabu citwa Talimudi y’i Babiloni kiravuga amajambo yo gucura intimba agira ati: “Ewe jewe ndagowe kubera inzu ya Hanin [ari we Anasi], ewe jewe ndagowe kubera ubwongoshwe bwabo”, canke “ukurementanya” kwabo. Ayo majambo yo gucura intimba yiyumvirwa ko yerekeza ku “tunama two gufata ingingo z’agahotoro twabera mu kinyegero”.

Icigwa twigira ku buzima bwa Kayafa

Incabwenge imwe yavuze yuko abaherezi bakuru bari abagabo “bagoye, b’uruyeri kandi bafise ubuhanga, bakaba kumbure bari n’abanyabwibone”. Ubwibone ni bwo bwatumye Kayafa yanka kwemera Mesiya. Ntidukwiye rero kuvunika inkokora igihe abantu muri iki gihe banse kwakira ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya. Hari bamwebamwe usanga ukuri kwo mu Vyanditswe kutabashimisha rwose ku buryo boheba inyigisho bemera kandi bikundira. Hari n’abandi bashobora kubona ko gucika abamamaji b’inkuru nziza baciye bugufi kwoba ari ukwisuzuguza. Vyongeye, abantu batari inzirabugunge kandi b’umwina usanga baterekwa ingingo mfatirwako abakirisu bisunga.

Kubera ko Kayafa yari umuherezi mukuru, yari gushobora gufasha Abayuda bagenziwe kwemera Mesiya, ariko uguhahamira ububasha kwiwe kwatumye acira Yezu urwo gupfa. Kayafa ashobora kuba yarabandanije kurwanya ivya Mesiya gushika umusi uwo Kayafa yashirwa mu mva. Inkuru ivuga inyifato yiwe irerekana yuko iyo dupfuye tudasiga amagufa yacu gusa. Biciye ku vyo dukora, turihesha ku Mana izina rigumaho igihe kirekire, haba ari kubera ivyiza twakoze canke ibibi.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

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Yozefu umuhungu wa Kayafa

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Isandugu ryabikwamwo amagufa ryubuwe muri iyi myaka ya vuba

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 10]

Isandugu ryabikwamwo amagufa, amajambo aharangatuwe, be n’isenga riboneka inyuma: Tubikesha Israel Antiquities Authority