Ingene ubukirisu bwashitse muri Aziya Ntoya

MU KINJANA ca mbere mu gihe cacu, amashengero menshi ya gikirisu yarashinzwe muri Aziya Ntoya (aho hakaba ari canecane muri Turukiya yo muri iki gihe). Benshi cane mu Bayuda no mu batari Abayuda barakiriye ubutumwa abakirisu bamamaza. Inyizamvugo imwe y’ivya Bibiliya ivuga iti: “Uretse mu karere kakukira Siriya na Palesitina, muri Aziya Ntoya ni ho handi hantu ubukirisu bwatanguye kugira iterambere rinini kuruta ahandi”.

Turashobora kubona neza kuruta ukuntu ubukirisu bwakwiragiye muri iyo ntara mu gutororokaniriza hamwe amakuru dukura ahantu hatandukanye. Reka turabe ukuntu dushobora kwungukira ku kwihweza amakuru dufise.

Abakirisu ba mbere muri Aziya Ntoya

Ikintu ca mbere gihambaye catumye ubukirisu bukwiragira muri Aziya Ntoya ni icabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C., igihe isinzi ry’abantu bavuga indimi nyinshi zitandukanye, ushizemwo n’Abayuda baba mu mahanga (ni ukuvuga, bataba muri Palesitina) be n’abantu bari barahindukiriye idini ry’Abayuda bari bakoraniye i Yeruzalemu. Intumwa za Yezu zarabwiye inkuru nziza abo bashitsi. Inkuru yo muri kahise ivuga yuko benshi muri abo bari baje bavuye i Kapadosi, i Ponto, mu ntara ya Aziyaa, i Firijiya be n’i Pamfiliya, utwo tukaba ari uturere twari tugize igice kinini ca Aziya Ntoya. Hafi abantu 3.000 bari aho baremeye ubutumwa bwa gikirisu maze barabatizwa. Aho basubiriye mu mihana yabo, bagiye bajanye ukwo kwizera gushasha bari baronse.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 2:5-11, 41.

Ayandi makuru tuyasanga mu nkuru ya Bibiliya yigana ingendo z’ubumisiyonari Paulo yagize muri Aziya Ntoya. Mu gihe c’urugendo rwa mbere Paulo yagize nko mu 47 ushira 48 G.C., we n’abo bari kumwe bafatiye ubwato i Shipure, bagenda berekeza muri Aziya Ntoya, bashika i Peruga muri Pamfiliya. Kuba bararoraniwe mu gikorwa cabo co kwamamaza mu gisagara ca Antiyokiya, icari hagati mu ntara ya Pisidiya, vyatumye Abayuda babagirira ishari bongera barabarwanya. Igihe Paulo yagenda mu Bumanuko bushira Ubuseruko yerekeza muri Ikoniyo, hari abandi Bayuda bagiye inama yo gufata nabi abo bamisiyonari. Abantu bo hafi y’i Lisitira bari bakozwe ku mutima batanguye kuvuga ko Paulo ari imana. Ariko, aho Abayuda baturuka i Antiyokiya no muri Ikoniyo barwanya abo bamisiyonari bashikiye, isinzi ry’abantu bo ngaho baciye batera amabuye Paulo bamusiga ari intere. Inyuma y’ivyo, Paulo na Barunaba baciye babandaniriza urugendo rwabo i Derube mu ntara Abaroma bakoreramwo ivya politike yitwa Galatiya, ako kakaba kari akarere kabamwo abantu bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyalukawoniya. Amashengero yaratunganijwe, haragenwa n’abakurambere. Urashobora kubona rero ko haciye nk’imyaka 15 Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C. ibaye, ubukirisu bwari bumaze gutsimbatara neza muri Aziya Ntoya.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 13:13–14:26.

Mu gihe c’urugendo rwa kabiri Paulo yagize nko mu 49 gushika mu 52 G.C., we n’abo bari kumwe batanguye guca i musozi bagenda berekeza i Lisitira, bikaba bishoboka ko baciye mu karere yavukiyemwo k’i Taruso muri Silisiya. Paulo ahejeje gusubira kugendera abavukanyi b’i Lisitira maze akagenda yerekeza mu Buraruko, yaragerageje “kuvuga ijambo” mu ntara ya Bitiniya n’iya Aziya. Ariko rero, impwemu nyeranda ntiyabimukundiye. Utwo turere twobwiwe inkuru nziza mu nyuma. Ahubwo riho, Imana yarayoboye Paulo amaja mu duce two mu Buraruko bushira Uburengero bwo muri Aziya Ntoya ashika i Tirowa ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Mu nyuma, biciye ku vyo Paulo yeretswe mu ndoto, yarayobowe kuja kuvuga inkuru nziza i Buraya.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 16:1-12; 22:3.

Mu gihe c’urugendo rwa gatatu Paulo yagize nko mu 52 gushika mu 56 G.C., yarasubiye kandi guca muri Aziya Ntoya, ashika i Efeso, ico kikaba cari igisagara co muri Aziya gikomeye cari ku nkengera gifise ikivuko. Yari yigeze kumara imisi aho i Efeso igihe yari avuye mu rugendo rwiwe rwa kabiri. Ico gisagara carimwo umugwi w’abakirisu bakorana umwete, kandi Paulo na bagenziwe baramaze imyaka nk’itatu bifatanya n’uwo mugwi. Ico kiringo caranzwe n’ingorane be n’ingeramizi zitari nke, imwe muri izo ikaba yari intureka yatewe n’abacuzi b’ifeza b’i Efeso barondera kurwanira urudandaza rwabo rwo mu vy’idini rwinjiza cane.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 18:19-26; 19:1, 8-41; 20:31.

Biragaragara ko igikorwa c’ubumisiyonari bakoreye i Efeso cagize ico gikoze ku rugero rukomeye. Mu Vyakozwe n’intumwa 19:10 hagira hati: “Ababa muri Asiya bose bumva ijambo ry’Umwami wacu, Abayuda n’Abagiriki”.

Ingene habaye iterambere muri Aziya Ntoya

Hasigaye igihe gito ngo Paulo ave muri Efeso, yarandikiye Abanyakorinto ati: “Abo mu mashengero yo muri Asiya barabaganūtsa” (1 Ab’i Korinto 16:19). Ni amashengero ayahe Paulo yari afise ku muzirikanyi? Ashobora kuba yari afise ku muzirikanyi n’ishengero ry’i Kolosayi, iry’ i Lawodiseya, be n’iry’i Hiyerapoli (Ab’i Kolosayi 4:12-16). Igitabu kimwe (Paul​—His Story) kivuga giti: “Bisa n’uko vyumvikana kuvuga yuko ishingwa ry’amashengero ya Simirina, Perugamo, Sarudi na Filadelufiya ryavuye ku kigoro abamisiyonari bagize igihe bari i Efeso. . . . Ayo [mashengero] yose yari agize akarere kari gakikuje Efeso kagenda kagashika ku bilometero 192 uvuye hagati na hagati y’aho i Efeso, vyongeye akaba yahuzwa n’amabarabara ateye igomwe”.

Gutyo, haciye nk’imyaka 20 Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C. ibaye, amashengero ya gikirisu atari make yari amaze gushingwa mu Bumanuko no mu Burengero bwa Aziya Ntoya. Tuvuge iki ku bijanye n’ibindi bice vyo muri ako karere?

Amashengero yaronse amakete ya Petero

Haciye imyaka mikeyi, nko guhera mu 62 gushika mu 64 G.C., intumwa Petero yaranditse ikete ryiwe rya mbere ryahumetswe. Iryo kete yaryandikiye abakirisu b’i Ponto, b’i Galatiya, b’i Kapadosi, abo muri Aziya, n’ab’i Bitiniya. Iryo kete rya Petero ryerekana yuko muri utwo turere hashobora kuba hari amashengero ya gikirisu, abakurambere bayo na bo bakaremeshwa ‘kuragira ubusho’. None ayo mashengero yari yashinzwe ryari?​—1 Petero 1:1; 5:1-3.

Tumwe mu turere abaronse amakete ya Petero babamwo, nka Aziya na Galatiya, twari twarabwiwe inkuru nziza na Paulo. Mugabo, ntiyari yarashitse i Kapadosi canke i Bitiniya. Bibiliya ntitubwira ingene ubukirisu bwakwiragiye muri utwo turere, ariko bishobora kuba vyavuye ku Bayuda canke ku bari barahindukiriye idini ry’Abayuda, abari i Yeruzalemu kuri Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C., mu nyuma bakaba baciye basubira iwabo. Uko biri kwose, hashize imyaka nka 30 iyo Pentekote ibaye, igihe Petero yandika amakete yiwe, incabwenge imwe ivuga yuko vyagaragara ko hariho amashengero “akwiragiye mu karere kose ka Aziya Ntoya”.

Ya mashengero indwi avugwa mu Vyahishuriwe

Abayuda baragararije Abaroma bituma i Yeruzalemu hasangangurwa mu 70 G.C. Bishoboka ko abakirisu bamwebamwe b’i Buyuda bahavuye bagerera muri Aziya Ntoyab.

Mu mpera z’ikinjana ca mbere mu gihe cacu, Yezu Kristu yararungikiye amakete amashengero indwi yo muri Aziya Ntoya abicishije ku ntumwa Yohani. Ayo makete yarungikiwe ishengero ry’i Efeso, ry’i Simirina, ry’i Perugamo, ry’i Tiyatira, ry’i Sarudi, ry’i Filadelufiya be n’iry’i Lawodiseya, arahishura ko muri ico gice ca Aziya Ntoya, abakirisu ico gihe bari bahanzwe n’ibintu bitandukanye nk’ubuhumbu, kwirema ibice be n’ubuhuni.​—Ivyahishuriwe 1:9, 11; 2:14, 15, 20.

Barangura murimo uciye bugufi ariko uvuye ku mutima

Ivyo dusoma mu gitabu c’Ivyakozwe n’intumwa si vyo vyonyene bivuga neza na neza ukuntu ubukirisu bwakwiragiye mu kinjana ca mbere. Intumwa zizwi cane Petero na Paulo, ni zo zagize uruhara mu bintu vyabaye bivugwa mu gitabu c’Ivyakozwe n’intumwa, ariko ico gihe nyene hari n’abandi benshi batazwi bariko baramamaza mu tundi turere. Iterambere ryabaye muri Aziya Ntoya riremeza ko abakirisu bo mu ntango bafashe nka nkama itegeko rya Yezu rigira riti: “Nimugende rero muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa”.​—Matayo 28:19, 20, NW.

Mu buryo busa n’ubwo muri iki gihe, ugereranije usanga ari ibikorwa bike biranga ukudahemuka birangurwa n’Ivyabona vya Yehova bo hirya no hino kw’isi bimenyekana mu muryango w’abavukanyi wo kw’isi yose. Nk’uko vyari bimeze ku bijanye n’abamamaji b’inkuru nziza b’intahemuka nka bose bo mu kinjana ca mbere muri Aziya Ntoya, abenshi mu bamamaji b’inkuru nziza bo mu gihe ca none usanga ku rugero runaka batazwi cane. Yamara, na bo nyene usanga bafise vyinshi bakora kandi babayeho mu buryo buhimbaye, vyongeye bakagira agahimbare kenshi kazanwa no kumenya ko bariko bitanga babigiranye ukugamburuka kugira ngo barokore abandi.​—1 Timoteyo 2:3-6.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 11]

UBUKIRISU BWO MU NTANGO MURI BITINIYA N’I PONTO

Intara igizwe na Bitiniya hamwe na Ponto iri ku nkengera y’Ikiyaga Cirabura ya Aziya Ntoya. Ibintu vyinshi tuzi ku vyerekeye ubuzima bwa misi yose bwo muri iyo ntara tubikesha ivyo Pline le Jeune, umwe mu bategetsi bayo, yandikiye Trajan Umwami w’abami w’Uburoma.

Haciye nk’imyaka 50 inyuma y’aho amakete Petero yanditse akwiragiriye mu mashengero yo muri ako karere, Pline yarahanuje Trajan ku bijanye n’ingene bogenza abakirisu. Yanditse ati: “Si ndigera ngira uruhara mw’isambishwa ry’abakirisu. Ku bw’ivyo rero, sinzi ibihano akenshi bahabwa ivyo ari vyo be n’ingene bingana. Abantu benshi bafise imyaka itandukanye kandi bo mu mice yose, baba abagabo canke abagore, bariko baracirwa imanza, kandi birashoboka ko bizobandanya. Ako kadumbi k’idini kagowe ntikariko kagira akosho mu bisagara gusa, ariko kandi karamaze gushika mu dusagara no mu gihugu hagati”.

[Ikarata ku rup. 9]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)

INGENDO PAULO YAGIZE

Urugendo rwa mbere rw’ubumisiyonari

SHIPURE

PAMFILIYA

Peruga

Antiyokiya (h’i Pisidiya)

Ikoniyo

Lisitira

Derube

Urugendo rwa kabiri rw’ubumisiyonari

SILISIYA

Taruso

Derube

Lisitira

Ikoniyo

Antiyokiya (h’i Pisidiya)

FIRIJIYA

GALATIYA

Tirowa

Urugendo rwa gatatu rw’ubumisiyonari

SILISIYA

Taruso

Derube

Lisitira

Ikoniyo

Antiyokiya (h’i Pisidiya)

Efeso

AZIYA

Tirowa

[Amashengero indwi]

Perugamo

Tiyatira

Sarudi

Simirina

Efeso

Filadelufiya

Lawodiseya

[Other locations]

Hiyerapoli

Kolosayi

LISIYA

BITINIYA

PONTO

KAPADOSI

[Ifoto ku rup. 9]

Antiyokiya

[Ifoto ku rup. 9]

Tirowa

[Credit line]

© 2003 BiblePlaces.com

[Ifoto ku rup. 10]

Ikibanza c’ibirori muri Efeso.​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 19:29

[Ifoto ku rup. 10]

Ahari igicaniro ca Zeyu i Perugamo. Abakirisu bo muri ico gisagara baba ‘aho intebe ya Shetani’ yari.​—Ivyahishuwe 2:13, “UB”

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.