Josèphe yoba vy’ukuri ari we yayanditse?

Umuhinga mu vya kahise wo mu kinjana ca mbere Flavius Josèphe, mu gitabu kigira 20 co mu rukurikirane rw’ibitabu yanditse (Antiquités judaïques), aravuga ivyerekeye urupfu rwa “Yakobo mwene wabo na Yezu uwiswe Kristu.” Incabwenge nyinshi zibona ko ayo majambo yanditswe koko na Josèphe. Ariko rero, hari abakekeranya ku vy’uko ayandi majambo ari muri ico gitabu nyene yerekeye Yezu yoba ari we yayanditse koko. Ayo majambo, ayitwa Testimonium Flavianum, agira ati:

“Nuko, nko muri ico gihe nyene, hari Yezu, umugabo w’inkerebutsi, nimba vyemewe ko yitwa umugabo, kuko yakora ibikorwa vyiza igitangaza, abantu benshi bakaba barahimbarwa no kumwumva yigisha. Yahurumbirwa n’Abayuda benshi hamwe n’Abanyamahanga benshi. Yari Kristu; kandi igihe Pilato yari yamuciriye urwo kumanikwa ku musaraba abisabwe n’abantu bakurubakuru bo muri twebwe, abamukunze ubwa mbere ntibamuhevye, kuko yasubiye kubabonekera ari muzima ku musi ugira gatatu, nk’uko abahanuzi b’Imana bari baravuze ivyo bintu be n’ibindi bintu vyiza igitangaza ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bimwerekeye; kandi umuryango w’abakirisu, uwiswe gutyo hisunzwe izina ryiwe, uracariho gushika n’ubu.”—Vyakuwe mu gitabu kimwe (Josephus—The Complete Works) cahinduwe na William Whiston.

Kuva mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 16, haravyutse ibihari bikomeye hagati y’abantu bemera ko ico gisomwa canditswe koko na Josèphe n’abakekeranya ku vy’uko yoba ari we yacanditse. Uwitwa Serge Bardet, akaba ari umuhinga mu vya kahise no mu bijanye n’ivyandikano vya kera w’Umufaransa, yararondeye kudadanura ivyo bihari vyari bimaze imyaka amajana ane bidatorewe umuti. Yarasohoye ubushakashatsi bwiwe mu gitabu kimwe (Le Testimonium Flavianum—Examen historique considérations historiographiques).

Josèphe ntiyari umwanditsi w’umukirisu. Yari umuhinga mu vya kahise w’Umuyuda. Ni co gituma nyinshi muri izo mpari usanga zishingiye ku majambo avuga ko Yezu ‘ari Kristu.’ Bardet yasiguye yuko ukuntu ayo majambo yubatse guhuye n’amategeko y’ururimi rw’ikigiriki. Bardet yongeyeko yuko umuntu afatiye ku kuntu umukirisu w’Umuyuda yabona ibintu, “kuba Josèphe yarakoresheje imvugo Christos atari ikintu kidashoboka gusa,” ariko kandi ni ikintu cari gufasha muri ivyo, ico “abihweza utuntu n’utundi muri rusangi bagize nabi cane kwirengagiza.”

Vyoba none bishoboka ko ico gisomwa congewemwo ibindi bintu n’umuntu yabayeho mu nyuma yiganye uburyo bwo kwandika bwa Josèphe? Bardet afatiye ku bimenyamenya bishingiye ku makuru ajanye na kahise n’ibishingiye kuri ico gisomwa ubwaco, yashitse ku ciyumviro c’uko kwigana ico ikintu vyobaye ari nk’igitangaro. Vyogizwe n’umuntu afise “ubuhanga bwo kwigana ibintu ata wundi yigeze kumera nka we kuva kera hose,” mu yandi majambo, umuntu “ameze neza na neza nka Josèphe.”

None ivyo bihari vyose vyavuye ku ki? Mu kwerekana umuzi w’iyo ngorane, Bardet yaratomoye yuko “hariho amakenga ku bijanye na Testimonium—ukwo akaba atari ko biri ku bisomwa vya kera vyinshi—kubera ko gusa havyuwe ibibazo ku vyerekeye Testimonium.” Abandanya avuga yuko ivyiyumviro vyashikirijwe mu binjana n’ibindi bishingiye cane ku mvo zihishije kuruta ukuba bishingiye kw’isuzumwa ry’ico gisomwa rishingiye ku bimenyamenya bitomoye, iryo na ryo rikaba rishigikira cane yuko ico gisomwa ari nyakuri.

Nta wuzi nimba isuzuma Bardet yagize rizogira ico rihinduye ku kuntu incabwenge zibona ico gisomwa (Testimonium Flavianum). Ryarajijuye uwitwa Pierre Geoltrain, umuhinga mu vy’idini ry’Abayuda ryisunga imigenzo y’Abagiriki akaba n’umuhinga mu bijanye n’ubukirisu bwo mu ntango. Yari yaramaze igihe kirekire abona ko hari ivyongewe muri ico gisomwa, mbere agatwenga abemera ko cari nyakuri. Mugabo yarahinduye ivyiyumviro. Yavuze ko ivyo Bardet yashitseko ari vyo vyatumye ahindura. Geoltrain yaciye avuga ko “guhera ubu ata n’umwe akwiye guhirahira ngo avuge yuko intahe yashinzwe na Josèphe ishobora kuba atari iy’ukuri.”

Ariko ntiwumve, Ivyabona vya Yehova barafise imvo ijijura kuruta yo kwemera ko Yezu ari Kristu, iyo na yo ikaba iboneka muri Bibiliya ubwayo.—2 Tim. 3:16.