Ibibazo vy’abasomyi

Mbega, umuntu yoba ashobora gucibwa mw’ishengero rya gikirisu kubera yisutse mu buhumane, nka kurya nyene ashobora gucibwa igihe yisutse mu busambanyi canke mu ngeso mbi?

Egome, umuntu arashobora kwirukanwa mw’ishengero mu gihe yoba amogorera ubusambanyi canke ubwoko bunaka bw’ubuhumane kibure ingeso mbi, ntiyigaye. Ivyo vyaha vyose uko ari bitatu, intumwa Paulo abishira hamwe n’ibindi bibi bishobora gutuma umuntu abikora acibwa, igihe yandika ati: “Ibikorwa vy’umubiri biribonekeza, bikaba ari ubusambanyi, ubuhumane, ingeso mbi. . . . ndababuriye . . . yuko abakora mwene ivyo batazotorana ubwami bw’Imana”.​—Ab’i Galatiya 5:19-21, NW.

Ubusambanyi (mu kigiriki, por·neiʹa), ni ijambo risobanura uguhuza ibitsina kutemewe hagati y’abantu batubakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’Ivyanditswe. Burimwo ukurenga ibigo, ubumaraya be n’uguhuza ibitsina hagati y’abantu batubakanye, hamwe n’ugucisha igitsina mu kanwa, mu kibuno be n’ugukuyakuya ibihimba vy’irondoka vy’umuntu mutubakanye. Umuntu amogorera ubusambanyi ntiyigaye, nta kibanza afise mw’ishengero rya gikirisu.

Ingeso mbi (mu kigiriki, a·selʹgei·a), ni imvugo isobanura “ibiterasoni; ubuhehesi; ingeso iranga ukutamaramara; inyifato iranga ukutisonera”. Igitabu kimwe c’intohozamajambo (The New Thayer’s Greek English Lexicon) gisobanura ko iryo jambo ry’ikigiriki risigura “inambu y’umubiri idacungerewe, . . . ikintu c’agahomerabunwa, ubushizi bw’isoni be n’akagagazo”. Ikindi gitabu c’intohozamajambo kivuga yuko ingeso mbi ari inyigenzo “irenga ku turimbi twose tw’ibintu vyemewe mu kibano”.

Nk’uko insobanuro zihejeje gutangwa zivyerekana, “ingeso mbi” irimwo ibintu bibiri: (1) Inyigenzo ubwayo iba irenga bimwe bikomeye ku mategeko y’Imana, kandi (2) nyene gukora ico kibi aba afise agatima k’ukutubaha, k’akagagazo.

Ku bw’ivyo rero, iyo mvugo “ingeso mbi” ntiyerekeza ku kwigenza nabi kudakomeye. Yerekeza ku bikorwa birenga mu buryo bukomeye ku mategeko y’Imana ikerekeza no ku biranga agatima k’akagagazo canke k’agasuzuguro, akaba ari agatima kerekana ko umuntu atubaha ubukuru, amategeko be n’ingingo ngenderwako, canke mbere ko anabisuzugura. Paulo yerekana ko ingeso mbi n’uguhuza ibitsina kutemewe ari ibintu bibiri bifitaniye isano (Abaroma 13:13, 14). Kubera yuko ingeso mbi ziri mu rutonde rw’ibikorwa vy’icaha bitari bike vyoshobora gutuma umuntu ataragwa Ubwami bw’Imana bivugwa mu B’i Galatiya 5:19-21, ni ikintu cotuma akangirwa kandi kikanashobora gutuma acibwa mw’ishengero rya gikirisu.

Ubuhumane (mu kigiriki, a·ka·thar·siʹa), ni ryo jambo rifise insobanuro yagutse muri izo mvugo zitatu zahinduwe ngo “ubusambanyi”, “ubuhumane” be n’“ingeso mbi”. Ririmwo insobanuro y’umwanda w’uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, haba mu bijanye n’igitsina, mu mvugo, mu bikorwa no mu bijanye n’ivy’impwemu. “Ubuhumane” ni imvugo yerekeza ku bwoko bwinshi bw’ivyaha bikomeye.

Nk’uko vyanditswe mu 2 Ab’i Korinto 12:21, Paulo aravuga ivyerekeye abantu ‘bacumuye kera, ntibigaya [“ubuhumane n’ubusambanyi be n’ingeso mbi”, NW] bakoze’. Kubera yuko “ubuhumane” butondetswe hamwe n’“ubusambanyi be n’ingeso mbi”, hariho ubwoko bunaka bw’ubuhumane biba ngombwa ko bwicarirwa na komite ncarubanza. Ariko rero, ubuhumane ni ijambo rifise insobanuro yagutse irimwo n’ibintu bitoba ngombwa ko vyicarirwa mu rubanza. Nka kurya inzu ushobora gusanga isa nabi bisanzwe ahandi na ho ugasanga yuzuye umwavu, ni ko n’ubuhumane bugenda burasumbasumbana.

Nk’uko biboneka mu Banyefeso 4:19, Paulo yavuze yuko abantu bamwebamwe bari “bābaye ibiti, bīshira mu ngeso [“mbi”, NW]”, [kugira bakore] ibihumanya vy’uburyo bgose bifatanije n’ukwifuza”. Gutyo rero Paulo ashira ‘ubuhumane bufatanije n’ukwifuza’ mu mugwi umwe n’ingeso mbi. Mu gihe umuntu yabatijwe amogoreye ‘ubuhumane bufatanije n’ukwifuza’ maze ntiyigaye, arashobora kwirukanwa mw’ishengero bitewe n’uko ubwo ari ubuhumane bukomeye.

Dufate ko hari umusore n’inkumi bareshanije bisutse incuro nyinshi mu vyo gukuyakuyana mu buryo bugera kure kandi buvyura inambu y’umubiri. Abakurambere boshobora kuraba yuko, naho abo bantu batagaragaje inyifato y’akagagazo, ari na yo iranga ingeso mbi, muri iyo nyigenzo yabo hatoba harabayemwo “ukwifuza” ku rugero runaka. Bimeze bityo, abakurambere bogirira komite ncarubanza abo bantu kubera yuko habaye ubuhumane bukomeye. Vyongeye, ubuhumane bukomeye bwoshobora kuba imvo yumvikana yo kwicarira mu rubanza ivyerekeye umuntu ahamagara uwundi incuro n’izindi kuri telefone bakavugana na we igishegu ceruye, na canecane igihe yoba yari amaze guhanurwa kuri iyo ngorane.

Abakurambere barakeneye gutegera ibintu neza igihe bafata ingingo zijanye n’ivyo bintu. Kugira ngo bamenye nimba bikenewe canke bidakenewe ko ikintu cicarirwa mu rubanza, bategerezwa kuraba bitonze ibiba vyabaye be n’urugero vyashitseko. Ikibazo ntigihagaze ku vyo kwagiriza umuntu wese yanse impanuro yo mu Vyanditswe ngo afise ingeso mbi. Eka mbere ntigihagaze ku gushinga incuro kanaka umuntu akwiye kuba yakoze icaha kanaka kugira ngo bibe ngombwa ko cicarirwa mu rubanza. Igihe cose, abakurambere barakwiye gushira ibintu ku munzane babijanisha n’isengesho, maze bakarondera kumenya ivyabaye be n’incuro vyabaye, ubwoko bw’ukwo kwigenza nabi be n’urugero kwagezeko, intumbero ya nyene kubikora be n’icabimuteye.

Ubuhumane bukomeye ntibugarukira gusa ku vyaha bijanye n’igitsina. Nk’akarorero, umuhungu umwe yabatijwe yoshobora kunywa amatabi nk’angahe mu kiringo gito maze mu nyuma akavyibwirira abavyeyi biwe. Yiyemeje kudasubira gukoza itabi ku munwa. Ubwo ni ubuhumane, yamara ntibwarenze urugero ku buryo bwokwitwa ubuhumane bukomeye canke ‘ubuhumane bufatanije n’ukwifuza’. Impanuro zishingiye ku Vyanditswe zitangwa n’umukurambere umwe canke babiri hamwe n’imfashanyo y’abavyeyi b’uwo muhungu, ku bwa ngingo birahagije. Mugabo, mu gihe uwo muhungu yoba anywa itabi incuro n’izindi, ukwo kwoba ari uguhumanya n’ibigirankana umubiri, gutyo hakaba hotunganywa ivyo gushinga komite ncarubanza kugira ngo ubwo buhumane bukomeye bwicarirwe (2 Ab’i Korinto 7:1). Mu gihe uwo muhungu atigaye, yocibwa mw’ishengero.

Abakirisu bamwebamwe barisutse mu vyo kuraba amasanamu yerekana ubushegabo. Ivyo birababaza cane Imana kandi abakurambere boshobora kwumva babuze iyo bakwirwa bamenye yuko hari uwo basangiye ukwizera yakoze ivyo bintu. Mugabo, si ukuvuga yuko igihe cose umuntu yaravye amasanamu ayo ari yo yose yerekana ubushegabo, ivyiwe bica birabwa na komite ncarubanza. Tuvuge yuko hari umuvukanyi yaravye incuro zitari nke amasanamu yerekana ubushegabo buvugwa ngo ni ubuteruye, ni ukuvuga ayaterekana ivy’ubushegabo ku mugaragaro. Aragize ibimaramare, akabimenyesha umukurambere maze akiyemeza kutazosubira gukora ico caha. Uwo mukurambere yoshobora gushika ku ciyumviro c’uko inyifato y’uwo muvukanyi itashitse ku rugero rwo kwisuka mu ‘buhumane bufatanije n’ukwifuza’. Vyongeye, ntiyagaragaje inyifato iranga akagagazo yerekana ko afise ingeso mbi. Naho bitoba ngombwa ko ico kintu cicarirwa mu rubanza, ubwo bwoko bw’ubuhumane bwosaba ko ahabwa impanuro zikomeye zishingiye ku Vyanditswe kandi kumbure abakurambere bakaguma bamukurikiranira hafi.

Ariko rero, dufate yuko hari umukirisu amaze imyaka araba mu mpisho amasanamu yerekana ubushegabo bw’agahomerabunwa bwonona umuntu mu vy’igitsina, vyongeye akaba ata ko atagize kugira ngo ahishe ico caha. Ayo masanamu ashobora kuba yerekana ivyo gusambanywa n’abantu benshi bakurakuranwa, gusambanya umuntu aboshwe, gusinzikaza ubuzima bw’abantu ata kagongwe, ikubagurwa ry’abakenyezi canke mbere n’ayerekana amashusho y’utwana turiko dukora ubushegabo. Abandi bamenye iyo nyigenzo yiwe, aricwa n’ibimaramare akabura iyo akwigwa. Ntiyagize akagagazo, mugabo abakurambere boshobora kuraba urugero uwo muntu ‘yishize’ canke yisutse muri iyo ngeso ishisha, gutyo akaba yaramogoreye ‘ubuhumane bufatanije n’ukwipfuza’, ubwo bukaba ari ubuhumane bukomeye. Muri ico gihe, hoshingwa komite ncarubanza kubera ko habaye ubuhumane bukomeye. Nyene gukora ico caha yoshobora gucibwa mu gihe atigaye mu buryo bushimwa n’Imana kandi ngo yiyemeze kutigera asubira kuraba amasanamu yerekana ubushegabo. Mu gihe yoba yaragiye aratumira abandi i muhira iwe kugira ngo barabe ayo masanamu yerekana ubushegabo, gutyo akaba yararemesheje iyo ngeso, ico coba ari ikimenyamenya c’uko afise agatima k’akagagazo karanga ingeso mbi.

Imvugo ikoreshwa mu Vyanditswe ngo “ingeso mbi”, nantaryo yerekeza ku caha gikomeye, akenshi kijanye n’ivy’igitsina. Mu gihe abakurambere bagerageza kumenya nimba inyigenzo y’umuntu ari ingeso mbi, bakwiye kuraba ko iyo nyigenzo yiwe irimwo akagagazo, ubuhehesi, ubushizi bw’isoni, ko ishisha kandi ko ibonwa mu kibano yuko ari iy’agahomerabunwa. Ku rundi ruhande, amakosa akomakomeye yo kurenga kw’itegeko rya Yehova aba yakozwe n’umuntu atagaragaje akagagazo, vyoshika akaba arimwo “ukwifuza”. Muri ico gihe vyokwihwezwa hisunzwe ko ari ubuhumane bukomeye.

Kumenya neza nimba umuntu yashitse kure ku buryo yagirwa n’ubuhumane bukomeye canke ingeso mbi, ni ibanga ritoroshe kubera ko biba vyerekeye ubuzima bw’abantu. Abihweza ibibazo mwene ivyo bakwiye kubigira babijanisha n’isengesho, basaba Imana ngo ibaronse impwemu yayo yera, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ikintu n’ikindi be n’ugutahura. Abakurambere barakeneye kuzigama ishengero kugira ngo rigume rityoroye kandi, mu guca imanza bategerezwa kwisunga Ijambo ry’Imana be n’ubuyobozi butangwa na wa “mushumba wo kwizigirwa w’ubgenge” (Matayo 18:18; 24:45). Muri iyi misi mibi, kuruta ikindi gihe ico ari cose caheze, abakurambere barakeneye kugumiza ku muzirikanyi aya majambo agira ati: “Mumenye ivyo mukora, kuko mu guca imanza atar’abantu mukorera, ariko n’Uhoraho; kandi ni we ari kumwe namwe mu manza”.​—2 Ngoma 19:6.