Noheli​—Kuki yizihizwa no mu burasirazuba?

IMYIZERERE ya kera yo mu Burasirazuba ituma umuntu yibuka ibya saint Nicolas wa Noheli. Iyo ni imyizerere yo muri Koreya yerekeranye n’umuntu witwa Chowangshin, kandi ikintu nk’icyo ushobora no kugisanga mu Bashinwa no mu Bayapani bamwe na bamwe.

Chowangshin yabonwaga ko ari imana ishinzwe igikoni, imana y’umuriro yari ifitanye isano na gahunda ya kera yo gusenga umuriro muri Koreya. (Mu bihe bya kera, Abanyakoreya batwaraga amakara yaka babigiranye ubwitonzi, bakareba neza ko ayo makara atigera azima.) Batekerezaga ko iyo mana yakomezaga kugenzura imyifatire y’abagize umuryango mu gihe cy’umwaka wose, hanyuma ikazamuka ikajya mu ijuru inyuze mu ifuru yo mu gikoni ikazamukira aho umwotsi usohokera.

Bavuga ko ngo Chowangshin yajyanaga raporo ku mwami w’ijuru ku munsi wa 23 uhereye igihe ukwezi k’Ukuboza kwabaga kwabonekeye. Yabaga yitezwe ko izagaruka umwaka urangiye inyuze aho umwotsi usohokera ikamanukira mu ifuru, izanye ingororano n’ibihano hakurikijwe imyifatire ya buri muntu. Ku munsi yagarukiragaho, abagize umuryango bagombaga gucana za buji mu gikoni hamwe n’ahandi hose mu nzu. Ibishushanyo bigaragaza iyo mana y’igikoni bifite ahandi bihurira na saint Nicolas​—na yo yashushanywaga yambaye imyenda itukura! Kera hari hariho umuco w’uko umukazana aboha umuguru w’amasogisi gakondo yo muri Koreya, maze ku itariki ya 22 Ukuboza akawuha nyirabukwe. Ibyo byasobanuraga ko yabaga yifurije nyirabukwe kuzaramba, kuko nyuma y’iyo tariki iminsi yabaga miremire.

Mbese, ntubona aho izo ngingo zimaze kuvugwa zihuriye na Noheli? Bivugwaho inkuru n’imigenzo bisa: aho umwotsi usohokera, za buji, gutanga impano, amasogisi, umusaza wambaye imyenda itukura hamwe n’itariki byizihizwaho. Icyakora, kuba hari ibyo ibyo bintu bihuriyeho, si byo byonyine byatumye Noheli yemerwa bitagoranye muri Koreya. Imyizerere yerekeranye na Chowangshin isa n’aho yari yarazimangatanye burundu igihe Noheli yazanwaga muri Koreya bwa mbere. Mu by’ukuri, Abanyakoreya benshi muri iki gihe ntibazi ko iyo myizerere yigeze inabaho.

Icyakora, ibyo bigaragaza ukuntu imigenzo ifitanye isano n’itariki ya 22 Ukuboza hamwe n’impera y’umwaka yakwirakwijwe hirya no hino ku isi inyuze mu nzira zitandukanye. Mu kinyejana cya kane I.C., kiliziya yari ikomeye mu Bwami bw’Abaroma yahinduye izina ry’umunsi mukuru witwaga Saturunalia, ukaba ari umunsi mukuru wa gipagani w’Abaroma bizihizagaho ivuka ry’imana y’izuba, maze iwuhindura kimwe mu bigize Noheli. Ibirori byo kwizihiza Noheli byaje gukomatanyiriza hamwe imigenzo yo mu karere yavuguruwe igahabwa izina ritandukanye. Ni gute ibyo byaje gushoboka?

Uruhare Gutanga Impano Byagize

Gutanga impano ni wo mugenzo umwe utarigeze uzimangatana. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, Abanyakoreya bashimishwaga cyane no gutanga impano no kuzihabwa. Iyo ni impamvu imwe yatumye ibirori byo kwizihiza Noheli byitabirwa n’abantu benshi muri Koreya.

Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, kubera ko abasirikare ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bari bakambitse muri Koreya bifuzaga gushimangira imishyikirano bari bafitanye n’abaturage, insengero zabaye ahantu ho guhurira no gutangira impano n’imfashanyo. Cyane cyane ibyo byabaga ku Munsi wa Noheli. Abana benshi bajyaga muri izo nsengero bakuruwe n’amatsiko, kandi aho ngaho ni ho ku ncuro ya mbere baboneraga impano za shokola. Nk’uko ushobora kubyiyumvisha, benshi muri bo nyuma y’icyo gihe babaga bategerezanyije amatsiko Noheli y’ubutaha.

Kuri bene abo bana, saint Nicolas yari umusirikare w’Umunyamerika wambaye ingofero itukura. Mu Migani 19:6 hagira hati “umuntu wese akunda utanga.” Ni koko, gutanga impano byagize ingaruka cyane. Ariko nk’uko ushobora kubyibonera uhereye kuri uwo murongo, bene izo mpano ntizituma byanze bikunze habaho ubucuti burambye. Ndetse no muri Koreya, hari abantu benshi usanga nta kindi bapfana na kiliziya uretse gusa kuba barariye shokola bakiri abana. Icyakora, Noheli ntiyibagiranye. Uko Koreya yagendaga itera imbere mu by’ubukungu mu buryo bwihuse, ni na ko ubucuruzi bwateraga imbere, kandi gutanga impano za Noheli byabaye uburyo bworoshye bwo gutuma abaguzi barushaho kugura ibintu byinshi cyane. Abacuruzi bakoresheje Noheli kugira ngo bongere inyungu.

Ibyo bituma umenya mu buryo bwimbitse impamvu muri iki gihe Noheli isigaye yizihizwa mu Burasirazuba. Kubera ko mu gihe cya Noheli abantu bagura ibintu mu buryo butagira rutangira, hakorwa ibicuruzwa bishya. Gahunda zo kwamamaza zitangira gutegurwa mu mpeshyi rwagati. Umubare w’ibicuruzwa bigurishwa usanga ari munini cyane mu mpera z’umwaka kurusha ibindi bihe by’umwaka, bitewe n’ibintu byose abantu bagura byo gutangaho impano kuri Noheli, amakarita y’intashyo, hamwe na za kaseti z’umuzika. N’ikimenyimenyi, amatangazo y’abamamaza atuma umusore cyangwa inkumi bari mu kigero giciriritse bumva bafite ipfunwe iyo basigaye imuhira kandi ntihagire impano iyo ari yo yose bahabwa ku Mugoroba Ubanziriza Noheli!

Uko Umunsi wa Noheli ugenda wegereza, ni na ko amaduka hamwe n’ahantu hakorerwa imirimo y’ubucuruzi mu mujyi wa Séoul usanga abantu ari uruvunganzoka bagura ibyo bazatangaho impano, kandi ibintu nk’ibyo ubisanga no mu yindi mijyi yo mu Burasirazuba. Usanga imodoka zabuze aho zikwirwa. Mu mahoteli, mu turere dukorerwamo imirimo y’ubucuruzi, muri za resitora hamwe no mu mazu abantu bidagaduriramo nijoro, abakiriya baba buzuye. Urusaku rw’abantu bari mu birori​—umuzika udunda​—bishobora kumvikana. Ku Mugoroba Ubanziriza Noheli, usanga abagabo n’abagore basinze bagendagenda mu mihanda iba yahindanyijwe n’imyanda iba yandagaye ahantu hose.

Ngiyo Noheli. Abiyita ko ari Abakristo usanga batakiri ku isonga mu kwizihiza umunsi mukuru wa Noheli mu Burasirazuba. Uko bigaragara, muri Koreya kimwe n’ahandi hose, ubucuruzi ni bwo buri ku isonga mu kuvana inyungu muri uwo munsi mukuru wa Kristendomu. None se, ubucuruzi ni bwo bwonyine bwatumye habaho Noheli idafite aho ihuriye rwose n’umwuka wa Kristo? Abakristo b’ukuri bagomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bihereranye n’icyo kibazo gikomeye.

Inkomoko ya Noheli

Inyamaswa yo mu gasozi yimuwe igashyirwa mu kigo inyamaswa zororerwamo, ikomeza kuba igikoko. Kandi gutekereza ko yamenyereye abantu bitewe n’uko gusa yashyizwe mu ruzitiro mu gihe runaka kandi ikaba isa n’aho ikina n’ibyana byayo, byaba ari ikosa rishobora guteza akaga. Ushobora kuba warumvise inkuru zivuga ukuntu abakozi bo mu bigo inyamaswa zororerwamo bariwe na zo.

Mu buryo runaka, dushobora kuvuga ibintu nk’ibyo ku byerekeranye n’ibirori byo kwizihiza Noheli. Mbere na mbere yari “igikoko” kitabonekaga mu Bukristo. Ku gatwe gato kavuga ngo “Isano Ifitanye na Saturnalia y’Abaroma,” igitabo cyitwa The Christian Encyclopedia (cyanditswe mu Gikoreya)a kigira icyo kivuga kuri Noheli muri aya magambo akurikira:

“Iminsi mikuru ya gipagani ya Saturnalia na Brumalia yari yarashinze imizi mu migenzo ya rubanda cyane, ku buryo itashoboraga kurandurwa n’imbaraga za Gikristo. Kuba Umwami w’Abami Konsitantino yaremeje umunsi w’Icyumweru (umunsi w’imana y’Abagiriki n’Abaroma y’umucyo w’izuba, ubuhanuzi, umuzika n’ibisigo yitwaga Phoebus hamwe n’imana y’izuba yitwaga Mithras, kimwe n’Umunsi w’Umwami) . . .bishobora kuba byaratumye Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya kane bumva ko bikwiriye guhuriranya umunsi w’ivuka ry’Umwana w’Imana n’uw’izuba nyazuba. Umunsi mukuru wa gipagani warangwaga no kwishimisha mu buryo butagira rutangira hamwe no kwinezeza, wari ukunzwe n’abantu benshi cyane ku buryo Abakristo bo bashimishijwe n’uko babonye impamvu y’urwitwazo yo gukomeza kuwizihiza, bagahinduraho gusa bike mu miterere yawo cyangwa mu buryo wizihizwagamo.”

Mbese, utekereza ko ibyo bintu byashoboraga kubaho gutya gusa bitarwanyijwe? Icyo gitabo kigira kiti “ababwiriza b’Abakristo bo mu Burengerazuba n’abo mu Burasirazuba bwa Hafi bamaganye ukuntu umunsi w’ivuka rya Kristo wizihizwaga mu buryo budakwiriye bwo kuwupfobya, mu gihe Abakristo bo muri Mesopotamiya bo bashinjaga bagenzi babo bo mu Burengerazuba gusenga ibishushanyo no gusenga izuba kubera ko bari barafashe uwo munsi mukuru wa gipagani bakawugira uwa Gikristo.” Mu by’ukuri, hari ikintu kitagendaga kuva bigitangira. Icyo gitabo kigira kiti “icyakora, uwo munsi mukuru wagiye wemerwa mu buryo bwihuse, amaherezo uza gushimangirwa mu buryo buhamye cyane ku buryo na revolisiyo y’Abaporotesitanti bo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu itashoboye kuwurandura.”

Ni koko, umunsi mukuru w’imana y’izuba, utari ufite aho uhuriye n’Ubukristo bw’ukuri, wemejwe na kiliziya yari ikomeye. Wahawe izina ritandukanye​—icyakora ibintu bya gipagani byawurangaga byagumyeho. Kandi wagize uruhare mu kwinjiza ubupagani mu madini ya Gikristo ku izina gusa, no konona imimerere y’abantu yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Amateka yemeza ko igihe Kristendomu yagendaga itera imbere, imyifatire ya mbere ya “kunda abanzi bawe” yavuyeho igasimburwa no guhenebera k’umuco hamwe n’intambara zirangwa n’urugomo rukabije.

Byageze aho biragaragara neza ko n’ubwo bari barawuhaye izina ryo kuyobya uburari, Noheli yagiye igaragaza inkomoko yayo ya gipagani binyuriye ku mwuka wo kwinezeza, ubusinzi, kwirundumurira mu birori, kubyina, gutanga impano hamwe no gutaka amazu hakorejwe ibiti bitoshye. Kugira ngo intego y’ibanze y’ubucuruzi igerweho​—ikaba ari iyo kugurisha ibintu byinshi kurushaho​—Noheli yagiye ikoreshwa mu buryo bwose bushoboka. Itangazamakuru rirayishimagiza; abantu babona ikibarangaza. Mu mujyi wa Séoul rwagati, hari iduka ahanini ricuruza imyenda yambarirwaho ryazanye agashya kuri televiziyo binyuriye mu gushyira igiti cya Noheli gitatsweho imyenda yambarirwaho gusa mu idirishya. Umwuka wa Noheli wari uhari, ariko nta kimenyetso cya icyo ari cyo cyose cyo “Kwakira Kristo” cyari gihari.

Ubumenyi Bwimbitse Bushingiye ku Byanditswe ku Birebana na Noheli

Ni irihe somo tuvana kuri ibyo bisobanuro bishingiye ku mateka hamwe n’ukuntu yagiye itera imbere? Ibifungo by’ishati cyangwa se itabuliya biramutse bifunze imbusane guhera ku ntangiriro, uburyo bumwe rukumbi bwo gukosora iyo mimerere ni ugutangira kubifunga bundi bushya. Ibyo se si ukuri? N’ubwo ibyo ari ukuri ariko, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe biha gusobanura bavuga ko n’ubwo Noheli ifite inkomoko ya gipagani yo gusenga izuba, yemewe na Kristendomu. Bityo bakumva ko uwo munsi mukuru wejejwe ukaba umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Kristo kandi ukaba warahawe ibisobanuro bishya.

Dushobora kuvana isomo ry’ingirakamaro ku bintu byabayeho mu mateka, bikaba byarabereye mu Buyuda bwa kera. Mu mwaka wa 612 M.I.C., Abayahudi bazanye gahunda ya gipagani yo gusenga izuba mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Mbese, iyo gahunda ya gipagani yo gusenga yaba yarejejwe n’uko yakorerwaga ahantu heguriwe ugusenga kutanduye kwa Yehova Imana? Umwanditsi wa Bibiliya witwa Ezekiyeli yanditse ku bihereranye n’iyo gahunda yo gusenga izuba yakorerwaga mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu agira ati “maze ndebye mbona, ku irembo ry’urusengero rw’Uwiteka, hagati y’umuryango n’igicaniro, abantu bagera nko kuri makumyabiri na batanu, . . . bareba iburasirazuba; kandi basengaga izuba berekeye aho rirasira. Maze arambaza ati ‘mbese ibyo urabibonye wa mwana w’umuntu we? Ibyo bizira ab’inzu ya Yuda bakorera aha biraboroheye? Kuko igihugu bacyujujemo urugomo, kandi bakongera kundakaza: ndetse bakaneguriza izuru.’ ”​—Ezekiyeli 8:16, 17.

Ni koko, aho kugira ngo ubwo buryo bwo gusenga kwa gipagani bwezwe, ahubwo bwashyize urusengero rwose uko rwakabaye mu kaga. Bene iyo migenzo yaseseye mu Buyuda, kandi ni yo yatumye urugomo rugwira muri icyo gihugu n’umuco ugahenebera. Ibyo ni na ko byagenze muri Kristendomu, aho usanga imigenzo ifite inkomoko muri gahunda yo gusenga izuba ya Saturnalia iza ku isonga kuri Noheli. Mu buryo bushishikaje, hashize imyaka mike nyuma y’aho Ezekiyeli aboneye iryo yerekwa, Yerusalemu yagezweho n’urubanza rw’Imana​—yarimbuwe n’Abanyababuloni.​—2 Ngoma 36:15-20.

Ushobora kuba warasanze ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’intiti yo muri Koreya mu gice kibanziriza iki ku bihereranye n’umwana Yesu, bisekeje. Ariko icyo tuzi cyo ni uko kuba ibyo bisobanuro byaratanzwe n’umuntu udafite ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye Kristo, ingaruka bitugiraho zirushaho kugira ireme cyane. Zagombye gutuma abantu bizihiza Noheli batekereza babigiranye ubwitonzi. Kubera iki? Kubera ko Noheli itajya ishobora kugaragaza Kristo nk’uko ari koko. Mu by’ukuri, ishyira urujijo ku gihagararo afite ubu. Yesu ntakiri umwana w’uruhinja uryamye mu muvure inka ziriramo.

Incuro nyinshi cyane, Bibiliya itsindagiriza ko ubu Yesu ari Mesiya, Umwami w’umunyambaraga w’Ubwami bw’Imana bwo mu ijuru (Ibyahishuwe 11:15). Yiteguye kuvanaho ubukene n’amagorwa abantu bamwe na bamwe batibagirwa mu gihe cya Noheli iyo baha impano imiryango itanga imfashanyo.

Mu by’ukuri, Noheli nta cyo yigeze imarira ibihugu byiganjemo Kristendomu cyangwa se ibindi bihugu, hakubiyemo n’ibyo mu Burasirazuba. Ahubwo yatumye ababituyemo batita ku butumwa nyakuri bwa Gikristo buhereranye n’Ubwami bw’Imana hamwe n’iherezo ry’iyi gahunda mbi (Matayo 24:14). Turagutumira kugira ngo ubaze Abahamya ba Yehova ibihereranye n’ukuntu iyo mperuka izaza. Kandi bashobora kukumenyesha ibihereranye n’imigisha y’iteka izahundagazwa ku isi nyuma y’imperuka, mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bw’Ubwami bw’Imana hamwe n’Umwami uganje, ari we Yesu Kristo.​—Ibyahishuwe 21:3, 4.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Noheli yagize uruhare mu kwinjiza ubupagani mu madini yitwa ko ari aya Gikristo ku izina gusa

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Abana benshi bajyaga mu nsengero bakuruwe n’amatsiko, kandi bagahabwa impano ya za shokola. Hanyuma, bategerezanyaga amatsiko Noheli izakurikiraho.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Ku Mugoroba Ubanziriza Noheli mu mujyi wa Séoul rwagati, ho muri Koreya

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Kristo ntakiri umwana w’uruhinja, ahubwo ni Umwami w’umunyambaraga w’Ubwami bw’Imana