Uko Icyo Gitekerezo Cyinjiye mu Madini y’i Burasirazuba
“Nahoraga nibwira ko imyizerere y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo ari ukuri kwemewe hose na buri wese. Ni yo mpamvu natangajwe rwose no kumenya ko hari abantu bamwe na bamwe b’abanyabwenge barwanyije iyo myizerere babigiranye umwete, haba i Burasirazuba cyangwa i Burengerazuba. Ubu nsigaye nibaza ukuntu igitekerezo cy’ukudapfa cyaje mu bitekerezo by’Abahindu.”—Byavuzwe n’UMUNYESHURI UMWE WO MURI KAMINUZA WAREREWE MU IDINI RY’ABAHINDU.
1. Kuki kugira ubumenyi ku bihereranye no gukura no gukwirakwira kw’inyigisho y’ukudapfa k’umuntu mu madini atandukanye ari iby’ingenzi kuri twe?
NI GUTE igitekerezo cy’uko umuntu afite ubugingo budapfa cyaje gucengera mu idini ry’Abahindu no mu yandi madini y’i Burasirazuba? Icyo kibazo ni icy’ingenzi, ndetse no ku bantu b’i Burengerazuba bashobora kuba batazi neza iby’ayo madini, bitewe n’uko iyo myizerere ifite ingaruka ku bihereranye n’ukuntu buri wese abona iby’igihe kizaza. Kubera ko inyigisho y’ukudapfa k’umuntu ari rusange mu madini menshi muri iki gihe, kumenya uko icyo gitekerezo cyagiye gikura, bishobora rwose kugira uruhare mu gutuma habaho kumvikana no gushyikirana neza kurushaho.
2. Kuki Ubuhindi ari bwo bwabaye isoko y’ingenzi y’amatwara ya kidini muri Aziya?
2 Uwitwa Ninian Smart, umwarimu wigisha amasomo y’iby’idini muri Kaminuza y’i Lancaster ho mu Bwongereza, yagize ati “ihuriro ry’ingenzi ry’amatwara y’iby’idini muri Aziya kuva kera, ni mu Buhindi. Ibyo ntibiterwa gusa n’uko Ubuhindi ubwabwo ari bwo nkomoko y’imyizerere myinshi—ni ukuvuga imyizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu, iry’Ababuda, Jayinisime, iry’Abasikh, n’ayandi n’ayandi—ahubwo ni uko idini rimwe muri ayo, ari ryo ry’Ababuda, ryaje gucengera mu buryo bwimbitse mu muco hafi ya wose wo muri Aziya y’i Burasirazuba.” Intiti imwe yo mu idini ry’Abahindu yitwa Nikhilananda, yavuze ko imico myinshi yacengewe bene ako kageni, “ikibona ko Ubuhindi ari bwo iwabo h’imibereho yayo y’iby’umwuka.” Ni gute rero iyo nyigisho y’ukudapfa yaje gucengera mu Buhindi no mu bindi bice by’Aziya?
Inyigisho y’Idini ry’Abahindu Ivuga ko Ubugingo Bwimuka Bukajya mu Wundi Mubiri
3. Dukurikije ibivugwa n’umuhanga umwe mu by’amateka, igitekerezo cyo kwimuka k’ubugingo gishobora kuba cyarazanywe na nde mu Buhindi?
3 Mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C, igihe Pythagore hamwe na bagenzi be bo mu Bugiriki barimo bamamaza igitekerezo kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka, abanyabwenge b’idini ry’Abahindu bo ku nkengero z’imigezi ya Indus na Gange yo mu Buhindi, na bo barimo bahanga icyo gitekerezo. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Arnold Toynbee, yavuze ko kuba iyo myizerere yaradukiye icyarimwe “mu karere katwarwaga n’Ubugiriki no mu Buhindi, bidashobora kuba ari ibintu byahuriranye gutya gusa mu buryo bw’impanuka.” Toynbee akomeza agira ati “ahantu hamwe rusange hashobora kuba ari ho soko [y’ayo matwara], ni mu muryango w’abantu b’abimukira bakomokaga ku Banyaziya n’Abanyaburayi, bakaba, mu kinyejana cya 8 n’icya 7 I.C. bari baramanukiye mu Buhindi, mu Majyepfo y’i Burengerazuba bw’Aziya, ahantu h’agasi habangikanye n’amajyaruguru y’inkengero y’Inyanja Yirabura, no mu myigimbakirwa ya Balkan na Anatolie.” Uko bigaragara, ubwo bwoko bw’abantu b’abimukira bakomokaga ku Banyaziya n’Abanyaburayi, bagiye mu Buhindi bajyanye na cya gitekerezo kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka.
4. Kuki igitekerezo cyo kwimuka k’ubugingo cyareheje abanyabwenge bo mu idini ry’Abahindu?
4 Igihe Abariyani bageraga mu Buhindi mu mwaka wa 1500 M.I.C., idini ry’Abahindu ryari ryaratangiye kera cyane mbere y’aho. Kuva rigitangira, idini ry’Abahindu ryakomeje imyizerere ivuga ko ubugingo butandukanye n’umubiri, kandi ko budapfa. Muri ubwo buryo, abayoboke b’idini ry’Abahindu bakurikije iyobokamana ry’abakurambere babo, bityo bagategurira ibyo kurya ubugingo bw’abantu babo bapfuye kugira ngo bubirye. Ibinyejana byinshi nyuma y’aho, igihe igitekerezo kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka cyageraga mu Buhindi, bishobora kuba byarareheje abanyabwenge b’idini ry’Abahindu bari bahanganye n’ikibazo kireba isi yose gihereranye n’ububi hamwe n’imibabaro mu bantu. Mu gukomatanya icyo gitekerezo n’icyitwaga amategeko ya Karma, ayo mategeko akaba ngo ari yo mvano y’ibiba, abanyabwenge b’idini ry’Abahindu bahanze igitekerezo kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, muri wo bukaba bushobora kugororerwa ku bw’ibyiza bwakoze, cyangwa guhanirwa ibibi bwakoze bukiri muri wa mubiri wa mbere.
5. Dukurikije uko bivugwa mu idini ry’Abahindu, ni iyihe ntego y’ibanze y’ubugingo?
5 Ariko kandi, hari ikindi gitekerezo cyagize ingaruka ku nyigisho y’idini ry’Abahindu ku bihereranye n’ubugingo. Igitabo Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, kigira kiti “bisa n’aho ari iby’ukuri ko kuva igitekerezo kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka hamwe n’inyigisho ya karma bicyaduka, ndetse na mbere y’aho, haba hari ikindi gitekerezo . . . cyagiye gikura buhoro buhoro mu itsinda rito ry’intiti mu Majyaruguru y’Ubuhindi—igitekerezo cya filozofiya ya Brahman-Ātman [Brahman isumba byose kandi y’iteka, imimerere nyakuri isumba iyindi].” Icyo gitekerezo cyakomatanyijwe na cya kindi kivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, mu gusobanura ibyerekeranye n’intego yimirizwa imbere mu idini ry’Abahindu—ni ukuvuga ukubaturwa k’ubugingo mu ruhererekane rwo kwimuka kwabwo, kugira ngo buzagere ku mimerere nyakuri isumba iyindi. Iyo myizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu, igerwaho binyuriye mu kwihatira kugira imibereho yemerwa na rubanda, no kugira ubumenyi bwihariye mu by’idini ry’Abahindu.
6, 7. Ni iyihe myizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu muri iki gihe, ku bihereranye n’ubuzima nyuma yo gupfa?
6 Nguko uko igitekerezo cyo kwimuka k’ubugingo abanyabwenge b’idini ry’Abahindu bagihinduyemo inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, bagikomatanyije n’amategeko ya Karma hamwe n’igitekerezo cya Brahman. Octavio Paz, umusizi wegukanye Ingororano yitiriwe Nobel, akaba yarahoze ahagarariye igihugu cya Megizike mu Buhindi, yanditse agira ati “uko idini ry’Abahindu ryagendaga rikwirakwira, ni nako hagiye hakwirakwira igitekerezo . . . kigize urufatiro rw’imyizerere y’idini rya Brahman, iy’Ababuda hamwe n’iyandi madini yo muri Aziya: ari cyo cy’uko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, mu rukurikirane rw’imibereho inyuranye.”
7 Inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, ni yo rufatiro rw’imyizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu ryo muri iki gihe. Umuhindi witwa Nikhilananda, akaba ari umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, yanditse avuga “ko kugira igikundiro cyo kudapfa, bitihariwe gusa n’abantu bake batoranyijwe, ko ahubwo ari umurage uvukanwa na buri muyoboke mwiza wese w’idini ry’Abahindu.”
Uruhererekane rwo Kuvuka Bundi Bushya mu Myizerere y’Idini ry’Ababuda
8-10. (a) Ni gute idini ry’Ababuda risobanura ubuzima? (b) Ni gute intiti y’Umubuda isobanura ibihereranye no kuvuka bundi bushya?
8 Idini ry’Ababuda ryashinzwe mu Buhindi, ahagana mu mwaka wa 500 M.I.C. Dukurikije ibivugwa mu muco gakondo w’Ababuda, Umuhindi witwaga Siddhārtha Gautama wari igikomangoma, waje kwitwa Buddha nyuma yo kumurikirwa, ni we washinze idini ry’Ababuda. Kubera ko iryo dini ryakomotse ku ry’Abahindu, inyigisho zaryo zenda gusa n’iz’Abahindu. Dukurikije uko bivugwa mu idini ry’Ababuda, ubuzima bugizwe n’uruhererekane ruhoraho rwo kuvuka bundi bushya no gupfa, kandi nk’uko bimeze mu idini ry’Abahindu, igihagararo cy’umuntu mu buzima bushya agezemo, kiba gishingiye ku bikorwa yakoze mu buzima bwe bwa mbere.
9 Ariko kandi, imyizerere y’idini ry’Ababuda ntisobanura ibihereranye n’imibereho mu bugingo budapfa. Uwitwa Arnold Toynbee yagize ati “nta kindi [Buddha] yabonye mu bugingo bw’umuntu kitari uruhererekane rw’imitekerereze n’imyifatire bisimburana ubudatuza, umuntu akaba ashobora kubigumana byose igihe yaba abyifuza.” Ariko kandi, Buddha yizeraga ko hari ikintu runaka—ni ukuvuga imimerere cyangwa imbaraga—iva mu buzima bumwe ikajya mu bundi. Dr. Walpola Rahula, intiti y’Umubuda, yavuze amagambo akurikira:
10 “Ubuzima si ikindi kitari ugukomatanya imbaraga z’umubiri ufatika n’iz’ubwenge. Icyo twita urupfu, ni imimerere y’umubiri ufatika yo guhagarara rwose ntiwongere kugira icyo ukora na gito. Mbese, izo mbaraga zose n’ingufu zose, bihagararira rimwe n’uko kudakora k’umubiri? Imyizerere y’idini ry’Ababuda isubiza igira iti ‘oya.’ Kugira ubushake, kwifuza, kugira inyota yo kubaho, gukomeza kubaho, gukomeza kubaho mu ruhererekane ruhoraho rwo kongera kuvuka bundi bushya, ni imbaraga zitangaje ndetse zisunika ubuzima bwose uko bwakabaye, zikaba zinasunika isi yose. Izo ni imbaraga ziruta izindi, ingufu ziruta izindi mu isi. Dukurikije uko bivugwa mu idini ry’Ababuda, izo mbaraga ntizihagararira rimwe no kudakora k’umubiri, ari byo gupfa; ahubwo zikomeza kwigaragaza mu wundi mubiri, zikabyara ukubaho bundi bushya, ari byo byitwa kuvuka bundi bushya.”
11. Ni gute idini ry’Ababuda ribona ibyerekeranye n’ubuzima nyuma yo gupfa?
11 Uko idini ry’Ababuda ribona ibyerekeranye n’ubuzima nyuma yo gupfa, ni uku: kubaho ni iby’iteka ryose, uretse gusa igihe umuntu yaba ageze ku ntego ya nyuma ya Nirvana, ni ukuvuga kubohorwa mu ruhererekane ruhoraho rwo kuvuka bundi bushya. Nta bwo Nirvana ari imimerere y’umunezero w’iteka cyangwa kuba umwe mu bari mu mimerere nyakuri isumba iyindi. Ahubwo, ni imimerere yo kutabaho—ni ukuvuga “ahantu h’imimerere yo kudapfa” irenze kubaho k’umuntu. Inkoranyamagambo yitwa Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, isobanura ko “Nirvana” ari “ahantu cyangwa imimerere yo kwibagirwa kugira icyo umuntu yitaho, kwibagirwa ububabare cyangwa imimerere nyakuri yo hanze.” Aho guharanira kugera ku kudapfa, Ababuda baterwa inkunga yo kukurenga bagaharanira kugera kuri Nirvana.
12-14. Ni gute imyizerere inyuranye y’idini ry’Ababuda yerekeza ku gitekerezo cyo kudapfa?
12 Uko idini ry’Ababuda ryagendaga rikwirakwira muri Aziya, ni nako ryagiye rihindura inyigisho zaryo kugira ngo rizihuze n’imyizerere y’aho ryabaga rigeze. Urugero, Ababuda bitwa Mahayana, abo bakaba biganje mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani, bizera ko habaho abo bita Ababodhisattva cyangwa Ababuda b’igihe kizaza. Ababodhisattva bigomwa kwinjira muri Nirvana, maze bagakomeza kubaho mu ruhererekane rw’ubuzima, kugeza ku ncuro zitazwi, kugira ngo bagire icyo bamarira abandi kandi babafashe kuzagera kuri Nirvana. Bityo, hari ushobora guhitamo gukomeza kwiberaho mu ruhererekane rwo kuvuka bundi bushya na nyuma yo kugera kuri Nirvana.
13 Irindi vugurura ryaje kugira ingaruka mu buryo bwihariye mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani, ni inyigisho yerekeranye n’Igihugu Kitanduye cy’i Burengerazuba, cyaremwe na Buddha Amitabha, cyangwa Amida. Abambaza mu izina rya Buddha muri uko kwizera, bongera kuvukira mu Gihugu Kitanduye, cyangwa paradizo, ahari imimerere ituma umuntu arushaho kugera ku kumurikirwa kwa nyuma. Ni iki cyaje kuva muri iyo nyigisho? Wa mwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa Smart twigeze kuvuga, aragira ati “nk’uko byashoboraga kuba byitezwe, ubwiza bwa paradizo bwavuzwe mu buryo bushishikaje mu mirongo imwe n’imwe y’inyandiko za Mahayana, bwaje gusimbura nirvana mu bitekerezo bya rubanda, babona ko ari yo ikwiriye kuba intego y’ikirenga.”
14 Imyizerere y’Ababuda bo muri Tibet, ikubiyemo n’indi myizerere y’aho hantu. Urugero, igitabo cy’abo muri Tibet kivuga ibihereranye n’abapfuye, kivuga ibyerekeranye n’ibizaba ku muntu byanditswe mbere y’igihe mu mimerere anyuramo mbere yo kuvuka bundi bushya. Bavuga ko abapfuye bashyirwa imbere y’urumuri rurabagirana rw’imimerere nyakuri ya nyuma, maze abananiwe kwihanganira urwo rumuri ntibabohorwe, ahubwo bakongera kuvuka bundi bushya. Uko bigaragara, idini ry’Ababuda mu myizerere yaryo inyuranye, ryerekeza ku gitekerezo cy’ukudapfa.
Gusenga Abakurambere mu Idini rya Shinto ryo mu Buyapani
15-17. (a) Ni gute imyizerere yo gusenga imyuka y’abakurambere yaje mu idini rya Shinto? (b) Ni gute imyizerere y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo igize urufatiro rw’imyizerere y’idini rya Shinto?
15 Mu Buyapani hari hasanzwe idini mbere y’uko hagera idini ry’Ababuda mu kinyejana cya gatandatu I.C. Iryo dini ntiryagiraga izina, kandi ryari rikubiyemo imyizerere yajyaniranaga n’umuco wa rubanda hamwe n’imigenzo yabo. Ariko kandi, igihe hadukaga idini ry’Ababuda, byaje kuba ngombwa ko habaho gutandukanya idini ry’Abayapani n’iry’abanyamahanga. Nguko uko ijambo “Shinto” ryaje kuvuka, rikaba risobanurwa ngo “inzira y’imana.”
16 Ni iki idini rya mbere rya Shinto ryizeraga ku bihereranye n’ubuzima nyuma yo gupfa? Inkoranyamagambo yitwa Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, ivuga ko igihe hatangizwaga igikorwa cyo guhinga umuceri mu bishanga, ubwo buhinzi bw’ibishanga bwatumye biba ngombwa ko habaho amatsinda y’abantu bafite gahunda nziza kandi ihamye mu mikorere yabo, bityo imigenzo igendana n’ubuhinzi—imigenzo yaje kugira uruhare rw’ingenzi mu idini rya Shintō—igenda ivuka.” Gutinya ubugingo bw’abapfuye, byaje gutuma abo bantu ba kera bahimba imigenzo yo kubucubya. Ibyo byaje kuvamo igikorwa cyo gusenga imyuka y’abakurambere.
17 Dukurikije uko bivugwa mu myizerere y’idini rya Shinto, ubugingo bwa “nyakwigendera” buba bugifite kamere yabwo, ariko bugashyirwaho ikizinga n’urupfu. Iyo ba nyir’ugupfusha umuntu barimo bakora imihango yo kumwibuka, ubugingo bwe burezwa kugeza buvanyweho ububi bwose, maze bukagira kamere irangwa n’amahoro n’ineza. Nyuma y’igihe runaka, uwo mwuka w’umukurambere urazamurwa ukazagera ku rwego rwo kuba umukurambere usengwa, cyangwa umurinzi. Kubera ko iryo dini rya Shinto ryari ribangikanye n’iry’Ababuda, ryaje gutora inyigisho zimwe na zimwe z’Ababuda, harimo n’inyigisho yerekeranye na paradizo. Ku bw’ibyo rero, turabona ko kwizera ko habaho ukudapfa, ari byo bigize urufatiro rw’imyizerere y’idini rya Shinto.
Imyizerere yo Kudapfa mu Idini rya Tao, Gusenga Abakurambere mu Idini rya Confucius
18. Ni iyihe mitekerereze y’idini rya Tao ku bihereranye n’ukudapfa?
18 Idini rya Tao ryashinzwe na Lao-tzu, uvugwaho kuba yarabaye mu Bushinwa mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C. Intego y’ubuzima, nk’uko bivugwa mu idini rya Tao, ni uguhuza ibikorwa by’umuntu na Tao—ni ukuvuga inzira y’ibintu kamere. Imitekerereze y’idini rya Tao ku bihereranye n’ukudapfa, ishobora kuvugwa muri ubu buryo buhinnye bukurikira: Tao ni ihame rigenga isi n’ijuru. Tao ntigira itangiriro n’iherezo. Binyuriye mu kugira imibereho ihuje na Tao, umuntu yifatanya muri yo maze agahoraho.
19-21. Igikorwa cy’idini rya Tao cyo kugenekereza ibintu mu bitekerezo ibi byo gushakisha gusa, byarigejeje ku yihe mihati?
19 Mu kugerageza kuba bamwe mu bigize ibintu kamere, mu gihe runaka, abayoboke b’idini rya Tao baje gushishikazwa mu buryo bwihariye no kuramba hamwe no kugoragozwa kwaryo. Baketse ko wenda binyuriye mu kugira imibereho ihuje na Tao, cyangwa inzira y’ibintu kamere, hari ukuntu umuntu ashobora kuvumbura amabanga y’ibintu kamere, maze agahinduka umuntu udashobora kugira ikimwonona ku mubiri, kwandura indwara ndetse no gupfa.
20 Abayoboke b’idini rya Tao batangiye kugerageza ibyo gufata igihe cyo gutekereza, gukora imyitozo yo guhumeka no kwibanda ku ndyo runaka, ibyo ngo bikaba byarashoboraga kurinda umubiri kubora no gupfa. Bidatinze, hatangiye gukwirakwira inkuru z’impimbano ku bihereranye n’abantu badapfa bagurukira ku bicu, bakaba baboneka cyangwa bakazimira uko bashaka, kandi bakaba bamaze imyaka itabarika ku misozi yera cyangwa ku birwa bya kure, batunzwe n’ikime cyangwa imbuto zifite ububasha ndengakamere. Amateka y’Ubushinwa, avuga ko mu mwaka wa 219 M.I.C, umwami w’abami witwa Ch’in Shih Huang Ti yohereje amato atwaye abahungu n’abakobwa bagera ku 3.000 kujya gushaka ikirwa cya P’eng-lai kivugwa mu migani, ari cyo buturo bw’abadapfa, kugira ngo bazane icyatsi gitanga ukudapfa. Ntitwiriwe tuvuga ko batigeze bagarukana uwo muti utanga ubuzima buhoraho.
21 Imihati yo gushaka ubuzima bw’iteka, yatumye abayoboke b’idini rya Tao bagerageza gukora ibinini bituma umuntu adapfa bakoresheje ubuhanga bwa siyansi bugendana n’ubupfumu. Idini rya Tao ribona ko ubuzima bubaho ari uko imbaraga zihabanye za yin na yang (imbaraga y’ingabo n’iy’ingore) zihuye. Bityo, mu kuvanga ubutare bwitwa plomb (bwijimye cyangwa yin) n’ubwitwa mercure (irabagirana cyangwa yang), abo bahanga mu bya siyansi ishingiye ku bupfumu, biganaga imikorere y’ibintu kamere mu gukora imiti, bagatekereza ko bari kuvanamo ikinini gituma umuntu adapfa.
22. Amatwara y’idini ry’Ababuda yagize izihe ngaruka ku mibereho y’Abashinwa mu bihereranye n’idini?
22 Mu kinyejana cya karindwi I.C., idini ry’Ababuda ryacengeye mu mibereho ya kidini yo mu Bushinwa. Ibyo byatumye habaho uruvange rw’imyizerere y’Ababuda, ubupfumu no gusenga abakurambere. Umwarimu wo muri Kaminuza witwa Smart, agira ati “idini ry’Ababuda n’irya Tao, yombi yahaye isura runaka imyizerere yerekeranye n’imibereho nyuma y’urupfu, imyizerere itari ishyitse mu iyobokamana rya kera ryo mu Bushinwa ryo gusenga abakurambere.”
23. Igihagararo cya Confucius ku birebana no gusenga abakurambere cyari ikihe?
23 Confucius, undi munyabwenge w’Umushinwa w’icyamamare wo mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C., filozofiya ye ikaba yaraje kuba urufatiro rw’idini rya Confucius, ntiyigeze agira icyo avuga mu buryo burambuye ku bihereranye n’ubuzima nyuma yo gupfa. Ahubwo we yibanze cyane ku kamaro k’umuco wo kugira neza n’imyifatire yemewe na rubanda. Ariko kandi, yemeraga imyizerere yo gusenga abakurambere, kandi yatsindagirije cyane ibihereranye no kuziririza imigenzo n’imihango ifitanye isano n’imyuka y’abakurambere bapfuye.
Andi Madini y’i Burasirazuba
24. Ni iki idini rya Jayinisime ryigisha ku bihereranye n’ubugingo?
24 Idini rya Jayinisime ryashinzwe mu Buhindi mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C. Uwarishinze, ari we Mahāvīra, yigishaga ko ibintu byose bibaho bifite ubugingo buhoraho, kandi ko kurokorwa k’ubugingo mu bubata bwa Karma, bishoboka binyuriye gusa mu kwigomwa no kwirinda mu buryo burengeje urugero, no kubahiriza mu buryo butagoragozwa ihame ryo kudahutaza ibyaremwe byose. Kugeza n’ubu, abayoboke b’iryo dini baracyafite iyo myizerere.
25, 26. Ni iyihe myizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu iboneka no mu idini ry’Abasikh?
25 Nanone kandi, Ubuhindi ni bwo nkomoko y’idini ry’Abasikh, idini rifite abayoboke bagera kuri miriyoni 19. Iryo dini ryatangiye mu kinyejana cya 16, igihe uwitwa Guru Nānak yiyemezaga kuvanga ibyiza byo mu idini ry’Abahindu n’irya Isilamu maze akabivanamo idini ry’abibumbiye hamwe. Idini ry’Abasikh ryatoye imyizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo, iyo kwimuka k’ubugingo bukajya mu wundi mubiri, n’iya Karma.
26 Uko bigaragara, imyizerere ivuga ko ubugingo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa k’umubiri, ni imwe mu bigize imyizerere y’amadini menshi y’i Burasirazuba. Bite se ku bihereranye na Kristendomu, idini ry’Abayahudi n’irya Isilamu?
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IKINYEJANA CYA 3 M.I.C.
IKINYAJANA CYA 1 M.I.C.
IKINYEJANA CYA 1 I.C.
IKINYEJANA CYA 4 I.C.
IKINYEJANA CYA 6 I.C.
IKINYEJANA CYA 7 I.C.
Idini ry’Ababuda ryacengeye muri Aziya y’i Burasirazuba hose
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]
Imyizerere ivuga ko ubugingo bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri, ni yo rufatiro rw’imyizerere y’idini ry’Abahindu
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 11]
Umuyoboke w’idini rya Tao, agerageza kuba umuntu uhoraho iteka binyuriye mu kugira imibereho ihuje n’ibintu kamere
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
Conficius yemeraga imyizerere yo gusenga abakurambere