Ibihugu Bivugwa muri Bibiliya

IGIHE ishyanga rya Isirayeli ryari hafi kwinjira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, Mose yabwiye Imana icyifuzo yari afite ku mutima, agira ati “ndakwinginze, emera ko nambuka nkareba igihugu cyiza kiri hakurya ya Yorodani, iriya misozi myiza.”​—⁠Gut 3:25.

Mose ntiyemerewe gukandagira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Icyakora, yagiye mu mpinga y’umusozi wari uteganye na Yeriko, maze aracyitegereza, ‘abona i Galeyadi hose, ageza i Dani, areba igihugu cy’u Buyuda cyose ageza ku nyanja y’iburengerazuba, n’i Negebu, n’ikibaya cyo kuri Yorodani’ (Gut 3:27; 34:1-4). Mbese, bwaba ari ubwa mbere wumvise ibyo bihugu? Waba uzi aho byari biherereye?

Muri iki gihe, abagaragu ba Yehova bashobora gusura uturere basoma muri Bibiliya si benshi rwose. Ntibashobora gukora ibyo Imana yasezeranyije Aburahamu, ni ukuvuga gutambagira Igihugu cy’Isezerano cyose uko cyakabaye, mu burebure no mu bugari bwacyo (It 13:14-17). Icyakora nubwo bimeze bityo, Abakristo b’ukuri bashishikazwa cyane no kumenya imiterere y’uturere tuvugwa muri Bibiliya, n’ibyo twari duhuriyeho.

Aka gatabo Tumenye uko ‘Igihugu Cyiza’ cyari giteye gashobora kugufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa Ibyanditswe. Gakubiyemo amafoto y’uturere tukiriho muri iki gihe, urugero nka Galeyadi, igaragara ku gifubiko. Ikindi kintu kizakwigisha cyane, ni amakarita azagufasha kurushaho kumenya uturere tuvugwa muri Bibiliya.

Ikarita iboneka ku ipaji ya 2 n’iya 3, yibanda ku bihugu byari bikomeye mu gihe cya kera. Urugero, kumenya aho Ashuri na Egiputa byari biri ugereranyije n’aho Igihugu cy’Isezerano kiri, bishobora kugufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa ubuhanuzi buvuga kuri ibyo bihugu byombi (Ye 7:18; 27:13; Hs 11:11; Mk 7:12). Akarere kitwa Igihugu cy’Isezerano kari ihuriro ry’imihanda ya kera yari ikomeye. Andi mahanga yose yahoraga arwanira kwigarurira imirima yako yeraga cyane, inzabibu zako n’imirima yaho y’ibiti by’imyelayo.​—⁠Gut 8:8; Abc 15:⁠5.

Hari igihe bizajya biba ngombwa ko ugereranya amakarita. Reka dufate urugero. Yona yari yasabwe kujya mu murwa mukuru wa Ashuri, ariko we yifatira ubwato ajya i Tarushishi (Yn 1:1-3). Mbese, waba ubona aho utwo turere turi kuri iyo karita ya mbere? Icyakora, ntiwitiranye Tarushishi na Taruso, aho intumwa Pawulo yavukiye. Taruso n’indi mijyi yari ikomeye bigaragara kuri iyi karita.

Reka dutekereze no ku rugendo Aburahamu yakoze, turebe uko rwareshyaga n’aho yanyuze. Shaka aho imijyi ya Uri, Harani na Yerusalemu iri. Yehova amaze kumuhamagara, Aburahamu yavuye muri Uri, ajya gutura i Harani, hanyuma aza kwimukira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano (It 11:28–​12:1; Ibyk 7:2-5). Uzarushaho gusobanukirwa iby’urugendo rwa Aburahamu nugera ku gice gifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Igihugu cy’abakurambere” ku ipaji ya 6-7.

Ikarita ya mbere n’iyi iri aha, ntizerekana ibintu byabayeho igihe iki n’iki. Andi makarita yose yo agiye akurikiza igihe ibintu byabereye. Imijyi n’ibindi bintu biboneka kuri ayo makarita bifitanye isano n’ibintu byabaye mu gihe iki n’iki. Nubwo amazina y’uturere twose ataboneka ku irangiro (ipaji ya 34 n’iya 35), muri rusange iryo rangiro rishobora kugufasha kumenya ikarita ifitanye isano n’ikintu ukoraho ubushakashatsi.

Ikarita yo hagati (ipaji ya 18 n’iya 19) ni yo ibonekaho imidugudu n’imijyi myinshi yari igize Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Ibisobanuro by’iyo karita bizagufasha kumenya aho imijyi y’Abalewi hamwe n’imidugudu itandatu y’ubuhungiro yari iri. Bizagufasha no kumenya niba umujyi uyu n’uyu uvugwa mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo cyangwa ibya Kigiriki, cyangwa se hombi.

Hari uturere tumwe na tumwe tuvugwa muri Bibiliya tutazwi muri iki gihe. Ku bw’ibyo, amazina y’utwinshi muri two ntagaragara ku ikarita yo hagati. Nanone kandi, nta bwo amazina y’imidugudu yose n’imijyi yose, uko iboneka ku rutonde rw’imijyi yahawe imiryango ya Isirayeli, yabonye aho yandikwa (Yosuwa, igice cya 15 kugeza ku cya 19). Icyakora, iyo karita yerekana aho imijyi byari byegeranye yari iri, bityo ushobora kugenekereza ukamenya aho umujyi uyu n’uyu ushaka wari uri. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga imiterere y’uturere, urugero nk’imisozi, inzuzi n’ibikombe, bigaragazwa n’utumenyetso, naho ubutumburuke bwo bugaragazwa n’amabara atandukanye. Ibyo byose bishobora kugufasha kwiyumvisha ibintu bimwe na bimwe bivugwa muri Bibiliya.

Ibisobanuro birambuye birebana n’uturere tuvugwa muri Bibiliya biboneka mu mibumbe y’igitabo Étude perspicace des Écrituresa, ubu iboneka mu ndimi nyinshi. Mu gihe uzaba ukoresha iyo mibumbe hamwe n’ibindi bitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, aka gatabo Tumenye uko ‘Igihugu Cyiza’ cyari giteye kazaguhore hafi. Jya ukifashisha wiga Ibyanditswe byose, byo bigufitiye akamaro katagereranywa mu mibereho yawe.​—⁠2 Tm 3:16, 17.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 5]

AHO IBITABO BYA BIBILIYA BYANDIKIWE:

Babuloni

Kayisariya

Korinto

Egiputa

Efeso

Yerusalemu

Makedoniya

Mowabu

Patimo

Igihugu cy’Isezerano

Roma

Shushani

[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 4 n’iya 5]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gatabo)

Ibihugu byo muri Bibiliya n’imigi y’ingenzi

A1 U BUTALIYANI

A2 ROMA

A3 SISILE

A3 MELITA

C2 MAKEDONIYA

C2 Filipi

C2 U BUGIRIKI

C3 ATENAYI

C3 Korinto

C3 KIRETE

C4 LIBIYA

D3 Antiyokiya (ya Pisidiya)

D3 Efeso

D3 PATIMO

D3 RODO

D4 MOFU

D5 EGIPUTA

E2 AZIYA NTOYA

E3 Taruso

E3 Antiyokiya (ya Siriya)

E3 KUPURO

E4 Sidoni

E4 Damasiko

E4 Tiro

E4 Kayisariya

E4 IGIHUGU CY’ISEZERANO

E4 YERUSALEMU

E4 MOWABU

E4 Kadeshi

E4 EDOMU

F3 Ingobyi ya Edeni?

F3 ASHURI

F3 Harani

F3 SIRIYA

F5 ARABIYA

G3 NINEVE

G4 BABULONI

G4 U BUKALUDAYA

G4 Shushani

G4 Uri

H3 U BUMEDI

[Imisozi]

E5 Umusozi wa Sinayi

G2 IMISOZI YA ARARATI

[Inyanja]

C3 Inyanja ya Mediterane (Inyanja Nini)

E1 Inyanja Yirabura

E5 Inyanja Itukura

H2 Inyanja ya Kasipiyene

H5 Ikigobe cya Peresi

[Inzuzi]

D5 Uruzi rwa Nili

F3 Uruzi rwa Ufurate

G3 Uruzi rwa Tigre