Gushakisha ubuhanuzi bwiringirwa

NYUMA gato y’aho umwami wa Makedoniya waje kwitwa Alexandre le Grand agiriye ku ngoma mu mwaka wa 336 M.I.C., yagiye gusura ingoro yo mu karere ka Delphi ho mu Bugiriki rwagati. Imigambi yifuzaga kuzageraho mu gihe cyari imbere, nta yindi itari iyo kwigarurira igice kinini cy’isi y’icyo gihe. Ariko yifuzaga kubona igihamya giturutse ku Mana cy’uko umushinga ukomeye yari agiye gutangira wari kuzagira icyo ugeraho. Dukurikije uko imigani ya rubanda ibivuga, ku munsi yagiriyeho i Delphi, ntibyari byemewe kugira icyo umuntu abaza umupfumu. Kubera ko Alexandre atashakaga kugenda atabonye igisubizo, yakomeje gutitiriza, ahatira umupfumu w’umugore kumuhanurira. Uwo mugore amaze kumanjirwa yateye hejuru agira ati “wa mwana we, nta wuzagutsinda!” Uwo mwami wari ukiri muto, ibyo yabifashe nk’aho ari ibintu bimusurira ibyiza​—⁠bimuha icyizere cyo kuzatsinda mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.

Ariko kandi, Alexandre yari kurushaho kumenya neza cyane ibihereranye n’icyo ibikorwa bye bya gisirikare byari kugeraho, iyo aza kuba yarasuzumye ubuhanuzi buboneka mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cya Daniyeli. Ubwo buhanuzi bwahanuye nta kwibeshya mu buryo buhebuje ibihereranye n’ukuntu yari kuzagenda yigarurira ibihugu mu buryo bwihuse. Inkuru za rubanda zivuga ko amaherezo Alexandre yaje kubona uburyo bwo kureba ibyo Daniyeli yari yaranditse amwerekezaho. Dukurikije uko umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umuyahudi witwa Josephus abivuga, igihe umwami wa Makedoniya yinjiraga mu mujyi wa Yerusalemu, yeretswe ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli​—bikaba bishoboka cyane ko yeretswe igice cya 8 cy’icyo gitabo (Daniyeli 8:5-8, 20, 21). Bavuga ko bitewe n’iyo mpamvu, uwo mujyi utasenywe n’ingabo za Alexandre zagendaga zirimbura.

Ni Icyifuzo Kiba Muri Kamere Muntu

Yaba umwami cyangwa rubanda rwa giseseka, yaba uwo mu gihe cya kera cyangwa se uwo muri iki gihe​—umuntu yagiye yumva akeneye kubona ubuhanuzi bwiringirwa ku bihereranye n’igihe kizaza. Kubera ko twebwe abantu turi ibiremwa bifite ubwenge, twiga amateka y’igihe cyahise, tukamenya ibiriho mu gihe cya none kandi cyane cyane tugashishikazwa no kumenya iby’igihe kizaza. Hari umugani w’Abashinwa ubivuga neza cyane, ugira uti “umuntu washobora kumenya mbere y’igihe ibintu bizaba mu minsi itatu iri imbere, yaba umukire mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi.”

Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bagiye bagerageza kumenya ibizaba mu gihe kizaza binyuriye ku gusuzuma ibyo bibwiraga ko bikomoka ku Mana. Reka dufate urugero ku Bagiriki ba kera. Bari bafite ingoro zera nyinshi cyane, urugero nk’izari ziri mu karere ka Delphi, Delos na Dodona, aho bajyaga bajya kubaza imana zabo ibihereranye n’ibikorwa byo mu rwego rwa politiki cyangwa rwa gisirikare, kimwe n’ibintu bya bwite, urugero nk’urugendo, ishyingiranwa hamwe n’abana. Si abami cyangwa abayobozi b’ingabo bonyine bajyaga bashakira ubuyobozi bwo mu buturo bw’umwuka binyuriye kuri izo ngoro, ahubwo amoko yose uko yakabaye, hamwe n’abaturage b’imijyi, bajyagayo.

Dukurikije uko umwarimu umwe wo muri kaminuza abivuga, ubu hari ukwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye kw’imiryango yiyemeje kwiga ibihereranye n’igihe kizaza.” Ariko kandi, abantu benshi bahitamo kwirengagiza isoko imwe rukumbi y’ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri​—⁠ari yo Bibiliya. Bikuramo mu buryo bweruye igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’uko ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya bwaba bukubiyemo ibisobanuro barimo bashakisha. Hari intiti zimwe na zimwe zigera n’aho zivuga ko ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya buhwanye n’ibintu byavuzwe n’abapfumu bo mu gihe cya kera. Ubusanzwe, usanga abemeragato bo muri iki gihe bavuga ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya mu buryo burangwa no kubogama.

Turagutumirira kwisuzumira ubwawe inkuru yanditswe. Ni iki igereranya ryitondewe ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya hamwe n’ibyagiye bivugwa n’abapfumu rihishura? Mbese, ushobora kwiringira ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya kurusha abapfumu bo mu gihe cya kera? Kandi se, ushobora mu buryo burangwa n’icyizere gushingira imibereho yawe ku buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya?

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Bibiliya yahanuye ukuntu Alexandre yari kuzagenda yigarurira ibihugu mu buryo bwihuse

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Cortesía del Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

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Alexandre le Grand

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Musei Capitolini, Roma

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COVER: General Titus and Alexander the Great: Musei Capitolini, Roma