Abahinduzi ba Bibiliya babiri bashubije Izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya

Rimwe mu masengesho y’ibanze abantu benshi bazi ni Isengesho rya Data wa twese, Yesu yigishije abigishwa be. Iryo sengesho turisanga mu gice abantu benshi bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya. Iryo sengesho ritangira rigira riti: “Data uri mu ijuru, izina ryawe niryezwe” (Matayo 6:9). Mu Kinyarwanda izina ry’Imana rivugwa ngo “Yehova,” ariko ntirikunze kuboneka mu Isezerano Rishya mu buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya zo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza. Icyakora muri ubwo buhinduzi habonekamo amazina y’ibigirwamana, urugero nka Zewu, Herume na Arutemi. Ariko se ubwo buhinduzi bwagombaga kwirengagiza gukoresha izina ry’Imana y’ukuri ari nayo Mwanditsi wa Bibiliya?—Ibyakozwe 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timoteyo 3:16.

Abahinduzi ba Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker bemeraga ko Izina ry’Imana ryagombaga gusubizwa mu Isezerano Rishya. Kuki bakoresheje ijambo “gusubizwa”? Ni ukubera ko basanze izina ry’Imana ryari risanzwe ryanditsemo rikaza gukurwamo nyuma. Ariko se kuki bafashe umwanzuro w’uko ryagombye gusubizwa mu mwanya waryo?

Shadwell na Parker bari bazi ko mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki ziboneka muri iki gihe, z’icyo akenshi abantu bakunze kwita Isezerano rya Kera, zanditswe mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo, habonekagamo izina bwite ry’Imana incuro zibarirwa mu bihumbi. Ibyo byatumaga bibaza impamvu mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki z’Isezerano Rishya bari bafite, hari harakuwemo Izina ry’Imana.a Nanone kandi, Shadwell yagaragaje ko inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki z’Isezerano Rishya zikoresha imvugo zo mu Isezerano rya Kera, urugero nk’“umumarayika wa Yehova.” Abandukuye umwandiko w’Ikigiriki w’Isezerano Rishya basimbuje Izina ry’Imana andi magambo, nka Kyʹri·os, risobanura “Umwami.”—2 Abami 1:3, 15; Ibyakozwe 12:23.

Na mbere y’uko Shadwell na Parker basohora ubuhinduzi bwabo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, hari abandi bahinduzi bari barashubije izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, ariko ryasubijwe ahantu hacye cyane.b Mbere y’umwaka wa 1863, igihe Parker yasohoraga Isezerano Rishya (A Literal Translation of New Testament), nta wundi muhinduzi wo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza wari warashubije izina ry’Imana ahantu henshi mu Isezerano Rishya. Ariko se Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker bari bantu ki?

Lancelot Shadwell

Lancelot Shadwell yabayeho hagati y’umwaka wa 1808-1861. Yari umwavoka akaba n’umuhungu wa Sir Lancelot Shadwell, wari wungirije Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza. Lancelot Shadwell yari mu banyamuryango ba kiliziya yo Bwongereza. Nubwo yizeraga inyigisho y’Ubutatu, yagaragaje ko yubahaga izina ry’Imana aho mu buhinduzi bwe yavuze ngo “izina rihebuje rya YEHOVA.” Mu buhinduzi bwe, mu Ivanjili ya Matayo n’iya Mariko, yakoresheje izina “Yehova” incuro 28 mu mwandiko nyirizina n’incuro 465 mu bisobanuro.

Shadwell ashobora kuba yaramenye izina ry’Imana arikuye mu Isezerano rya Kera ryo mu rurimi rw’umwimerere rw’Igiheburayo. Yavuze ko abasimbuje izina ry’Imana, ijambo Kyʹri·os mu Isezerano rya Kera mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki “batari abahinduzi b’abanyakuri.”

Ivanjiri ya Matayo yasohotse mu Cyongereza irimo n’ibisobanuro, yahinduwe na L. Shadwell (1859), yatanzwe n’isomero rya Bodleian. Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Ibyahinduweho: Imiterere y’umwandiko

Mu buhinduzi bwe, Shadwell yakoresheje bwa mbere izina “Yehova” muri Matayo 1:20. Ibisobanuro yatanze kuri uwo murongo bigira biti: “Ijambo [Kyʹri·os] ryakoreshejwe aha ndetse n’ahandi henshi, risobanura ngo YEHOVA, akaba ari izina bwite ry’Imana. Kandi ni ngombwa cyane kugarura iryo jambo mu buhinduzi bwo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza.” Nanone yaravuze ati: “Ibyo tugomba kubikora kugira ngo tugaragaze ko twubaha Imana. Yivugiye ko izina ryayo ari YEHOVA: nta kintu cyiza twakora cyaruta gukoresha iryo zina igihe tugiye kuvuga Imana.” Nyuma yaravuze ati: “Mu buhinduzi bwa King James, izina YEHOVA rigaragara incuro nke cyane . . . Aho gukoresha izina bwite ry’Imana, hakoreshwamo izina “Umwami.” Shadwell yagize ati: “Umwami . . . ni izina ridakwiriye” gusimbura izina ry’Imana. Shadwell yanongeyeho ko n’abantu bo mu gihugu cye nawe bamwitaga “Umwami”.

Shadwell yasohoye ubuhinduzi bw’igitabo cya Matayo mu mwaka wa 1859 nyuma yaho mu mwaka wa 1861 asohora igitabo cya Matayo n’icya Mariko biri kumwe. Ariko akazi ke karangiriye aho kuko yapfuye ku itariki ya 11 Mutarama 1861, afite imyaka 52. Icyakora imihati yagaragaje mu bikorwa bye yagize akamaro.

Frederick Parker

Ubuhinduzi bwa Shadwell bw’igitabo cya Matayo bwashishikaje umugabo w’umucuruzi wari umukire i London witwaga Frederick Parker wabayeho hagati y’umwaka wa 1804-1888. Parker yatangiye guhindura Isezerano Rishya igihe yari afite imyaka 20. Parker we yari atandukanye na Shadwell kuko atemeraga inyigisho y’Ubutatu. Yaranditse ati: “[Iyaba] kiliziya yose y’Abana [b’Imana] . . . Yemeraga ukuri . . . Kandi igasenga Yehova Imana Ishoborabyose wenyine.” Nanone kandi, Parker yumvaga ko inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki z’Isezerano Rishya zakoreshaga ijambo Kyʹri·os ku Mwami Imana no ku Mwami Yesu zatezaga urujijo ku buryo zatumaga utabasha kubatandukanya bombi. Yashimishijwe no kubona ko hari aho Shadwell yagiye akoresha izina “Yehova” mu mwanya wa Kyʹri·os

Ibyo Parker yabisobanukiwe ate? Yize Ikigiriki kandi yanditse ibitabo n’izindi nyandiko nto byinshi, byerekeranye n’ikibonezamvugo cy’ururimi rw’Ikigiriki. Nanone yabaye umwe mu banyamuryango b’Ikigo cya Bibiliya cyo mu Bwongereza cyatezaga imbere ubushakashatsi ku nyandiko za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki, hagamijwe gusohora Bibiliya zitandukanye mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza. Mu mwaka wa 1842, Parker yatangiye gusohora ubuhinduzi bw’Isezerano Rishya.c

Imihati ya Parker mu gusubiza izina ry’Imana mu mwanya waryo

Hashize imyaka myinshi Parker yandika inzandiko zirebana n’ibibazo bikurikira: “Ni ryari ijambo Kyʹri·os ryerekeza ku Mwami Yesu kandi ni ryari riba ryerekeza ku Mwami Imana?” “Kuki ijambo Kyʹri·os incuro nyinshi mu buryo bw’ikibonezamvugo ryerekeza ku izina aho kwerekeza ku mwanya umuntu afite?”

Mu mwaka wa 1859, igihe Parker yabonaga ubuhinduzi bwa Shadwell bw’Igitabo cya Matayo n’ibisobanuro yatanze ku ijambo Kyʹri·os, Parker yemeye ko ahantu hamwe na hamwe ijambo Kyʹri·os “ryagombye guhindurwamo Yehova.” Ibyo byatumye avugurura ubuhinduzi bwe bw’Isezerano Rishya kugira ngo ashyire izina “Yehova” aho rikwiriye kujya, agendeye ku cyo umwandiko uvuga cyangwa ku kibonezamvugo cy’ururimi rw’Ikigiriki. Ibyo byatumye, umubumbe wa Parker wasohotse mu mwaka 1863 wa Bibiliya yitwa A Literal Translation of the New Testament, warimo izina ry’Imana incuro 187. Byaragaraye ko ubwo ari bwo buhinduzi bw’Icyongereza bwari bushubije izina ry’Imana mu mwanya waryo ahantu henshi mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo.d

Nanone mu mwaka wa 1864, Parker yasohoye Bibiliya yitwa A Collation of an English Version of the New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version. Impamvu yatumye ahuriza hamwe ubuhinduzi bwe bubiri bw’Isezerano Rishya akabuhinduramo umubumbe umwe kwari ukugira ngo agaragaze aho Bibiliya yahinduye itandukaniye n’izindi.e

Kugira ngo agaragaze akamaro ko gusubiza izina ry’Imana mu byanditswe, Parker yagaragaje imirongo yashubijemo iryo zina mu buhinduzi bwa Authorized Version, harimo n’umurongo wo mu Baroma 10:13, ugira uti: “Kuko umuntu wese uzambaza izina ry’Umwami azakizwa.” Parker yarabajije ati: “[Ni nde] wakwibaza niba muri Authorized English Version iyo mirongo yerekeza kuri Yehova, aho kuba ku Mwana we Yesu Kristo?”

Parker yakoresheje amafaranga menshi mu kumenyekanisha no gusohora inyandiko ze. Mu mwaka umwe yakoresheje amafaranga arenga 138.000.000 Frw, uyabaze muri iki gihe. Nanone yahaye incuti ze n’abayobozi b’amadini bo mu rwego rwo hejuru kopi nyinshi z’ibyo bitabo bye kandi azibahera ubuntu kugira ngo bagire icyo bazivugaho.

Hari abahanga batemera inyandiko za Parker n’ubuhinduzi bwe bw’Isezerano Rishya. Kandi ibyo byatumye zidacapwa cyane. Abo bahanga ntibigeze baha agaciro imihati Parker, Shadwell n’abandi bashyizeho kugira ngo basubize izina bwite ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza.

Niba wifuza kumenya byinshi, ushobora kureba videwo y’iminota icumi ifite umutwe uvuga ngo: Inzu ndangamurage iri i Warwick: “Bibiliya n’izina ry’Imana.”