Bifuzaga ko Ijambo ry’Imana ritagera kuri rubanda

UKO igihe cyagendaga gihita, hagiye hashyirwaho imihati yo guhindura Bibiliya mu ndimi zitandukanye zavugwaga na rubanda. Abashoboraga gusoma Bibiliya mu ndimi z’umwimerere yanditswemo, ari zo igiheburayo n’ikigiriki, bari bake. Iyo Bibiliya iza kuba iboneka gusa mu giheburayo n’ikigiriki, abenshi muri twe ntitwari gusobanukirwa Ijambo ry’Imana ari ryo Bibiliya mu buryo butworoheye.

Hafi imyaka 300 Mbere ya Yesu, abantu batangiye guhindura Ibyanditswe bya giheburayo mu rurimi rw’ikigiriki. Bibiliya bahinduye muri urwo rurimi izwi ku izina rya Septante. Imyaka igera kuri 700 nyuma yaho, Jérôme yahinduye Bibiliya izwi cyane yitwa Vulgate. Yafashe Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo n’ibya Kigiriki, abihindura mu rurimi rw’ikilatini rwavugwaga cyane mu Bwami bwa Roma icyo gihe.

Nyuma yaho, ururimi rw’ikilatini rwatangiye gucika muri rubanda rwa giseseka rusigara ruvugwa n’abantu bake gusa bize, maze abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika banga ko Bibiliya ihindurwa mu zindi ndimi. Abo bayobozi b’idini bavugaga ko indimi eshatu: igiheburayo, ikigiriki n’ikilatini ari zo ndimi zonyine Bibiliya ikwiriye kwandikwamo.a

Guhindura Bibiliya byateje amacakubiri muri Kiliziya

Mu kinyejana cya cyenda, abamisiyonari b’i Tesalonike ari bo Cyrille na Méthode, bakoreraga Kiliziya y’i Burasirazuba yo mu mugi wa Byzance, bashishikarije abantu gukoresha ururimi rw’igisilave mu bikorwa bya kiliziya. Bari bafite intego yo gufasha abaturage b’Abasilave bo mu Burayi bw’Iburasirazuba kumenya Imana mu rurimi rwabo, kuko batumvaga ikigiriki cyangwa ikilatini.

Icyakora abo bamisiyonari barwanyijwe cyane n’abapadiri b’Abadage, bashakaga ko hakoreshwa ikilatini kugira ngo bahangane n’Abakristo b’i Byzance, bagendaga barushaho kugira imbaraga. Biragaragara neza ko abo bapadiri bahaga agaciro ibya politiki, kuruta kwigisha abantu ibijyanye n’iyobokamana. Amakimbirane hagati y’abiyitaga Abakristo bo mu gice cy’iburengerazuba n’abo mu gice cy’iburasirazuba yakajije umurego, bituma mu mwaka wa 1054, Abagatolika b’i Roma bitandukanya n’Aborutodogisi b’iburasirazuba.

Barwanyije gahunda yo guhindura Bibiliya

Amaherezo Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma yaje gufata ikilatini nk’ururimi rutagatifu. Ku bw’ibyo, igihe mu mwaka wa 1079 Vratislaus wari igikomangoma mu bwami bwa Bohême yasabaga uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ururimi rw’igisilave mu misa, Papa Grégoire wa VII yaramushubije ati “ntidushobora kubikwemerera.” Kuki yamwimye ubwo burenganzira?

Papa Grégoire wa VII yakomeje agira ati “iyo umuntu abitekerejeho yitonze, abona ko Imana yasanze bikwiriye ko habaho abantu badasobanukiwe Ibyanditswe Byera, kuko abantu bose baramutse babisobanukiwe byata agaciro kandi bigasuzugurwa. Nanone byagusha abaswa mu makosa, bitewe no kutabisobanukirwa neza.”

Hashyizweho imihati myinshi kugira ngo Bibiliya itagera kuri rubanda, kandi uko ni ko byakomeje kugenda. Ibyo byatumye abayobozi b’idini bagira ububasha busesuye ku baturage. Ntibashakaga ko rubanda bagira icyo bamenya ku byo abo bayobozi bumvaga ko ari bo bonyine bagomba kumenya.

Mu mwaka wa 1199, Papa Innocent wa III yanditse avuga ibirebana n’abo yise abahakanyi bari barahinduye Bibiliya mu gifaransa, kandi bagatangara kujya bayiganiraho. Innocent yaberekejeho amagambo ya Yesu agira ati “ikintu cyera ntimukagihe imbwa, cyangwa ngo amasaro yanyu muyajugunye imbere y’ingurube” (Matayo 7:6). Ni iki yashakaga kuvuga? Yashakaga kuvuga ko “umuntu usanzwe kandi w’inkandagirabitabo atagombye kirushya atekereza ku Gitabo Gitagatifu cy’agaciro katagereranywa, cyangwa ngo acyigishe abandi.” Abatarubahirizaga itegeko rya papa akenshi byashyikirizwaga inzego za kiliziya zigamije kurwanya ubuhakanyi, maze ikabababaza urubozo kugira ngo bihakana. Abihagararagaho ntibihakane, batwikwaga ari bazima.

Ababaga batunze Bibiliya n’abayisomaga barwanyijwe igihe kirekire. Ababarwanyaga bakundaga kugira urwitazo iyo baruwa Papa Innocent yanditse, kugira ngo babuzanye gusoma Bibiliya no kuyihindura mu zindi ndimi. Nyuma gato y’uko Innocent aciye iryo teka, Bibiliya zari zarahinduwe mu ndimi zakoreshwaga na rubanda zatangiye gutwikwa, n’abari bazitunze batangira gutwikwa. Mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, abasenyeri n’abandi bayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bo mu Burayi bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Bibiliya zose zitwikwe, nk’uko Papa Innocent wa III yari yabitegetse.

Abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bari bazi neza ko inyigisho bigishaga zitari zishingiye kuri Bibiliya, ahubwo ko zari zishingiye ku migenzo ya kiliziya. Nta gushidikanya ko iyo ari imwe mu mpamvu zatumaga batemerera abayoboke babo gutunga Bibiliya. Iyo abo bayoboke babo baza kuyisoma, bari kumenya ko inyigisho z’idini ryabo zihabanye n’inyigisho zo mu Byanditswe.

Uruhare rw’Ivugurura

Umwaduko w’Abaporotesitanti watumye mu Burayi haba ihinduka rikomeye mu by’idini. Kuba Martin Luther yaragerageje kuvugurura Kiliziya Gatolika, ndetse akaza kwitandukanya na yo mu mwaka wa 1521, ahanini byatewe n’uko yari amaze gusobanukirwa Ibyanditswe. Ku bw’ibyo, igihe Luther wari umuhinduzi w’umuhanga yari amaze kwitandukanya burundu na Kiliziya Gatolika, yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Bibiliya igere kuri rubanda rwa giseseka.

Luther amaze guhindura Bibiliya mu kidage igakwirakwizwa hirya no hino, byahangayikishije abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Abo bayobozi bumvaga ko iyo Bibiliya ye yagombye gusimburwa n’indi yemewe na kiliziya. Bidatinze, hahise hasohoka Bibiliya ebyiri zihinduye mu kidage. Ariko mu mwaka wa 1546, hashize imyaka itageze kuri 25, mu nama ya Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma yabereye i Trente, hafashwe umwanzuro w’uko kiliziya ari yo igomba kugenzura imirimo yo gucapa ibitabo by’idini hakubiyemo n’imirimo yo guhindura Bibiliya.

Iyo Nama y’ i Trente yatanze itegeko rivuga “ko kuva icyo gihe Bibiliya . . . izajya icapwa neza uko bishoboka kose, kandi ko nta muntu wemerewe gucapa cyangwa ngo asabe ko bamucapira igitabo icyo ari cyo cyose gitagatifu, adashyizeho izina rye. Nta n’uwari wemerewe kugurisha igitabo nk’icyo cyangwa ngo hagire ugitunga kitabanje gusuzumwa no kwemerwa [na musenyeri wo mu gace atuyemo].”

Mu mwaka wa 1559, Papa Paul wa IV yasohoye urutonde rwa mbere rw’ibitabo bitemewe na Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Inyandiko y’urwo rutonde yabuzaga abantu gutunga Bibiliya zihinduye mu cyongereza, icyesipanyoli, igifaransa, igiholandi, igitaliyani, ikidage ndetse na Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zo mu kilatini. Umuntu wese washakaga gusoma Bibiliya yabwirwaga ko agomba kubanza gusaba uburenganzira bwanditse abasenyeri cyangwa inzego za kiliziya zigamije kurwanya ubuhakanyi, ibyo bikaba byari kugora umuntu wese utarashakaga ko bamukekaho ubuhakanyi.

Abantu batinyukaga gutunga cyangwa gukwirakwiza Bibiliya zihinduye mu ndimi zo muri rubanda zakoreshwaga mu karere k’iwabo, babaga biyemeje guhangana n’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bari barariye karungu. Abenshi muri bo barafashwe, barabohwa, bamanikwa ku biti maze baratwikwa, naho abandi bakatirwa gufungwa burundu. Bibiliya zari zarafatiriwe na zo zaratwitswe. Abapadiri ba Kiliziya Gatolika bakomeje gufatira Bibiliya no kuzitwika kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20.

Ariko kandi, ibyo ntibishatse kuvuga ko Abaporotesitanti bakundaga Bibiliya cyangwa ko bayirwaniriraga. Mu kinyejana cya 18 n’icya 19, bamwe mu bahanga mu bya tewolojiya b’Abaporotesitanti batangije uburyo bwo kwiga Bibiliya bwaje kwitwa “ijora ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru.” Nyuma yaho, abantu benshi baje kwemera inyigisho zashyigikiraga ibitekerezo bya Darwin bivuga ko ubuzima butabayeho biturutse ku irema, ahubwo ko bwabayeho Umuremyi atabigizemo uruhare.

Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya hamwe n’abayobozi b’amadini benshi bigishije ko inkuru nyinshi zivugwa muri Bibiliya ari impimbano. Ku bw’ibyo, kumva abayobozi b’Abaporotesitanti ndetse n’abayoboke babo bavuga ko inkuru zo muri Bibiliya zidahuje n’amateka, si ibintu bitangaje.

Ushobora kuba umaze kwibonera uko abantu bagiye bajora Bibiliya, bavuga ko ibivugwamo bidahuje n’ukuri. Nanone ushobora kuba watunguwe no kumenya imihati abantu babayeho mu binyejana bishize bashyizeho kugira ngo bayice burundu. Ariko kandi, ibyo bakoze byose nta cyo byagezeho. Na n’ubu iracyariho.

Kuki Bibiliya yarokotse?

Ni iby’ukuri ko abantu benshi bakundaga Bibiliya, kandi bakaba baremeye guhara amagara yabo kugira ngo bayirwanirire. Ariko kuba ikiriho, ntibyatewe n’uko abantu bayikundaga. Impamvu imwe rukumbi yatumye Bibiliya irokoka, ni uko abantu bose bagize uruhare mu kwandika ibitabo biyigize, babyanditse bahumekewe n’Imana.—Yesaya 40:8; 1 Petero 1:25.

Gusoma Bibiliya no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yigisha bizatuma turushaho kubaho neza, tugire amagara mazima kandi turusheho kubana neza n’abagize imiryango yacu. Imana yifuza ko Bibiliya ikomeza kubaho, kandi igahindurwa mu ndimi nyinshi uko bishoboka kose, kugira ngo abantu bose bige gukunda Imana no kuyikorera, kandi amaherezo bazabone imigisha y’iteka yabateganyirije. Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo ari byo twese twifuza!

Mu isengesho Yesu yatuye Se wo mu ijuru, yaravuze ati “ijambo ryawe ni ukuri” (Yohana 17:17). Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga Ibyanditswe Yesu yasomaga kandi akabyigisha, ni igitabo Imana yandikishije kugira ngo abantu b’imitima itaryarya babone ibisubizo by’ibibazo bibaza.

Turagutera inkunga yo kwiga byinshi kurushaho ku birebana n’ubutumwa Imana yageneye abantu buboneka muri Bibiliya. Abahamya ba Yehova, ari na bo bakwirakwiza iyi gazeti, biteguye kubigufashamo.b

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Hashyizweho imihati myinshi kugira ngo Bibiliya itagera kuri rubanda, maze bituma abayobozi b’idini babagiraho ububasha

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 8]

Iyo abantu bafatanwaga Bibiliya cyangwa bagafatwa bazikwirakwiza, bamanikwaga ku biti maze bagatwikwa, cyangwa bagakatirwa gufungwa burundu

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 9]

IBISUBIZO BIBILIYA ITANGA

Umuremyi yifuza ko tubona ibisubizo by’ibi bibazo by’ingenzi:

● Kuki turi ku isi?

● Kuki hariho imibabaro myinshi?

● Abapfuye bari he?

● Iyi si iragana he?

Bibiliya isubiza ibyo bibazo, kandi igatanga inama z’ingirakamaro z’ukuntu wabona ibyishimo nyakuri.

[Imbonerahamwe/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 6 n’iya 7]

UKO BIBILIYA YAGIYE IRWANYWA

Ahagana mu wa 636

Isidore w’i Seville yavuze ko igiheburayo, ikigiriki n’ikilatini ari indimi “ntagatifu,” bityo zikaba ari zo zonyine Bibiliya Ntagatifu igomba kwandikwamo

Mu wa 1079

Papa Grégoire wa VII yahakanye amaramaje icyifuzo cya Vratislaus cyo gukoresha ururimi rw’igisilave muri kiliziya, avuga ko “abaswa” batagombye kumenya ibikubiye mu Byanditswe

Mu wa 1199

Abatinyutse guhindura Bibiliya no kuyiganiraho, Papa Innocent wa III yabise abahakanyi. Incuro nyinshi, abantu batubahirizaga itegeko rye bababazwaga urubozo kandi bakicwa

Mu wa 1546

Inama y’i Trente yaciye iteka rivuga ko umuntu wese wifuza gucapa Bibiliya, agomba kubanza guhabwa uburenganzira na Kiliziya Gatolika

Mu wa 1559

Papa Paul wa IV yaciye iteka ribuzanya gutunga Bibiliya mu ndimi zivugwa na rubanda. Bibiliya zihinduye mu ndimi zakoreshwaga na rubanda zarafatiriwe ziratwikwa, kandi abenshi mu bari bazitunze batwikanwa na zo

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Pope Gregory VII: © Scala/White Images/Art Resource, NY; Pope Innocent III: © Scala/Art Resource, NY; Council of Trent: © Scala/White Images/Art Resource, NY; Pope Paul IV: © The Print Collector, Great Britain/HIP/Art Resource, NY

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 8 yavuye]

Byavuye mu Gitabo cy’abahowe Imana cya Foxe