Mwezi gwa 8
Lwa Kani, Lusiku 1 Mwezi gwa 8
Ecitabu c’okukengeza cayandikwa embere zage enyanya z’abayoboha Yehova n’enyanya z’abarhanya bwenene okw’izino lyage.—Mal. 3:16, NWT.
Yehova anakayandika omu “citabu c’okukengeza ebinwa” amazino g’abantu bakolesa enderho zabo omu njira eyerekine oku bamuyobohire banali barhanya okubiyerekire izino lyage. Ka wanarhanya bulya gurhi ajira ntyo? Enderho zirhu zinayerekane ebirhuli omu murhima. Yezu aderha ntya: “Omuntu arhaderha ecirhamuli omu murhima!” (Mt. 12:34) Yehova aba alonzize abamuzigira bayish’ishagalukira akalamo ensiku n’amango omw’igulu lihyahya. Enjira rhuderhamwo yanayerekana erhi Yehova ayemera enterekêro yirhu, erhi arhayiyemere. (Yk. 1:26) Bantu baguma na baguma barhaba bazigire Nnâmahanga banakaderha omu njira y’obukali, mbi, na ya bucibone. (2 Tm. 3:1-5) Rhurhalonzizi okuyiga olwiganyo lwabo. Rhujira irala ly’okushagalusa Yehova kugerera enderho zirhu. Cikoki, ka rhwanashagalusa Yehova erhi rhwakakakolesa enderho nyinja amango rhuli oku ntimanano z’Ecikristu erhi omu mukolo gw’amahubiri, cikone rhuderhe omu njira y’obukali na ya kubula obuzigire amango rhuli rhwaganira n’abantu b’omu mulala gwirhu amango ntaye oli warhuyumva erhi kurhubona?—1 Pt. 3:7. w22.04 buk. 5 cif. 4-5
Lwa Karhanu, Nsiku 2 Mwezi gwa 8
Amahembe ikumi wabonaga na cirya ciryanyi, bikolaga byashomba nyamukazi namuhushà, bimutûngôle, bimusige mushugunu, birye enyama zage binamuyôkere oku cîko.—Maf. 17:16.
Nyamuzinda ahebire omu mirhima y’amahembe ikumi n’eciryanyi omuhigo g’okushereza Babiloni Mukulu. Kobinali, Yehova ayish’ishumya amashanja gakolese eciryanyi cidukula-cidukula, ko kuderha, Ecinyabuguma c’Amashanja lyo bahira ecirhero oku madîni goshi gʼobunywesi nʼokugashereza loshi-loshi. (Maf. 18:21-24) Bici ebyo bihugwîre kuli rhwe? Rhushinganine rhugendekere rhwalunga okuboko “idini licîre lirhanalikwo ibala [izabyo] omu masu ga Larha Nyamuzinda.” (Yk. 1:27) Rhurhakalonza ciru n’ehitya enyigirizo z’obunywesi, amadinye g’ecipagani, olugenzi lw’eby’enshonyi, n’ebijiro by’obukurungu bya Babiloni Mukulu bikarhushumya! Rhunalonzize rhugendekere rhwabwira abandi bantu oku ‘barhenge muli ye,’ lyo Nnâmahanga arhagiyish’ibahanira haguma.—Maf. 18:4. w22.05 buk. 11 cif. 17; buk. 14 cif. 18
Lwa Kalindarhu, Nsiku 3 Mwezi gwa 8
Nâkâderha ebijiro binja [ebijiro by’obuzigire bwishwekerezi, NWT] bya Nyamuzinda.—Iz. 63:7, Mashi Bible.
Mwe babusi, mukalonza obulyo bw’okuyigiriza abana binyu okubiyerekire Yehova na lugenda ebintu binja amujirire. (Lush. 6:6, 7) Oko kuli kwa bulagirire bwenene oku babusi b’iba erhi bakabo barhakolera Yehova, erhi akaba orhakahash’iyigiriza abana bawe Ebibliya ahaka ngasi mango. Mwali wirhu muguma ohamagalwa Christine, adesire ntya: “Obulyo bw’okuganirira ebintu by’ekiroho bwali busungunu bwenene n’oko kwakarhuma nakolesa ngasi kasanzi koshi rhwagwerhe.” Na kandi, okaderha ebintu binja okubiyerekire ikubuliro lya Yehova n’okubiyerekire bene wirhu na bali birhu. Orhakag’iderha-derha kubi abagula. Ebi oderha lugenda abagula byanarhabala abana bawe bakagend’ibaganiza amango bali omu bulagirire. Ogendekeze omurhûla omu mwawe. Ngasi mango, okayereka balo n’abana bawe oku oba obazigire. Okaderha balo omu njira nyinja na ya bukenge onarhabale abana bawe nabo bakajira ntyo. Erhi wakajira ntyo, omu mwinyu mwanaba omurhûla, na kandi kwanakaba kulembu kuli we okuyigiriza abana bawe okubiyerekire Yehova.—Yk. 3:18. w22.04 buk. 18 cif. 10-11
Lw’Iyinga, Nsiku 4 Mwezi gwa 8
Ebijiro byawe mbimanyire.—Maf. 3:1.
Omwanzi Yezu abwiraga ecigamba c’e Efezi, gwal’iyerekine oku bakag’ilembera, bagendekire bakolera Yehova buzira kuleka, ciru akaba bali omu mazibu manji. Ciru akaba ntyo, bali bamaheza obuzigire bagwerhe burhanzi kuli Nnâmahanga. Bal’ishinganine bacib’igalukira obo buzigire bagwerhe. Buzira kujira ntyo, Yehova arhakayemire enterekêro yabo. Ko n’oko ene, nirhu rhushinganine rhujire binji ahanyuma n’okulembera. Rhushinganine rhulembere erhi rhunagwerhe ebirhumire binja by’okujira ntyo. Nnâmahanga wirhu arhashagalukira ebi rhujira byone, cikone kandi anashagalukire ebirhushumya rhubijire. Ebirhushumya biba bya bulagirire omu masu gage, bulya aba alonzize rhumuhe enterekêro bulya rhuba rhumuzigire rhunamuvuzire omunkwa. (Mig. 16:2; Mk. 12:29, 30) Rhushinganine rhugendekere rhwaba masu. Abakristu b’omu cigamba c’e Sardi bagwerhe amazibu gali lubero. Ciru akaba embere bagwerhe obushiru omu mukolo bakag’ijirira Yehova, bahikira aha babuheza. Yezu ababwira oku ‘babe masu.’ (Maf. 3:1-3) Kobinali, Yehova arhakayibagira omukolo gwirhu.—Hb. 6:10. w22.05 buk. 3 cif. 6-7
Lwa Kasi, Nsiku 5 Mwezi gwa 8
Ngasi mukolo gujira obûnguke.—Mig. 14:23.
Solomoni adesire oku omwishingo rhwakakûla omu mukolo gwirhu muzibu eba “ngalo ya Nyamuzinda.” (Muh. 5:18, 19) Solomoni al’imanyire oku ezo nderho ziri z’okuli. Ali mukozi! Ayubasire enyumpa, arhwera amashwa g’emizabibu, ajira amabustani, asîka n’ebisima by’amishi. Ayubasire ciru n’amavile. (1 Bam. 9:19; Muh. 2:4-6) Ogo gwali mukolo muzibu, na buzira karhinda, gwarhumire arhimukwa omu njira ndebe. Cikone Solomoni arhal’ilangalire oku eyo mikolo yone yanamuha omwishingo. Anajirire Yehova bintu binji. Kwa lwiganyo, ayusize myaka nda ali alongoza omukolo gw’okuyubakira Yehova ehekalu nyinja bwenene! (1 Bam. 6:38; 9:1) Enyuma z’okujira emikolo y’omubiri n’ey’ekiroho, Solomoni ahugûkwa oku emikolo y’ekiroho yo y’obulagirire bwenene kulusha ey’omubiri. Ayandika ntya: “Okushwinja emyanzi: byoshi biyumvikine. Orhinye Nyamuzinda onashimbe amarhegeko gage.”—Muh. 12:13. w22.05 buk. 22 cif. 8
Lwa Kabirhi, Nsiku 6 Mwezi gwa 8
Nnâmahanga ammubabaliraga muli Kristu.—Ef. 4:32.
Ebibliya erimwo nyinganyo nyinji z’abantu Yehova ababalire buzira kusezibwa. Ndi okengire? Nkaba orhanyize okubiyerekire Mwami Manasé. Manasé ali muntu mubi wagomeraga Yehova omu njira nyinji mbi bwenene. Aharamya rhunnâmahanga rhw’obunywesi anashumya abandi nabo bajire ntyo. Aniga abana bage yenene omu kubahâna nterekêro kuli rhunnâmahanga rhw’obunywesi. Ciru ahikira aha ahira ensanamu ya hinnâmahanga hy’obunywesi omu hekalu ntagatifu ya Yehova. Okubimuyerekire, Ebibliya edesire ntya: “Ajira mabi manji omu masu ga Nyamubâho, galya ga okumukuniza.” (2 Nga. 33:2-7) Cikone, erhi Manasé aciyunjuza n’omurhima goshi, Yehova amubabalira buzira kusezibwa. (2 Nga. 33:12, 13) Nkaba ocibir’irhanya okubiyerekire Mwami Daudi, wagomeraga Yehova erhi ajira ebyaha bizibu, bihiziremwo obuhushi n’obunizi. Cikone, erhi Daudi aciyunjuza n’omurhima goshi n’okuyemera amagosa gage, naye Yehova amubabalira. (2 Sam. 12:9, 10, 13, 14) Kobinali, rhwanayemera n’obwalagale oku Yehova aba alonzize okubabalira. w22.06 buk. 3 cif. 7
Lwa Kasharhu, Nsiku 7 Mwezi gwa 8
Ninyu mube balembêdu; museze omurhima omu nda.—Yk. 5:8, Mashi Bible.
Ensiku zoshi, kurhaba kulembu okugendekera rhwazibuhya obulangalire bwirhu. Amango rhuli rhwalinda okuhikirizibwa kw’ebiragane bya Nnâmahanga, nkaba rhwanavunika omurhima. Cikone, Yehova aba w’ensiku n’amango n’oku abona akasanzi arhali ko rhukabona. (2 Pt. 3:8, 9) Ahikiriza ebiragane byage omu njira nyinja bwenene, cikone nkaba arhali omu kasanzi rhulangalire oku ly’ajira ntyo. Omu mango rhuli rhwalinda oku Nnâmahanga ahikiriza ebiragane byage, bici byakarhurhabala lyo rhugendekera rhwazibuhya obulangalire bwirhu? (Yk. 5:7) Rhugendekere rhwayegera Yehova, bulya ye wahikiriza obo bulangalire bwirhu. Lyo rhuba n’obulangalire, rhugwasirwe rhuyemere oku ho Yehova aba n’oku ‘anahembe abamulonza.’ (Hb. 11:1, 6) Oku rhwagendekera okuyemera oku Yehova aba muntu w’okunali, ko rhwanagendekera okulangalira oku ahikiriza ebi arhulaganyize byoshi. Lyo rhugendekera rhwazibuhya obulangalire bwirhu, rhugwasirwe rhukayegera Yehova kugerera isala n’okusoma Akanwa kage. Ciru akaba rhurhabona Yehova, rhwanamuyegera. Rhwanaganira naye kugerera isala erhi rhunayemire n’obwalagale oku arhuyumvirhiza.—Yer. 29:11, 12. w22.10 buk. 26-27 cif. 11-13
Lwa Kani, Nsiku 8 Mwezi gwa 8
Ayubu abumbûla akanwa, ajacira olusiku àburhagwa.—Ayu. 3:1.
Obone Ayubu omu bwenge bwawe. Atamire omu luvu, n’amalumwa gage garhali gahwa. (Ayu. 2:8) Abîra bage bagendekire okumuyeresa oku ali muntu mubi banali bamuhegeza irenge. Amazibu Ayubu alimwo gali mazirho nka mabuye n’obu acigwerhe n’ebihulu oku murhima enyanya z’okuheza abana bage. Oku murhondero, Ayubu arhaderhaga kantu koshi-koshi. (Ayu. 2:13) Nkaba abo bîra bage b’obunywesi barhanyize mpu okuhulika kwage kuyerekine oku alahira Omulemi wage, bacirhebire bwenene. Mango malebe, byanahashikana Ayubu ayinamula amalanga, alaba abo bîra bage b’obunywesi, anaderha erhi: “Kuhika nninde nfâ, ntamango nanaleke obwishwekerezi bwani!” (Ayu. 27:5, NWT) Bici byarhabire Ayubu abe n’oburhwali bwa ntyo n’emisi mw’ago malibuko goshi? Ciru n’omu mango al’ivunisire omurhima bwenene, arhahezagya obulangalire oku, buzinda Nnâmahanga wage w’obuzigire akayusize ago malibuko gage. Al’imanyire oku ciru akafâ, Yehova akamufûzire.—Ayu. 14:13-15. w22.06 buk. 22 cif. 9
Lwa Karhanu, Nsiku 9 Mwezi gwa 8
Alagi oku mwakashenga: “Larha, oli omu mpingu, Izino lyawe likuzibwe, Obwami bwawe buyishe, Obulonza bwawe bube.”—Mt. 6:9, 10.
Rhwahâbirwe olukengwa lwinja bwenene, ko kuderha okuyegera Omulemi w’empingu n’igulu kugerera isala. Rhanya k’oku: Rhwanabwira Yehova ebirhuli emurhima byoshi akasanzi rhulonzize n’omu lulimi rhulonzize. Rhwanamushenga ciru akaba rhuli oku ncingo omu hopitali erhi ciru akaba rhuli omu prizo, n’okuba n’obulangalire oku Larha wirhu w’obuzigire arhuyumvirhiza. Rhuba rhushagalukire bwenene eyo ngalo yirhu y’isala. Mwami Daudi al’ishagalukire olukengwa lw’okuyegera Yehova kugerera isala. Ayimbire Yehova ntya: “Isala lyani libe nka bukû burheganye embere zawe.” (Enna. 141:1, 2, NWT) Omu mango ga Daudi, obukû butagatifu abakuhani bakag’ikolesa omu nterekêro y’okuli bakag’iburheganya bwinja-bwinja. (Lub. 30:34, 35) Omu kuganirira obukû, Daudi al’ilonzize okuyerekana oku alishinganine akarhanya bwinja-bwinja kw’ebi abwira Ishe w’omu mpingu kugerera isala. Ntyo ko nirhu rhuba rhulonzize okujira. Rhuba rhulonzize amasala girhu gashagaluse Yehova. w22.07 buk. 20 cif. 1-2; buk. 21 cif. 4
Lwa Kalindarhu, Nsiku 10 Mwezi gwa 8
Okucihôla kuli kwani! Niene nayish’ilyûla ngasi muntu nk’oku akwanine. Nyakasane [Yehova, NWT] okudesire.—Rm. 12:19.
Rhuleke Yehova acihôle. Yehova arhaba arhuhire oluhuma lw’okucihôla erhi muntu mulebe akarhugokeza. (Rm. 12:20, 21) Rhurhajira obuhashe bw’okuciranûla ebintu omu njira eshinganine, nk’oku Nnâmahanga ajira, bulya rhurhaba rhuhugûsirwe ebintu byoshi rhurhanaba bimana. (Hb. 4:13) Hali n’amango entanya zirhu zirhuma rhurhaciranûla ebintu bwinja. Kugerera iroho lyage litagatifu, Yehova alongoza Yakobo okuyandika ntya: “Obukunizi bw’omuntu burhajira omukolo gw’obushinganyanya bwa Nnâmahanga.” (Yk. 1:20) Rhwanayemera n’obwalagale oku Yehova ajira ebintu bishinganine n’okujira obushinganyanya buhikirizibwe. Okubabalira kunayerekane oku rhulangalire obushinganyanya bwa Yehova. Omukuleka ebintu omu maboko ga Yehova, rhunayerekane oku rhulangalire oku ayish’ikûla amazibu goshi gadwirhwe n’ecaha. Omw’igulu lihyahya arhulaganyize, ebirhulumisa omurhima ‘ntaye wacibikengêre, byoshi byahera omu bukengêre.’—Iz. 65:17, Mashi Bible. w22.06 buk. 10-11 cif. 11-12
Lw’Iyinga, Nsiku 11 Mwezi gwa 8
Mwashombwe na boshi erhi izino lyani lirhuma.—Mt. 24:9.
Okubona oku rhushombirwe n’abantu, kurhuyemezize n’obwalagale oku rhuyemirwe na Yehova. (Mt. 5:11, 12) Shetani ye shumya abantu barhuhagalike. Cikone Yezu ye gwerhe misi minji bwenene kulusha Ibilisi! Kugerera oburhabale bwa Yezu, omwanzi mwinja guli gwahikira abantu b’amashanja goshi. Rhulole ebiyerekine ntyo. Agandi mazibu rhurhimanana nago omu mukolo gw’amahubiri kuli kubona oku bantu banji banaderhe endimi ziri lubero n’olu rhumanyire. Omu mafulûlo Yezu ayeresagya entumwa Yowane, alebire oku omu nsiku zirhu, omwanzi mwinja gwakahimire eco cihanzo. (Maf. 14:6, 7) Omu njira zihi? Rhuli rhwajira okwirhu koshi lyo rhurhabala bantu banji bayumve omwanzi mwinja gw’Obwami. Ene, abantu omw’igulu lyoshi banasoma emyanzi eyimangire oku Bibliya eri oku site jw.org, bulya eyo site egwerhe emyanzi omu ndimi zirhalusire 1 000! Embaraza Eri Yalongoza yayemire oku ecitabu cirhu c’obulagirire bwenene c’okuyigirigizamwo cidesire, Oshagalukire Akalamo Ensiku n’Amango! cihindulwe omu ndimi 700 na kulusha! w22.07 buk. 9 cif. 6-7
Lwa Kasi, Nsiku 12 Mwezi gwa 8
Obwôloloke buba omu kujira bahanûzi [banji].—Mig. 11:14.
Yezu akag’iyumviza abantu obwonjo. Entumwa Mateyo edesire ntya: “Erhi abona orhutu rhw’abantu, obwonjo bwamugwarha, bulya bâli bahugalire banashiramire [kugongôlwa k’oluhu, NWT] nka buso burhagwerhi mungere.” (Mt. 9:36) Gurhi Yehova naye aciyumva? Yezu adesire ntya: “Burhali bulonza bwa Sho w’empingu mpu muguma muli aba barhorho ahere.” (Mt. 18:14) Oko kurhuhire omurhima bwenene! Erhi rhwakahikira aha rhwamanya Yezu bwinja, obuzigire bwirhu kuli Yehova bwanayushuka. Kandi, okumanya bwinja bene winyu na bali binyu bakuzire kiroho omu cigamba cinyu, kwanakurhabala oyushule obuzigire bwawe n’okuba Mukristu okuzire kiroho. Okalaba omwishingo bagwerhe, barhaciyunjuza lugenda omuhigo barhôzire gw’okukolera Yehova. Okababwira bakuganirire ebi bacibwinire omu mukolo gwa Yehova. Amango bihûnyire orhôle omuhigo gw’obulagirire, okabahûna amahano. Okakengera oku, ‘obwôloloke buba omu kujira bahanûzi [banji].’ w22.08 buk. 3 cif. 6-7
Lwa Kabirhi, Nsiku 13 Mwezi gwa 8
Amasu ga Nyakasanze [Yehova, NWT] ganalolereze abashinganyanya.—1 Pt. 3:12, Mashi Bible.
Ngasi muguma wirhu arhimanana na mazibu malebe. Cikone, nta mango rhwakalwisa amazibu girhu oku buhashe bwirhu rhwene. Ensiku zoshi, Yehova anarhushibirire nka nkula ishe w’omwana ashibirira omwana wage. Aba hofi na nirhu, aba mubidu okuyumvirhiza ensengero zirhu z’okumuhûna oburhabale, anaba mubidu okurhurhabala. (Iz. 43:2) Rhuyemire n’obwalagale oku rhwanahash’ilwisa amazibu girhu bulya anarhuhe ngasi kantu rhulagirireko lyo rhugalembera. Arhuhîre engalo y’isala, Ebibliya, ebiryo binji bwenene by’ekiroho, n’omulala gulimw’obuzigire gwa bene wirhu na bali birhu lyo birhurhabala omu mango g’amazibu. Rhuvuzire omunkwa okubona rhugwerhe Larha w’omu mpingu orhulanga! “Ye rhuma rhwashagaluka.” (Enna. 33:21, Mashi Bible) Rhwanayeresa Yehova oku rhuba rhushagalukire enjira y’obuzigire arhushibiriramwo omu kujira okwirhu koshi lyo rhuyunguka n’ebi arhuha byoshi. Na nirhu rhushinganine rhujire ecirhu cigabi lyo Nnâmahanga agendekera arhushibirira. Omu zindi nderho, erhi rhwakagendekera rhwajira okwirhu koshi lyo rhurhumikira Yehova n’okujira ebintu binja omu masu gage, anarhulanga ensiku n’amango! w22.08 buk. 13 cif. 15-16
Lwa Kasharhu, Nsiku 14 Mwezi gwa 8
Okuli lyo ifûndo ly’akanwa kawe.—Enna. 119:160.
Bantu banji ene barhamanyiri ndi bakalangalira. Banacidose erhi abantu bakenga, kwa lwiganyo abantu b’epolitike, abasomire eby’esiyanse, n’abarhimbuzi erhi kobinali banajire ebintu oku bunguke bw’abandi. Na kandi, barhakenga ebirongozi by’amadîni gaciderha oku gaba ga Cikristu. Co cirhumire, rhurhakasomerwa okubona barhalangalira Ebibliya, citabu ebyo birongozi by’amadîni biderha oku binakulikire. Rhuli bakozi ba Yehova rhuba rhuyemire n’obwalagale oku aba “Nyamuzinda w’okunali” n’oku ensiku zoshi anajire ebintu oku bunguke bwirhu. (Enna. 31:5, Mashi Bible; Iz. 48:17) Rhuba rhumanyire oku rhwanalangalira ebi rhusoma omu Bibliya. Rhuyemire ezi nderho musomi muguma w’Ebibliya ayandikaga: “Nta kantu Nnâmahanga adesire kaba ka bunywesi erhi kakabula buhikirira. Abakozi ba Nnâmahanga banalangalira ebi Nnâmahanga adesire bulya baba balangalire Nnâmahanga wabiderhaga.” w23.01 buk. 2 cif. 1-2
Lwa Kani, Nsiku 15 Mwezi gwa 8
Rhurhabalane rhwêne na rhwêne.—Hb. 10:24.
Rhunayubake bene wirhu na bali birhu erhi rhubarhabala basêze obuyemere bwabo muli Yehova. Baguma ba mulibo banashekerwe n’abantu barhali Bahamirizi. Abandi bali balwisa endwala ndarhi erhi bali bacihangana okuhima entanya mbi. Ciru n’abandi banagwerhe nsiku nyinji bali balinda obuzinda bw’er’igulu. Ebyo byoshi byanahira obuyemere bw’Abakristu omu marhangulo ene. Abakristu b’omu cigamba c’omu myaka igana mirhanzi nabo balwisize amazibu ga ntyo. Entumwa Paolo yakolesize Amandiko ly’arhabala bene wabo na bali babo basêze obuyemere bwabo. Kwa lwiganyo, nkaba Abakristu Bayahudi barhakag’imanya gurhi bakashuza abantu b’omu milala yabo barhali Bakristu bakag’iderha oku idîni ly’Eciyahudi lyo lyali linja kulusha ely’Ecikristu. Buzira karhinda amaruba Paolo ayandikiraga Abahabraniya gazibuhize bwenene abo Bakristu. (Hb. 1:5, 6; 2:2, 3; 9:24, 25) Bakakolesize ezo ntanya za Paolo zigwerhe obuhashe lyo bamanya oku bashuza abo bakag’ibahagalika. w22.08 buk. 23-24 cif. 12-14
Lwa Karhanu, Nsiku 16 Mwezi gwa 8
Yerino omuntu ocikubagira Nyakasane [Yehova, NWT].—Yer. 17:7.
Mw’er’igulu lya Shetani, abantu barhayishi ndi bakalangalira. Ngasi mango banakavunika omurhima enyanya z’olugenzi lw’abarhunzi, lw’ebirongozi by’epolitike, n’ebirongozi by’amadîni. Kandi bantu banji banabone oku barhakalangalira abîra babo, abalungu babo, ciru n’abantu b’omu milala yabo. Oko kurhakarhusomeza. Ebibliya yalebire ntya: “Omu nsiku nzinda . . . , abantu . . . bayish’iba . . . bayunjulirine bubi [barhali bishwekerezi, NWT], . . . badesi b’obunywesi, . . . ndyalya.” Oko kuli kuderha oku abantu bakabire n’oborhere buli nk’obwa Shetani, nnâmahanga w’er’igulu, orhakalangalirwa ciru n’ehitya. (2 Tm. 3:1-4; 2 Kr. 4:4) Cikone, rhuli Bakristu rhumanyire oku rhwanalangalira Yehova loshi-loshi. Rhuyemire n’obwalagale oku aba arhuzigire n’oku “arharhiba” abîra bage ciru n’ehitya. (Enna. 9:10, Mashi Bible) Kandi rhwanalangalira Kristu Yezu bulya ahânyire obuzine bwage erhi rhwe rhurhuma. (1 Pt. 3:18) Na kandi rhwacibwînire rhwene oku Ebibliya ehânyire obulongozi bw’okulangalirwa.—2 Tm. 3:16, 17. w22.09 buk. 2 cif. 1-2
Lwa Kalindarhu, Nsiku 17 Mwezi gwa 8
Ow’omwishingo ali ngasi muntu orhinya Yehova, olambagira omu njira zage.—Enna. 128:1, NWT.
Omwishingo gw’okunali burhaba bushagaluke kone omuntu ayumva omu kasanzi kalebe na buzinda buhwe. Gwanagendekera omu kalamo koshi k’omuntu. Bulya gurhi rhudesire ntyo? Yezu ahugwîre ntyo omu Mahubiri gage g’oku Ntondo erhi aderha ntya: “Ab’omwishingo bali balya bamanyire obulagirire bwabo bw’ekiroho.” (Mt. 5:3, NWT) Yezu al’imanyire oku abantu balemirwe n’irala linene ly’okumanya n’okuharamya Omulemi wabo, Yehova Nnâmahanga. Obo bo ‘bulagirire bwirhu bw’ekiroho.’ Na bulya Yehova aba “Nnâmahanga w’omwishingo,” abamuharamya nabo banaba n’omwishingo. (1 Tm. 1:11, NWT) Erhi rhwakaba rhurhagwerhi mazibu omu kalamo, ka lyone rhwakaba n’omwishingo? Nanga. Omu Mahubiri gage g’oku Ntondo, Yezu adesire oku ciru na “Balya bali burhê [abadwirhe balaka, NWT],” banaba n’omwishingo. Ntyo ko Yezu anadesire lugenda “abali balibuzibwa erhi bushinganyanya burhuma.” (Mt. 5:4, 10,11, Mashi Bible) Yezu alonzagya okurhuyigiriza oku, arhali okuba n’ehali nyinja omu kalamo ko kwakarhulerhera omwishingo gw’okunali, cikone rhwanaba n’omwishingo gw’okunali omu kuhikiriza obulagirire bwirhu bw’ekiroho n’okuyegera Nnâmahanga.—Yk. 4:8. w22.10 buk. 6 cif. 1-3
Lw’Iyinga, Nsiku 18 Mwezi gwa 8
Ow’obugerêreze [burhimanya] anakâcîhulikira.—Mig. 11:12.
Oburhimanya bunarhabale Omukristu amanye “amango g’okuganîra n’aga okuhulika.” (Muh. 3:7) Omu maeneo maguma na maguma, bantu banji baba bamanyire enderho zidesire oku “okuderha guba mulinga, n’okuhulika eba noro.” Kuli kuderha oku hali amango kuba kwinja omuntu ahulike ahali h’okuderha. Rhanya kw’olu lwiganyo. Kanji-kanji, mugula mulebe ogwerhe bulenga bunji anahûnwe oku arhabale ebindi bigamba bigwerhe amazibu madarhi. Okubiyerekire oyo mugula, owundi mugula adesire ntya: “Ngasi mango anabe masu ly’arhag’ifulûla emyanzi eyerekire ebindi bigamba.” Oburhimanya b’oyo mugula bwarhumire akakengwa n’abandi bene wirhu akola nabo omu mbaraza y’abagula y’ecigamba cage. Baba bayemire n’obwalagale oku arhabwire abandi emyanzi y’ihwe. Obwikubagirwa buli bundi borhere burhurhabala lyo rhuba ba kulangalirwa. Rhunalangalire omuntu mwikubagirwa bulya rhumanyire oku ensiku zoshi anaderhe okuli.—Ef. 4:25; Hb. 13:18. w22.09 buk. 12 cif. 14-15
Lwa Kasi, Nsiku 19 Mwezi gwa 8
Harhaba bwenge, erhi burhimanya, erhi ihano omu kuhagalika Yehova.—Mig. 21:30, NWT.
Bantu banji barhayumvirhiza amango obwenge bw’okunali “budwirhe bwayakûliza omu njira.” (Mig. 1:20) Kushimbana n’Ebibliya, hali bigusho bisharhu by’abantu barhayumvirhiza obwenge: ‘ebingolo-ngolo,’ “ba-cinya-masheka,” n’“abahwinja.” (Mig. 1:22-25) ‘Ebingolo-ngolo’ bali bantu bayemereza ngasi kantu, bakanashumikwa, erhi kurhebwa duba-duba. (Mig. 14:15) Kwa lwiganyo, orhanye oku miliyoni y’abantu bali barhebwa n’ebirongozi by’amadîni erhi birongozi by’epolitike. Bantu baguma na baguma banagaye bwenene erhi bamanya oku barhebirwe n’ebyo birongozi. Cikone abo baganirirwe omu lwandiko lw’Emigani 1:22 banacishoge okubêra bingolo-ngolo erhi bantu barhagwerhi bumanye bulya balonzize okubêra ntyo. (Yer. 5:31) Barhalonza okuyiga ebi Ebibliya edesire erhi okurhumikira amakanuni gayo. Kobinali, rhurhalonzizi rhuyige olwiganyo lw’abo balonza bonene okubêra buzira bumanye!—Mig. 1:32; 27:12. w22.10 buk. 19 cif. 5-7
Lwa Kabirhi, Nsiku 20 Mwezi gwa 8
Mukaz’iyumva ngasi murhegesi w’en’igulu.—1 Pt. 2:13.
Ikubuliro lya Nnâmahanga linarhuhe obulongozi lyo lirhulanga. Rhunakengezibwe kanji-kanji oku rhuhe abagula enimero zirhu z’etelefone n’eadresi zirhu lyo bamanya aha rhuli omu kanga kahûnyire okujira duba-duba. Rhwanahabwa obulongozi budesire oku rhubêre omu eneo yirhu, rhurhengemwo, oku rhwahabwamwo oburhabale, erhi lugenda gurhi na mangaci rhwakaha abandi oburhabale. Erhi rhwakabula burhumikira obo bulongozi, rhwanahira obuzine bwirhu n’obuzine bw’abagula omu mazibu, bulya abo balume banarhulange. (Hb. 13:17) Bene wirhu na bali birhu banji bayasire aha mwababwe enyanya z’obuhanya bucilerha bone, ivita, erhi enyanya z’akavulindi egarhi k’abantu bone na nnene, bajijire okwabo koshi lyo bakomera akanga kabo kahyahya n’okurhondera bajira binji ho n’aho omu mikolo y’eciteokrasi. Ak’Abakristu b’omu myaka igana mirhanzi bashandabanaga eyi n’eyi erhi kulibuzibwa kurhuma, abo bene wirhu na bali birhu banagendekere “bayigiriza akanwa ka Nnâmahanga.” (Ebj. 8:4) Okuhubiri kunabarhabale basegeze obwenge bwabo oku Bwami bwa Nnâmahanga ahali h’okubusegeza oku kanga kazibu balimwo. Okujira ntyo kwabarhabire bagendekere baba n’omwishingo n’omurhûla. w22.12 buk. 19 cif. 12-13
Lwa Kasharhu, Nsiku 21 Mwezi gwa 8
Nyakasane [Yehova, NWT] ali haguma nani: nta boba bungwerhe.—Enna. 118:6.
Yehova anabone ngasi muguma wirhu oku ali wa bulagirire. Embere Yezu arhume abaganda bage omu mukolo gw’amahubiri, abarhabire lyo barhag’iyoboha okuhagalikwa. (Mt. 10:29-31) Ajijire ntyo omu kuganirira kanyunyi kaguma k’omu rhunyunyi rhwal’imanyikine bwenene omu cihugo c’e Israheli, ko kuderha citora erhi kafunzi. Orho rhunyunyi rhwagwerhe ibeyi lisungunu omu mango ga Yezu. Cikone abwira abanafunzi bage ntya: “Ntaco cankafa na Sho arhamanyiri!” Buzinda ayushula ntya: “Ecitwiro cinyu cilushire eca bitora binji.” Omu kuderha ntyo, Yezu ayemezize n’obwalagale abanafunzi bage oku Yehova anabone ngasi muguma wabo oku ali wa bulagirire, nta cirhumire bagwerhe c’okuyoboha okuhagalikwa. Kobinali abanafunzi bakag’ikengera enderho za Yezu erhi bakabwine orhufunzi omu mango bakag’iba bali omu mukolo gw’amahubiri omu vile n’omu lugo. Irhondo okabona ehyo hinyunyi hisungunu, okakengera oku Yehova anakubone oku oli wa bulagirire bulya nawe ‘ecitwiro cawe cilushire eca bitora binji.’ Kugerera oburhabale bwage, wanaba n’oburhwali bw’okulwisa amazibu g’okuhagalikwa. w23.03 buk. 18 cif. 12
Lwa Kani, Nsiku 22 Mwezi gwa 8
Faraoni na bambali bage barhacikalonza barhulolekwo erhi mwe murhuma; yabirage ngôrho mwabafumbisire mpu barhunige.—Lub. 5:21.
Hali amango amazibu garhuhikira omu kalamo, kwa lwiganyo okuhagalikwa n’abantu b’omu mulala erhi okuheza akazi kirhu. Erhi rhwakalembera amazibu kasanzi kanji, rhwanaheza obulangalire n’okuvunika omurhima. Shetani anakolese obulyo bwa ntyo ly’arhujira rhube n’akarhinda lugenda obuzigire bwa Yehova kuli rhwe. Ibilisi analonze rhurhanye oku Yehova ye rhudwirhire amazibu erhi ikubuliro lyage. Akanga kantyo kahikire Baisraheli baguma na baguma omu cihugo c’e Misri. Oku murhondero, bal’iyemire oku Yehova ahizireho Musa na Haruni lyo babacungula omu buja. (Lub. 4:29-31) Cikone buzinda erhi Faraoni ajira akalamo kabo kabe kazibu bwenene, barhanya mpu Musa na Haruni bo babadwirhire ago mazibu gabahikiraga. (Lub. 5:19, 20) Banywerhera abo bakozi bishwekerezi ba Nnâmahanga. Bajijire kubi bwenene! Erhi akaba hamagera kasanzi kanji oli walembera amazibu, oyigulire Yehova omurhima gwawe kugerera isala n’okumuhûna oburhabale. w22.11 buk. 15 cif. 5-6
Lwa Karhanu, Nsiku 23 Mwezi gwa 8
Neci mmubwizire: amango gayishire—ganakola go gano—abafire bayumve izu lya Mwene Nyamuzinda, n’abaliyumvirhe banalame.—Yn. 5:25.
Yehova ye Muhanyi w’Obuzine anagwerhe obuhashe bw’okugalulira abafîre obuzine. Ahîre omulebi Eliya obuhashe bw’okufûla mugala wa mukana muguma w’e Zarepati. (1 Bam. 17:21-23) Enyuma z’aho, kugerera oburhabale bwa Nnâmahanga, omulebi Elisha afûla mugala wa mukana muguma w’e Shunemu. (2 Bam. 4:18-20, 34-37) Obo bufûke n’obw’abandi bantu buyerekine oku Yehova agwerhe obuhashe bw’okugalulira abafîre obuzine. Amango Yezu ali hanw’igulu, ayerekine oku Ishe amuhîre obo buhashe. (Yn. 11:23-25, 43, 44) Ene, Yezu ali omu mpingu ananahabirwe “obuhashe bwoshi bw’omu mpingu n’obw’igulu.” Co cirhumire, anahikiriza eciragane cidesire oku “abali omu nshinda boshi” banafûlwe banagwerhe obulangalire bw’okulama emyaka n’emyaka.—Mt. 28:18; Yn. 5:26-29. w22.12 buk. 5 cif. 10
Lwa Kalindarhu, Nsiku 24 Mwezi gwa 8
Olubaga lw’Abisraeli lurhâkuyumve, bulya barhâlonza banyumve.—Eze. 3:7, Mashi Bible.
Bulya olo lubaga lurhayumvirhizagya Ezekiyeli, lwabonekana oku lurhalonzizi okuyumvirhiza Yehova. Enderho z’olwandiko lw’olusiku lw’ene zayemeza Ezekiyeli n’obwalagale oku abantu okulahira oku barhamuyumvirhize, arhali k’okuderha oku anayabirwe n’omukolo gw’obulebi. Na kandi Yehova ayemeza Ezekiyeli n’obwalagale oku amango olubanja akag’iyaliza lwakahikirire, abantu bali “bamanya oku haba omulêbi ekarhi kabo.” (Eze. 2:5; 33:33) Buzira karhinda, ezo ntanya z’okuhâna omurhima zahîre Ezekiyeli emisi al’ilagirireko ly’ahikiriza omukolo gwage gw’amahubiri. Okumanya oku Yehova ye warhuhâga omukolo gw’amahubiri, kunarhuhe nirhu oburhwali. Yehova arhuhîre olukengwa omu kurhuhamagala “bahamirizi” bage. (Iz. 43:10) Luli lukengwa lunene bwenene! Nk’oku Yehova abwiraga Ezekiyeli erhi: “Orhabayobohaga,” nirhu Yehova arhubwizire ntya: “Murhajugumaga.” (Eze. 2:6) Bulya gurhi rhurhashinganini rhukayoboha abarhuhagalika? Bulya aka Ezekiyeli, rhwarhumirwe na Yehova, rhunagwerhe oburhabale bwage.—Iz. 44:8. w22.11 buk. 3 cif. 4-5
Lw’Iyinga, Nsiku 25 Mwezi gwa 8
Omwikubagirwa [ow’okulangalirwa] anafulike omwanzi gwa bene.—Mig. 11:13.
Ene, rhuvuzire omunkwa bwenene okubona abagula n’abarhabazi b’abagula baba ba kulangalirwa. Abo bene wirhu bishwekerezi banarhushibirire bwinja, rhunavuzire Yehova omunkwa enyanya zabo! Cikone, omu njira zihi rhwakayerekanamwo oku rhuli bantu ba kulangalirwa? Rhuba rhuzigire bene wirhu na bali birhu, rhunanashagalukire okumanya gurhi bayosire. Cikone, rhushinganine rhube ba lugero n’okukakenga ebiyerekire akalamo kabo. Bakristu baguma na baguma b’omu myaka igana mirhanzi bali “bantu ba kulogoshêra, n’okubera amahwe, n’okukâderhaderha ebirhabayerekîri.” (1 Tm. 5:13, Mashi Bible) Kobinali, rhurhakalonza rhube akabo. Cikone, orhanye erhi muntu mulebe akakubwira omwanzi guyerekire akalamo kage anakubwire oku arhalonzizi abandi bagumanye. Kwa lwiganyo, mwali wirhu mulebe anarhubwira lugenda amazibu g’obulwala ali alwisa erhi gandi mazibu malebe gali gamurhindibuza anarhubwire oku rhurhabwiraga owundi muntu lugenda ago mazibu gage. Rhushinganine rhumubikîre er’ihwe. w22.09 buk. 10 cif. 7-8
Lwa Kasi, Nsiku 26 Mwezi gwa 8
Muhinduke omu kujira buhyahya enjira yinyu y’okurhanya.—Rm. 12:2, NWT.
Enderho z’Ecigiriki zahindwirwe “kujira buhyahya enjira yinyu y’okurhanya” zanahugûlwa “kukubûla entanya zinyu.” Co cirhumire, rhurhashinganini rhukajira bijiro binja bisungunu byone omu kalamo kirhu. Cikone, rhugwasirwe rhukalabiriza gurhi rhuyorha ekandalala n’okujira ngasi mpindulo zihûnyirwe lyo rhurhumikira amakanuni ga Yehova omu kalamo kirhu nk’oku rhwakanahasha. Rhurhashinganini rhujire ntyo liguma lyone, cikone rhushinganine rhugendekere rhwajira ntyo. Amango rhwaba bimana ensiku zoshi rhwayish’iba n’obuhashe bw’okukasimisa Yehova omu ngasi kantu rhuli rhwajira. Embere ako kasanzi kahike, rhushinganine rhugendekere rhwajira okwirhu koshi lyo rhukasimisa Yehova. Obwine oku omu lwandiko lw’Abaroma 12:2, Paolo adesire oku rhushinganine rhujire buhyahya enjira yirhu y’okurhanya lyo rhumanya obulonza bwa Nnâmahanga. Ahali h’okucilekerera rhubumbwe n’er’igulu, rhugwasirwe rhurhang’ikacilabiriza lyo rhumanya kunganaci rhuli rhwaleka entanya za Nnâmahanga zishumye emihigo yirhu, ahali h’okuleka entanya z’igulu zirhushumye. w23.01 buk. 8-9 cif. 3-4
Lwa Kabirhi, Nsiku 27 Mwezi gwa 8
Entanya zawe [erhi omuzigo gwawe] ozirhonde Nyamuzinda, wabona oku akubûlana. Arhâkalonza mpu omushinganyanya ahimwe.—Enna. 55:22, Mashi Bible.
Ka Yehova anarhulwire omu ngasi kanga karhuhikira? K’anahindule ngasi kanga rhulimwo omu kalamo kirhu ly’ebintu bibi byoshi birhuhikire biba n’ecirhumire cinja cirhumire byarhuhikira? Nanga, Ebibliya erhadesiri ntyo. (Muh. 8:9; 9:11) Cikone rhumanyire ntya: Erhi amazibu garhuhikira, Yehova anabe agamanyire bwinja ananayumve amasala girhu g’okumuhûna oburhabale. (Enna. 34:15; Iz. 59:1) Na kulusha ebyo, Yehova anarhurhabala lyo rhuhash’ilembera amazibu girhu. Gurhi ajiramwo ntyo? Njira nguma Yehova arhurhabalamwo kuli kurhuha omurhima n’oburhulirize, kanji-kanji anajire ntyo omu kasanzi kakwanine. (2 Kr. 1:3, 4) Ka hali akasanzi okengire omu kalamo kawe Yehova akuhîre omurhima n’oburhulirize omu mango wal’ibilagirireko bwenene? Kanji-kanji erhi rhurhanya oku mazibu rhwageziremwo omu mango gageraga lyo rhuhugûkwa gurhi Yehova arhurhabiremwo lyo rhugalembera. w23.01 buk. 17-18 cif. 13-15
Lwa Kasharhu, Nsiku 28 Mwezi gwa 8
Cirya ciryanyi câhali ci cirhacihabâ, . . . ebwa lufû ajîre.—Maf. 17:11.
Eco ciryanyi ciri nk’ecishushine n’eciryanyi cigwerhe marhwe nda, cikone cohe ciri cidukula-cidukula. Cinahamagalwe “nshushano y’eciryanyi” cinaganirirwe nka “mwami wa kali munani.” (Maf. 13:14, 15; 17:3, 8) Yowane abwine oku oyo “mwami” ahabire, enyuma z’aho arhacibagaho, na buzinda acib’ihaba. Oko kuganirire bwinja Ecinyabuguma c’Amashanja, cigendekeza ecigabi c’er’igulu ciyerekire eby’epolitike! Embere cal’imanyikine nka Sociéte de Nations. Amango g’Ivita lya Kabirhi ly’Igulu, cirhacibagaho, buzinda cacibiyisha omw’izino cimanyikinemo ene, ko kuderha, Ecinyabuguma c’Amashanja. Kugerera epropaganda zabo, ebiryanyi by’epolitike erhi marhegesi, ganakashumya abantu bahagalike Yehova n’abakozi bage. Yowane adesire oku, ko kuli nka bashubuzize ngasi “mwami w’en’igulu lyoshi” lyo baja okw’ivita lya Armagedoni “lusiku lukulu lwa Nyamuzinda” Ogala Byoshi.—Maf. 16:13, 14, 16. w22.05 buk. 10 cif. 10-11
Lwa Kani, Nsiku 29 mwezi gwa 8
Kurhi oyumva nk’oli wasoma?—Lk. 10:26, Mashi Bible.
Erhi Yezu ayiga okucisomera yene Amandiko Matagatifu, amanya Amandiko bwinja na kandi agazigira anagaleka gakashumya ebijiro byage. Kwa lwiganyo, okengere ebyajirikanaga omu hekalu amango Yezu agwerhe myaka 12 yone. Abalimu bal’imanyire bwinja-bwinja Irhegeko lya Musa “basomerwa n’obumanye n’amashuzo [ga Yezu].” (Lk. 2:46, 47, 52) Na nirhu rhwanahikira aha rhwamanya n’okuzigira Akanwa ka Nnâmahanga erhi rhwakakasoma Amandiko ngasi mango. Rhwanayiga binji kugerera enderho Yezu abwiraga abantu bal’imanyire Irhegeko, bahiziremwo abandisi, Abafarizeyi, n’Abasadukayo. Ebyo birongozi by’amadîni byakag’isoma Amandiko kanji-kanji, cikone barhakag’iyunguka n’ebi bakag’isoma. Yezu ayerekine bintu bisharhu abo balume bakajijire lyo bayunguka bwenene n’Amandiko. Enderho ababwiraga zarhurhabala rhukubûle obuhashe bwirhu (1) bw’okuhugûkwa ebi rhuli rhwasoma, (2) okupata obuhirhi bw’ekiroho, na (3) okuleka Akanwa ka Nnâmahanga karhushumye. w23.02 buk. 8-9 cif. 2-3
Lwa Karhanu, Nsiku 30 Mwezi gwa 8
Omwenge akabona obuhanya anabuyâke.—Mig. 22:3.
Mirhego miguma na miguma rhushinganine rhuyake ehiziremwo okulehya, okunywa amanvu bwenene, obudambye, okuderha enderho zakayagaza abandi, ciru n’okulaba ebintu by’okucishagalusa birimwo obuminya, epornografi, n’ebindi bintu biri nk’ebyo. (Enna. 101:3) Ensiku zoshi, Ibilisi anakalongereza obulyo bw’okurhusheregeza obwîra bwirhu haguma na Yehova. (1 Pt. 5:8) Erhi rhwakabula buba masu, Shetani anarhwera omu bukengere n’omu mirhima yirhu engeso z’okucifinja ebya bene, okurhaba bikubagirwa, irala ly’okuba na binji, enshombo, obucibone, n’okubîka agarhinda. (Gl. 5:19-21) Erhi akaba rhurhabiri babidu okuzihôngola, zanagendekera zakula nka murhi gulimwo sumu n’okurhulerhera amazibu. (Yk. 1:14, 15) Murhego muguma gurhabonekana n’obwalagale bali bîra babi. Rhugwasirwe rhukengere oku abantu rhucishoga okugeza akasanzi haguma nabo banarhushumya bwenene. (1 Kr. 15:33) Erhi rhwakakacilabiriza rhwanayaka okukageza akasanzi karhali ka bulagirire haguma n’abantu barharhumikira amakanuni ga Yehova. (Lk. 21:34; 2 Kr. 6:15) Rhwanabona omurhego n’okuguyaka. w23.02 buk. 16 cif. 7; buk. 17 cif. 10-11
Lwa Kalindarhu, Nsiku 31 Mwezi gwa 8
Okuzigira Nyamuzinda kuba omu kushimba amarhegeko gage.—1 Yn. 5:3.
Obuzigire bwawe kuli Yehova bwayushusire erhi oyiga binji okubimuyerekire. Kobinali olonzize omuyegere bwenene ene, n’ensiku n’amango. Wananahash’ijira ntyo. Omu njira y’olukogo akuhûnyire oshagaluse omurhima gwage. (Mig. 23:15, 16) Wanajira ntyo arhali kugerera enderho zawe zone cikone na kugerera ebijiro byawe. Oku olamire omu kalamo kawe kwanayerekana oku kobinali ozigire Yehova. Ogo go muhigo mwinja bwenene wakarhôla omu kalamo kawe. Gurhi wakayerekanamwo obuzigire bwawe kuli Yehova? Burhangiriza, wanacihâna emwa Nnâmahanga muguma w’okuli kugerera isala lyago-lyago. (Enna. 40:8) Enyuma z’aho, wanayerekana embere z’abantu boshi oku wacihânyire emwa Nnâmahanga omu kubatizibwa. Obubatizo bwawe ko kasanzi k’omwishingo na ka bulagirire bwenene omu kalamo kawe. Omu kubatizibwa wanarhondera okulama akalamo kahyahya, arhali ly’ojira obulonza bwawe wenene cikone ly’ojira obulonza bwa Yehova. (Rm. 14:8; 1 Pt. 4:1, 2) Ogo gwanabonekana nka guli muhigo munene bwenene gw’okurhôla, na ntyo kobinali. Cikone gwanakuyigulira enjira y’okulama akalamo kinja bwenene. w23.03 buk. 5-6 cif. 14-15