Batswakwa—Bothata Jo Bo Aparetseng Lefatshe Ka Bophara

MODIRI mongwe wa mofaladi go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa magae tsa borwa jwa Aferika o ne a bolela jaana, “re ya kwa Gauteng go ya go batla madi ka ntateng ya go bo mono go sena tiro.” O tlatsa ka go re: “Fa go ne go na le tiro mono re ne re ka se ka ra itshwenya ka go ya kwa Gauteng.” Tlhaloso ya gagwe e e amang maikutlo e bontsha tsietsi e batswakwa ba le bantsi le badiri ba bafaladi ba mo go yone.

Mme lefa go le jalo go ntsifala thata ga go fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele mo go neng ga diragala mo masomeng a dingwaga a sekae a a fetileng go tshosa batho bangwe fela thata. (Bona bokose, tsebe 5.) Pampiri ya dikgang ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya Spain e go tweng El País e ne ya bega jaana: “Go kgethololwa ga batho ka ntlha ya lotso le go ila batswakwa go ile ga runya gapegape kwa Jeremane.” Bothubaki jo bo dirwang ke digopa, tse di ileng tsa tlhalosiwa ke dipampiri tsa dikgang jaaka tsa botlhogobotwai ba ba nang le tshekamelo ya Bonazi, di ile tsa tlhasela bafaladi.

Badiredi bangwe ba tsa mosepele ba dumalana gore ba setse morago tsamaiso ya go kgaphela ntle. Modiredi mongwe wa tsa mosepele kwa nageng nngwe ya Asia o ne a tlhalosa gore tiro ya gagwe ke ‘go kgaphela batswakwa ntle.’ Gape, fa makasine wa Time o ne o akgela mabapi le go goromela ga batshabi go tswa kwa nageng nngwe ya Yuropa Botlhaba, o ne wa bolela ka modiredi mongwe wa maemo a a kwa godimo yo o ileng a re: “Re batla go ba tsenya letsatsi ka tota re batla gore ba boele kwa magabone.”

Dikakgelo tse ebileng di ne di le botlhoko le go feta e ne e le tseo di neng tsa dirwa ke mmegadikgang mongwe wa kwa Fora yo o neng a tlhatswegile pelo gore ‘batswakwa ba ba fudugetseng koo ba na le matshosetsi.’ Mabaka a gagwe e ne e le afe? Ke ba “morafe o sele, ba [bua] dipuo di sele, [mme ebile ba na le] mekgwa e e farologaneng ya go tshela.” O ne a konela jang? “Re tshwanetse go busetsa bontsi jo re ka bo kgonang kwa magabone, [mme] re bo re ikgatholosa ba ba setseng.”

Ka ntlha ya boikutlo jono jwa go ila batswakwa jo bo ba dikologileng, ga go gakgamatse go bo batswakwa ba lebagana le lobota lwa go ilwa kwantle ga mabaka ape ke benggae bao ba ikutlwang ba tshosediwa ke go goromela ga batho bano ba ba sa ba itseng. Mme ka tsela e e tshwanang, mongwe wa baagi ba Iseraele yo o neng a galefisitswe thata ke ntlha ya gore “beng ba ditsha ba ne ba rata bafaladi ba Soviet” ka ntateng ya go bo goromente a ne a ba neela mpho ya madi fa ba tla go nna mo Iseraele. Ka lebaka leo, baagi ba patelesega go fuduga mo mafelong a bone ka ntateng ya go tlhatloga ga dirente.

Ga se sephiri gore batswakwa gantsi ba dira ditiro tsa maemo a a kwa tlase tse baagi gantsi ba di nyatsang. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa batho bano ba ba magorogomasha ba bereka kafa tlase ga maemo a a botlhoko le go bona dituelo tse di kwa tlasetlase—bogolo jang fa e le gore bafaladi bano ba tlhagetse ga baa tsena kafa molaong. Mo godimo ga moo, kwa ditirong batswakwa gantsi ba tlhaolwa fela thata ka ntateng ya go bo ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a seeng.

Go sa kgathalesege gore ke bomang kana gore ba ikaelela go ya go nna kae, bontsi jwa bafaladi ba lebagana le bothata jwa go leka go fodisa dintho tsa go bo ba kgaogane le bagabone le go leka go thaya metheo ya dikamano tse disha tsa isagwe. Makasine wa U.S.News & World Report wa re “gantsi batswakwa ba simolola ba na le boikutlo jwa go fenngwa le jwa go iteelwa ntle.” Mo go ba bangwe boiteko jwa bone bo tlhaelela kgakala. Pego e tswelela ka go bolela jaana mabapi le seno: “Bothata jwa go latlhegelwa ke legae la ntlha gantsi bo etegetswa ke go palelwa ke go bona la bobedi.” Mo go ba le bantsi boikutlo jono jwa go lomologana le ba bangwe bo bakiwa ke ntlha ya go bo motho a tshwanetse go dira tiro e e bokete ya go ithuta puo e ntšha.

Kana O A Reng Fa O . . . ?

A o kile wa tshwanelwa ke go ithuta puo e ntšha le go anya mekgwa e mesha ya go tshela? Go ile ga go ama jang? Mofaladi mongwe wa Mopholishe yo e bileng gape e le mokwadi kwa United States ebong Stanislaw Baranczak o ne a araba ka go re kwantle ga pelaelo, “bofelelo jwa letsapa la gago e ka nna boikutlo jo bo tshwenyatshwenyang jwa go ikutlwa o tlhaela.” Ee, puo ke selo sa botlhokwa e le gore o tle o kgone go tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa setšhaba. Go ithuta puo e ntšha e ka nna selo se se thata ka bo sone mo maitekong a go leka go nna karolo ya setšhaba, bogolo jang ka batswakwa ba ba setseng ba godile.

Mo bafalading bano, go ithuta puo gantsi e nna bothata jo bo itirang seboaboane. Makasine wa Aging o a re fa batswakwa ba sa kgone go emelana le go latlhegelwa ke segabone le puo gantsi go ba tlisetsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong, selo se kwa bofelong se ba kgoreletsang gore ba tlhomame mo go ithuteng puo e ntšha. Kgabagare, motswakwa o ikgogona go tswelela pele a leka go ithuta puo e ntšha ereka fa gongwe go tlhabisang ditlhong. Bothata jono fa gongwe bo gakadiwa ke fa bana bone ba kgona go ithuta le go amogela setso se sesha ka bofefo go gaisa batsadi ba bone. Seno gantsi se tsala kgotlhang le go sa utlwane ga bana le batsadi mo malapeng a bafaladi, ke gore fa e le gore lelapa lotlhe le fudugetse kwa mafatsheng a sele mmogo.

Malapa A A Thubegileng

Sengwe sa dilo tse go sa kwalwang ka tsone thata mme ntswa se na le matswela a a maswe sa go fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele ka mogoro ke tsela e e diphatsa e go amang lelapa ka teng. Selo se se diragalang gantsi ke gore, malapa a a arogana fa mongwe wa batsadi kana batsadi boobabedi ba tlogela bana le ba masika go sala ba ba tlhokometse fa bone ba ya go senka mafulo a matalana golo gongwe go sele. Tshekatsheko ya Second Carnegie Inquiry Into Poverty and Development in Southern Africa e akgela ka go re go fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele mo go ntseng jaana “go tlhakatlhakanya . . . thulaganyo ya lelapa.” Pego eno e bega dikai tse di teng tsa kafa malapa a ileng a thubega ka teng ka nako ya fa leloko lengwe la lelapa le ne la fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele a sa tsamaye nabo.

Ano ke mangwe a mathata a a amang bafaladi mo lefatsheng ka bophara re sa bue sepe ka ditshenyegelo tse di nnang teng ka ntlha ya go fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele, le go baakanya mesepele eo semolao, le ditshwetso tse di tshwanetseng go dirwa mabapi le tsa botsogo, marobalo, thuto, le mabapi le maloko a mangwe a lelapa.

Ka jalo, ke ka ntlha yang fa tota batswakwa ba fudugela kwa mafatsheng a sele, ntswa go na le mathata ano a a kanakana?

[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 4]

Badirimmogo mo Tirong

LE MORORO go na le mathata mangwe a a amanang le go thelesegela mo go sa laolesegeng ga batswakwa, go na le bosupi jo bo leng teng jo bo bontshang gore mo mabakeng a le mantsi bafaladi ke thuso e kgolo mo mafatsheng a bone a ba fudugetseng kwa go one.

Makasine wa Time wa re, “go na le bosupi jo bo papametseng jwa gore badiri ba batswakwa le Jeremane Bophirima ba ile ba solegelana molemo,” o tlatsa ka go re “madirelo a setale a Ruhr le madirelo a dikoloi a Mercedes a a ka kwantle ga Stuttgart mo go one go dira badiri ba batswakwa.” Gape, go ya ka National Geographic, “madirelo a matsela a ko New York a ka bo a phutlhame” fa go ne go sa dirisiwa badiri ba bafaladi.

Batlhalefedi ba tsa itsholelo ba lemoga tsela e babereki bano ba batswakwa ba leng mosola ka teng mo mafatsheng a ba fudugetseng mo go one. Batho ba Turkey, Pakistan, le Algeria ba ba nnang kwa Yuropa ba ithutile go tshela kafa tlase ga maemo a ba mo go one le mororo ba ile ba boga ka ntateng ya go ilwa kwantle ga mabaka ape. U.S.News & World Report ea re, “ba ntse ba tsogelela kafa tlase ga maemo ao,” mme ba tla tswelela ba dira jalo “go fitlhelela Yuropa . . . e lemoga, gore ka mabaka a itsholelo fela, baa ba tlhoka.”

Ereka ba tlhoafaletse thata go atlega mo mafatsheng a bone a masha, batswakwa gantsi ga ba nke ba ikaega ka puso go bona ditlamelo tsa loago jaaka go ntse ka benggae. Mogakolodi mongwe wa U.S. wa tsa mesepele le boagedi yo o ileng a dirisana le dikgang tse di amang batswakwa ba ba fetang 3 000 o ne a re, “ke maaka fela gore bafaladi ba tshela ka dithuso tsa puso.”

Gangwe le gape, mafelo a ile a shahadiwa ke batswakwa ba ba batlang go tokafatsa tikologo ya bone. Fa Aferika Borwa e ne e lebagane le go goromela ga batshabi ba Mapotokisi morago ga gore ntwa e tlhagoge kwa Angola le Mozambique, mafelo a bonno a ditikologo tse di rileng kwa Gauteng a ile a utlwa ka Mapotokisi fela mme ba a tokafatsa.

[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 5]

Dingwe tsa Dipalopalo Tse Dikgolo tsa Bofaladi:

▶ Bafaladi ba ba dimilione tse 4,5, go kopanyeletsa le tse 1,5 tsa Maaferika Bokone, ba dira 8 lekgolong ya batho ba kwa Fora

▶ Mo karolong e le nngwe fela ya molelwane o o fa gare ga Mexico le U.S., Badisa ba Molelwane ba le 800 ba tshwara palogare ya bafaladi ba ba fudugelang kwa mafatsheng a sele e se kafa molaong bosigo bongwe le bongwe ba ka nna 1 500

▶ Batho ba ba ka tshwarang 20 lekgolong ya batho ba Australia ke batswakwa

▶ Mapholishe ba le milione ba ka nna ba bo ba bereka kwa Yuropa Bophirima ka go ikutswa

▶ Mo ngwageng nngwe ya bosheng jaana, banna ba ba ka tshwarang 350 000 ba ne ba fudugela kwa Aferika Borwa ba hirilwe ka konteraka. Palo ya batswakwa ba ba tseneng koo ka go ikutswa e ka tshwara dimilione tse 1,2

▶ Bajuta ba Ma-Soviet ba palo e eseng kwa tlase ga 185 000 ba ile ba fudugela kwa Iseraele ka 1990

▶ Batho ba Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia ba ba fetang 900 000 ba ile ba fudugela kwa United States fa esale go tloga ka 1975

▶ Batho ba ba seng kafa tlase ga sekete ba fuduga go tswa kwa Hong Kong beke le beke