Ko e Faingataʻa ʻo e Faitoʻó

“ʻOku ʻikai ha suka ʻe taʻemafatukituki. ʻOku fakatuʻutāmaki kotoa pē.”​—Anne Daly, Sōsaieti Suka ʻa ʻAmeliká.

“NAʻE ʻomai hoʻo ngaahi sivi totó fakataha mo e ngaahi tuʻunga anga-kehe lahi. ʻOku fiemaʻu kia koe ʻa e tokangaʻi fakafaitoʻo fakavavevave.” Naʻe oʻo ʻa e ngaahi lea ʻa e toketaá hangē ha tau ha fuʻu hāmalá kia Deborah. “ʻI he pō ko iá, naʻá ku hanganaki fakakaukau kuo pau pē naʻe ʻi ai ha fehālaaki ʻa e lepí,” ko ʻene leá ia. “Naʻá ku pehē pē kiate au ʻoku ʻikai moʻoni ia ʻoku ou puke.”

Hangē ko e kakai tokolahi, naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Deborah, naʻá ne mātuʻaki moʻui lelei, ko ia naʻá ne tukunoaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga hokohokó. Naʻá ne tukuakiʻi ʻa ʻene fieinua hokohokó ki he faitoʻo fakafepaki mahaki ʻa ia naʻá ne ngāueʻakí. Naʻá ne tukuakiʻi ʻa e toutou tuʻu ofí ki he fuʻu lahi hono inu ʻo e vaí. Pea ko e tuʻunga helaʻiá—sai, ko hai ia ha faʻē faʻa ngāue ʻe taʻeongosia?

Ka naʻe toki fakapapauʻi leva ʻi ha sivi toto ko e suká naʻá ne fakatupungá. Naʻe faingataʻa kia Deborah ke ne tali ʻa hono ʻiloʻí. “Naʻe ʻikai te u talanoa ki ha taha fekauʻaki mo hoku mahakí,” ko ʻene leá ia. “ʻI he poʻulí, ʻi he mohe ʻa e fāmilí, naʻá ku sio fakamamaʻu pē ki tuʻa ki he fakapoʻulí ʻo tangi.” ʻI hono ʻiloʻi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e suká, ko e niʻihi, hangē ko Deborah,

ʻoku nau hokosia ha tuʻunga lōmekina ʻo e ngaahi ongó, ʻo kau ai ʻa e loto-mafasia pea naʻa mo e ʻita. “Naʻá ku fou ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi tangi loʻimata ʻo hono fakaʻikaiʻí,” ko e lau ia ʻa Karen.

Ko e ngaahi tali fakanatula eni ki he meʻa ʻoku hā ngali ko ha meʻa fakamamahi taʻetotonu kuo hokó. Kae kehe, ʻi hono tokoniʻí, ko e faʻahinga ʻoku suká ʻe lava ke nau feʻunuʻaki. “Naʻe tokoniʻi au ʻe heʻeku nēsí ke u tali hoku tuʻungá,” ko e lau ia ʻa Karen. “Naʻá ne fakapapauʻi mai kiate au naʻe sai pē ke tangi. Ko e tukuange atu ko ia ʻeku ngaahi ongó naʻá ne tokoniʻi au ke feʻunuʻaki.”

ʻUhinga ʻOku Mafatukituki Aí

Kuo ui ʻa e suká “ko ha maumau ʻa e mīsini tonu ʻo e moʻuí,” pea ʻi ha ʻuhinga lelei. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻikai lava ai ʻe he sinó ʻo veteki ʻa e suká, ʻe lava ke tuʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻe niʻihi, ʻo ʻi ai he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa hono ngaahi nunuʻa fakatuʻutāmaki ki he moʻuí. “ʻOku ʻikai ke mate fakahangatonu ʻa e kakaí mei he suká,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. Harvey Katzeff, “ʻoku nau mate kinautolu mei ha ngaahi mahaki kehe kuo toe tupu mai. ʻOku mau pōtoʻi ʻi hono taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi mahaki kehe ʻoku toe tupu maí, kae ʻikai pōtoʻi ʻi hono faitoʻo [kinautolu] ʻi he taimi kuo nau kamata aí.”a

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ʻamanaki ki he faʻahinga ʻoku tofanga ʻi he suká? ʻIo—kapau ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e tuʻunga mafatukituki ʻo e mahakí pea fakamoʻulaloa ki ha polokalama ʻo e faitoʻó.b

Kai mo e Fakamālohisino

Neongo ko e suka Kalasi 1 ʻe ʻikai lava ke taʻofi, ʻoku ako ʻe he kau saienisí ki he ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa fakakēnisi te ne ngali fakatupunga ʻa e mahakí pea ʻoku nau feinga ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi founga ke taʻotaʻofi ai hano ʻohofi ʻo e tuʻunga maluʻí. (Sio ki he puha “Ko e Ngafa ʻo e Suká,” ʻi he peesi 8.) “ʻI he kalasi 2, ʻoku fakaʻamanaki lahi ange ai ʻa e tuʻungá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohi Diabetes​—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health. “Ko e tokolahi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻa ia ʻe lava ke nau tōngofua fakakēnisí ʻoku nau fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono fakahaaʻi ha faʻahinga fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahakí ni ʻi hono kai pē ha meʻakai palanisi pea fakamālohisino tuʻumaʻú, ʻo nofoʻaki moʻui lelei fakasino ai pea tauhi ai honau mamafá ʻi loto ʻi he ngaahi fakangatangata totonú.”c

ʻI hono fakamamafaʻi ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e fakamālohisinó, ko e Journal of the American Medical Association naʻe līpooti ai ki ha fekumi lahi fekauʻaki mo e kakai fefiné. Naʻe ʻilo ʻi he fekumí “ko ha ngāue fakaesino taimi nounou ʻoku fakalahi ai hono toʻo ʻo e suká ʻe he meʻa fetuku ʻinisulini [ʻe he fanga kiʻi sela ʻo e sinó] ʻo laka hake he houa ʻe 24.” Ko ia ai, ʻoku fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe he līpōtí ko e “luelué mo e ngāue mālohí fakatouʻosi ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo hono fakasiʻisiʻi moʻoni ʻa e hoko ʻo ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e suka kalasi 2 ʻi he kakai fefiné.” ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he kau fakatotoló ha ngāue fakaesino feʻunga ʻo ʻikai siʻi hifo he miniti ʻe 30 ʻi he meimei ʻaho kotoa pē, pe ʻaho kotoa pē ʻo e uiké. ʻE lava ke kau ki he meʻá ni ha meʻa faingofua hangē ko e luelué, ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ʻe he American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes, “ʻoku ngalingali ko e founga ia ʻo e fakamālohisinó ʻoku lelei tahá, malu tahá, mo siʻi taha ʻene fakamolé.”

Kae kehe, ko e fakamālohisino ʻa e kakai ʻoku suká ʻoku totonu ke tokangaʻi fakatoketā ia. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻe taha he ko e suká ʻe lava ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e tafenga totó mo e neavé, ʻo uesia ai ʻa e vilo takai ʻa e totó mo e ongó. Ko ia ai, ko ha kiʻi makohi ʻi he vaʻé ʻe ʻikai nai ke fakatokangaʻi ia, hoko ʻo ʻuli, pea iku ki ha mataʻi pala—ko ha tuʻunga mafatukituki ia ʻa ia ʻe iku ai ʻo tuʻusi kapau ʻe ʻikai ke faitoʻo leva.d

Neongo ia, ko ha polokalama fakamālohisino ʻe lava ke ne tokoniʻi kita ke te puleʻi ʻa e suká. “Ko e lahi ange ʻo hono ako ʻe he kau fakatotoló ʻa e ngaahi ʻaonga ʻo e fakamālohisino maʻu peé,” ko e lau ia ʻa e ADA Complete Guide, “ko e lelei ange ia ʻa e meʻa ʻoku nau maʻu fekauʻaki mo hono ʻaongá.”

Faitoʻo ʻInisulini

Ko e tokolahi ʻoku suká kuo pau ke nau tānaki atu ki heʻenau kaí mo e polokalama fakamālohisinó ʻa hono sivi fakaʻaho ʻa e lēvolo ʻo e suká fakataha mo e ngaahi huhu ʻinisulini lahi. Ko hono ola ʻo e moʻui lelei fakalakalaka fakafou ʻi he kaí mo ha founga-tuʻumaʻu lelei ʻo e fakamālohisinó, ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e suka Kalasi 2 kuo nau malava, ʻi ha kiʻi taimi, ke ʻikai toe hokohoko atu ʻa e faitoʻo ʻinisuliní.e Ko Karen, ʻa ia ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e suka Kalasi 1, naʻá ne ʻilo ko e fakamālohisinó ʻoku fakalahi ai ʻa e ʻaonga ʻo e ʻinisulini ʻokú ne huhu kiate iá. Ko hono olá, kuo malava ai ke ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa ʻene fiemaʻu ʻinisulini fakaʻahó ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 20.

Kae kehe, kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻa e ʻinisuliní, ʻoku ʻikai ha ʻuhinga ia ki he tokotaha ʻoku puké ke ne ongoʻi loto-siʻi. “Ko e pau ke maʻu ʻa e ʻinisuliní ʻoku ʻikai fakahuʻunga ai ha tōnounou ia ʻi hoʻo tafaʻakí,” ko e lau ia ʻa Mary Ann, ko ha neesi hoko ʻa ia ʻokú ne tokangaʻi ha kau mahaki suka tokolahi. “Ko e hā pē ha faʻahinga ʻo e suká ʻokú ke maʻú, kapau te ke puleʻi lelei ʻa e suka ʻi ho totó, te ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema kehe ki he moʻuí ʻamui ange.” Ko hono moʻoní, ko ha ako ki muí ni naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ko e kakai ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e Kalasi 1 ʻa ia naʻa nau tokangaʻi fefeka ʻa e ngaahi lēvolo ʻo e suka ʻi honau totó “kuo nau fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ʻa e hoko ʻa e mahaki suká ki he matá, kofuuá, mo e neavé.” Hangē ko ení, ko e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e mahaki ʻi he matá (retinopathy), naʻe fakasiʻisiʻi ia ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 76! Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e Kalasi 2, ʻa ia ʻoku nau puleʻi mālohi ʻa e ngaahi lēvolo ʻo e suká ʻi honau totó ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e ngaahi ʻaonga meimei tatau.

Ke ʻai ʻa e faitoʻo ʻinisuliní ke faingofua ange pea siʻi ange ʻene mamahí, ko e ngaahi meʻa-huhu mo e ngaahi peni ʻinisuliní—ʻa e ongo meʻangāue ʻoku lahi taha hono ngāueʻakí—ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi hui valevale ʻokú ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e mamahí. “Ko e ʻuluaki huhú ʻoku faʻa mamahi tahá,” ko e lau ia ʻa Mary Ann. “Hili iá, ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau mahakí ʻoku nau pehē ʻoku ʻikai te nau meimei ongoʻi ʻe kinautolu ha meʻa.” Ko e ngaahi founga kehe ʻo e huhú ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa huhu ʻotomētiki ʻa ia ʻokú ne huhuʻi ha foʻi hui ki he kilí ʻo ʻikai ke mamahi, ko e ngaahi meʻa huhu puhi mālohi ʻa ia ʻokú ne fanaʻi hangatonu ʻa e ʻinisuliní he kilí fakafou ʻi hono puhiʻi mata valevale, pea mo ha huhu māmālie ʻa ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ha tiupi, ʻa ia ʻoku nofo ai he ʻaho ʻe ua pe tolu. Hangē ko e lahi ʻo ha pipa he kató, ko e pamu ʻinisuliní kuo kamata ia ke manakoaʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki mui ní. Ko e meʻangāue fakapolokalama ko ení ʻokú ne tuku atu ʻa e ʻinisuliní fakafou ʻi ha tiupi ʻi ha vave tuʻumaʻu fakatatau ki he ngaahi fiemaʻu fakaʻaho ʻa e sinó, ʻo ʻai ai ʻa e ngāue ʻa e ʻinisuliní ke totonu ange mo feʻungamālie ange.

Hanganaki Ako

Hili e vakai ki he meʻa kotoa pē, ʻoku ʻikai ha faitoʻo ola lelei ia ki he suká. ʻI he fakakaukau ki he faitoʻó, ko e tokotaha taki taha kuo pau ke ne fakakaukau ki ha ngaahi meʻa tefito koeʻuhí ke fai ai ha fili fakafoʻituitui. “Neongo te ke maʻu nai ʻa e tokangaʻi ʻe ha timi fakafaitoʻo,” ko e lau ia ʻa Mary Ann, “ko koe ia ʻoku pule ki he meʻa ke faí.” Ko hono moʻoní, ko e pepa Diabetes Care ʻokú ne pehē: “Ko e founga fakafaitoʻo ʻo e suká ʻo ʻikai ha ako ki he tokangaʻi kita tuʻumaʻú ʻe lava ke vakai ki ai ko ha tokangaʻi māʻulalo mo taʻetaau ia.”

Ko e lahi ange ʻa e ako ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku suká fekauʻaki mo honau mahakí, ko e mateuteu lelei ange ia te nau ʻi ai ke tokangaʻi ʻenau moʻuí pea fakalahi ai ʻenau ʻamanaki ki ha moʻui lōloa ange mo moʻui lelei ange. Kae kehe, ko e ako ola leleí, ʻoku fiemaʻu ki ai ʻa e kātaki. Ko e tohi Diabetes​—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health ʻokú ne fakamatala: “Kapau te ke feinga ke ako ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē ʻo fakaʻangataha, ʻoku ngalingali te ke hoko ai ʻo puputuʻu pea ʻikai ke ngāue ola lelei ʻaki ʻa e fakahinohinó. Pehē foki, ko e lahi ʻo e fakahinohino ʻaonga taha te ke fiemaʻu ke akó ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ia ʻi he ngaahi tohí pe ngaahi pepá. ʻOku ʻi ai hono kaunga ki he . . . anga ʻo e kehekehe ʻa e suka ʻi ho totó ʻi he feliliuaki hoʻo ngaahi ngāué. ʻE lava ke toki ako pē eni hili ha vahaʻa taimi, fakafou ʻi he ʻahiʻahi mo e fehālaaki.”

Ko e fakatātaá, ʻaki ʻa e vakaiʻi leleí ʻokú ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e anga ʻo e tali ʻa ho sinó ki he faingataʻá, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ne fakatupunga ʻa e lēvolo ʻo e suka ʻi ho totó ke lele fakafokifā ki ʻolunga. “Kuó u moʻui fakataha mo e sino suka ko ení ʻo feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe 50,” ko e lau ia ʻa Ken, “pea ʻoku ou ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ne tala mai kiate aú!” Ko e “fanongo” ki hono sinó ʻoku ʻaonga, he ʻoku kei malava pē ʻa Ken ke ngāue taimi-kakato—neongo ʻokú ne taʻu 70 tupu!

Ko e Mahuʻinga ʻa e Poupou ʻa e Fāmilí

ʻOua naʻa ngalo ʻi hono faitoʻo ʻo e suká ʻa e poupou mei he fāmilí. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku pehē ʻe he maʻuʻanga fakamatala ʻe taha “ko e tuʻunga ʻo ha moʻui fakafāmili fakataha, mahalo ko e meʻa tefito lahi taha ia” ʻi hono tokangaʻi ʻo e suká ʻi he fānaú mo e toʻutupú.

ʻOku ʻaonga ʻa e taimi ʻoku ako ai ʻa e ngaahi mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí fekauʻaki mo e suká, naʻa mo e taufetongi ʻi hono maʻu ʻa e ngaahi ʻapoinimeni fakafaitoʻó mo e tokotaha mahakí. ʻE tokoniʻi kinautolu ʻe he ʻiló ke nau hoko ʻo poupou, ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga mahuʻingá, pea ʻiloʻi ʻa e founga ke tali aí. Ko Ted ʻa ia ko hono uaifí kuó ne maʻu ʻa e suka Kalasi 1 talu mei heʻene taʻu 4, ʻokú ne pehē: “ʻOku lava ke u ʻiloʻi ʻa e taimi ʻoku tō ai ʻo fuʻu māʻulalo ʻa e lēvolo suka ʻo Barbara. Te ne hoko ʻo fakalongolongo ʻi he lolotonga ʻo ha fetalanoaʻaki. ʻOkú ne tautaʻa lahi pea hoko ʻo ʻita taʻeʻuhinga. Pea ʻoku māmālie ʻa ʻene tali ki ha meʻá.”

ʻI he tuʻunga tatau, ʻi he taimi ʻoku sio ai ʻa Catherine, ko e uaifi ʻo Ken, ki he hoko ʻa Ken ʻo tea mo pupuhaʻiá pea ʻi he taimi ʻokú ne sio ai ki ha liliu ʻi heʻene tōʻongá, ʻokú ne ʻoange kiate ia ha kiʻi foʻi fika faingofua ke ne solova. Ko e tali puputuʻu ʻa Ken ʻoku tala ai kia Catherine kuo taimi ke ne fai ʻe ia ʻa e filí pea ngāue vave ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻungá. Ko Ken mo Barbara fakatouʻosi ʻokú na houngaʻia loloto ʻi hono maʻu ha ongo hoa mali ʻiloʻilo ʻa ia ʻokú na ʻofa ai mo falala kakato ki ai.f

Ko e ngaahi mēmipa fakafāmili ʻofá ʻoku totonu ke nau feinga ke hoko ʻo poupou, anga-lelei, pea kātaki—ko e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ne tokoniʻi ha tokotaha puke ke ne fehangahangai mo e ngaahi pole ʻo e moʻuí pea ʻe lava ke aʻu ʻo ne tākiekina ki he lelei ange ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo honau mahakí. Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he husepāniti ʻo Karen kiate ia ʻa ʻene ʻofá, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai hono kaunga lelei lahi. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa Karen: “Naʻe pehē mai ʻe Nigel kiate au, ‘ʻOku fiemaʻu ʻe he kakaí ke nau maʻu ʻa e meʻakaí mo e vaí ke nau moʻui ai, ʻo hangē tofu pē ko hoʻo fiemaʻu ʻa e meʻakaí mo e vaí—pea mo ha kiʻi meʻi ʻinisulini.’ Ko e ngaahi foʻi lea anga-ʻofa kae ʻaonga ko ení ʻa e meʻa tofu pē naʻá ku fiemaʻú.”

Ko e fāmilí mo e ngaahi kaumeʻá ʻoku toe fiemaʻu ke nau mahinoʻi ʻi he fetōʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lēvolo ʻo e suka he totó, ʻe lava ke uesia ʻe he suká ʻa e tōʻonga ʻa ha taha. “ʻI heʻeku hokosia ʻa e ongoʻi loto-mafasia felāveʻi mo e suká,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha fefine ʻe taha, “ʻoku ou hoko ai ʻo mātuʻaki fakalongolongo, ʻiteʻita, mamahingofua, pea ongoʻi feifeitamaki. Peá u ongoʻi koviʻia leva ʻi heʻeku hangē ha kiʻi tamasiʻi valé. Ka ʻoku tokoni ʻa e taimi ʻoku ou ʻiloʻi ai ʻoku mahinoʻi ʻe he niʻihi kehé ʻa e ʻuhinga ki he ngaahi ongoʻi ko ení—ʻa ia ʻoku ou feinga ke mapuleʻi.”

Ko e suká ʻoku lava ke mapuleʻi lelei, tautefito kapau ko e tokotaha mahakí ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e fetokoniʻaki mo e ngaahi kaungāmeʻá pea mo e ngaahi mēmipa ʻi he fāmilí. ʻE toe lava foki ke tokoni ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni faka-Tohitapú. Anga-fēfē?

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 6]

Ko ha Mahaki ʻo e Toʻutupú?

Ko e suká ʻoku “hoko ko ha mahaki ia ʻo e toʻutupú,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. Arthur Rubenstein, ko ha tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi he saienisi ki he lama ʻo e tafeʻanga totó pea ko e pule ʻi he Akoʻanga Fakafaitoʻo Moʻunga Sainai ʻi Niu ʻIoké. Ko e taʻu fakaʻavalisi ki he kamata ʻo e suká ʻoku tōlalo moʻoni ia. “ʻI he taʻu ʻe hongofulu kuo maliu atú, ne mau akoʻi ai ki he kau ako fakafaitoʻó ʻo pehē naʻe ʻikai te ke sio koe ki he mahakí ni ʻi he kakai ʻi lalo hifo he taʻu 40,” ko e lau ia ʻa e mataotao he suká ko Dr. Robin S. Goland, ʻi heʻene lau ki he suka Kalasi 2. “ʻI he taimí ni ʻoku tau sio ai ʻi he faʻahinga ʻoku siʻi hifo he taʻu 10.”

Ko e hā ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e fakautuutu ʻa e suka ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e toʻutupú? ʻI he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e tukufakaholo fakakēnisí. Ka ko e mamafá mo e ʻātakaí ko ha toe tupuʻanga tefito nai ia. Ko e tokolahi ʻo e fānau sisinó kuo liunga ua ia ʻi he hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe ua kuohilí. Ko e hā ʻa e ʻuhinga ki he meʻá ni? “Kuo lahi ʻa e feliliuaki he tōʻonga kaí mo e ngaahi sīpinga ngāué ʻi he taʻu ʻe 20 fakamuimuí,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. William Dietz ʻo e Senitā U. S. ki he Mapuleʻi mo e Taʻofi ʻo e Mahakí. “ʻOku kau ki he ngaahi meʻá ni ʻa e fakafalala fakautuutu ki he ngaahi meʻakai ʻoku kai ʻi tuʻa mei he ʻapí; tupulaki ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e liʻaki ʻa e kai pongipongí; maʻu lahi ʻo e inu melié mo e meʻakai fale kaí; siʻi ʻo e [ako fakamālohisino] ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiakó; mo e fakangata ʻo e ngaahi taimi mālōlō ʻi he ʻapiakó.”

Ko e suká ʻoku ʻikai lava ke toe fakamoʻui ia. Ko ia ai, ʻoku fakapotopoto ke muimui ʻi he fakahinohino ʻa e tokotaha mahaki taʻu hongofulu tupu, ʻa ia ʻokú ne pehē pē: “Mavahe mei he meʻakai vevé pea nofoʻaki moʻui lelei.”

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8, 9]

Ko e Ngafa ʻo e Suká

Ko e suká ʻa e maʻuʻanga ivi ʻo e fanga kiʻi sela ʻe laui tiliona ʻo e sinó. Kae kehe, ke hū ki he fanga kiʻi selá, ʻokú ne fiemaʻu ha “kī”—ko e ʻinisulini, ko ha kemikale ʻoku tukuange mai ʻe he lama ʻo e keté. ʻI he suka Kalasi 1, ʻoku ʻikai pē ke ala maʻu ai ʻa e ʻinisuliní ia. ʻI he Kalasi 2, ʻoku faʻu ʻe he sinó ʻa e ʻinisuliní ka ʻoku ʻikai ke faʻa feʻunga.g ʻIkai ngata aí, ʻoku toumoua ʻa e fanga kiʻi selá ke fakaʻatā ki loto ʻa e ʻinisuliní—ko ha tuʻunga ʻa ia ʻoku ui ko e talitekeʻi ʻo e ʻinisuliní. ʻI he founga fakatouʻosi ʻo e suká, ko e olá ʻoku tatau pē: ko e fanga kiʻi sela ʻoku fiekaia mo e ngaahi lēvolo fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e suká ʻi he totó.

ʻI he suka Kalasi 1, ko e sisitemi maluʻi ʻo ha taha ʻokú ne ʻohofi ʻe ia ʻa e fanga kiʻi sela peta ʻoku nau faʻu ʻinisulini ʻi he lama ʻo e keté. Ko ia ai, ko e suka Kalasi 1 ko ha mahaki fakaʻauha sino pea ʻoku ui he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e suka fakaʻauha heliaki. Ko e ngaahi meʻa tefito ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ne fakatupunga ha tali maluʻí ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e ngaahi vailasí, ngaahi kemikale koná, mo e ngaahi faitoʻo ʻe niʻihi. ʻOku toe kau nai ki ai ʻa e faʻunga fakakēnisí, he ko e suka Kalasi 1 ʻoku faʻa hoko lahi ia ʻi he ngaahi fāmilí, pea ʻoku maʻu lahi tahá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau pālangí.

ʻI he suka Kalasi 2, ʻoku toe mālohi ange ai ʻa e kaunga ʻa e kēnisí ia ka ʻoku hoko lahi ange ia ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e faʻahinga ʻikai ko e kau pālangí. Ko e kau ʻapo ʻAositelēliá mo e kau ʻInitia Kula ʻi ʻAmeliká ʻoku nau ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku uesia lahi tahá, ko e kau ʻInitia Kulá ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e tuʻunga māʻolunga taha ʻo e suka Kalasi 2 ʻi he māmaní. ʻOku ako ʻe he kau fakatotoló ʻa e felāveʻi ʻa e ngaahi kēnisí mo e sisinó, pea pehē ki he founga ʻoku hā ngali fakalahi ai ʻe he tōtuʻa ʻo e ngakó ʻa e talitekeʻi ʻo e ʻinisuliní ʻi he kakai ʻoku ala tōngofua fakakēnisí.h ʻI he ʻikai tatau mo e Kalasi 1, ko e suka Kalasi 2 ʻoku hoko tefito ia ʻi he faʻahinga ʻoku nau laka hake he taʻu 40.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā]

Molekula suka

[Maʻuʻanga]

Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

[Puha ʻi he peesi 9]

Ko e Ngafa ʻo e Lama ʻo e Keté

ʻI he lahi nai ʻo ha foʻi siaine, ʻoku tokoto ʻa e lama ʻo e keté ʻi mui pē ʻi he keté. Fakatatau ki he tohi The Unofficial Guide to Living With Diabetes, “ko e lama ʻo e keté ʻa ia ʻoku moʻui leleí ʻokú ne fakahoko ha ngāue hokohoko totonu mo mafamafatatau, ʻi he ngāue ke tauhi maʻu ʻa e ngaahi lēvolo lelei mo tuʻumaʻu ʻo e suka he totó ʻaki hono tukuange mai ʻa e lahi totonu tofu pē ʻo e ʻinisuliní ʻi he ʻahó kotoa ʻi he ʻalu hake mo e ʻalu hifo ʻa e lēvolo ʻo e suká.” Ko e fanga kiʻi sela peta ʻi he loto lama ʻo e keté ʻa e tupuʻanga ʻo e ʻinisulini hōmoné.

ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻikai lava ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi sela petá ke faʻu ha ʻinisulini feʻungá, ʻoku fakautuutu ai ʻa e suka ʻi he totó, ʻo fakatupunga ai ʻa e suka māʻolunga. Ko e tuʻunga fehangahangaí—ʻa e māʻulalo ʻo e suka he totó—ʻoku ui ia ko e suka māʻulalo. ʻI he feongoongoi mo e lama ʻo e keté, ʻoku tokoni ʻa e ʻaté ki hono puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi lēvolo ʻo e suka he totó ʻaki hono tātānaki ʻa e suka ʻoku fuʻu lahí ʻi ha faʻunga ʻoku ui ko e kilikoseni. ʻI hono puleʻi atu ʻe he lama ʻo e keté, ʻoku liliu fakafoki ai ʻe he ʻaté ʻa e kilikoseni ki he suká ke ngāueʻaki ʻe he sinó.

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 9]

Ko e Ngafa ʻo e Suká

Ko ha maʻuhala lahi ia ʻa e pehē ko e kai ha suka lahí ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e suká. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakamoʻoni fakafaitoʻó ko e hoko ʻo sinó—tatau ai pē pe ko e hā ʻa e suka ʻoku maʻú—ʻoku tupulaki ai ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e faʻahinga tāutaha ʻoku nau ala tōngofua fakakēnisí. Neongo ia, ko e kai ʻo fuʻu lahi ʻa e suká ʻoku ʻikai fakatupu moʻui lelei, koeʻuhí ʻokú ne ʻomai ʻa e fafanga ʻikai lelei pea ʻe iku ia ki he fuʻu sinó.

Ko e maʻuhala ʻe taha ko e pehē ko ia ko e kakai ʻoku suká ʻoku nau maʻu ha holi anga-kehe ki he suká. Ko ia, ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e holi tatau ki he ngaahi meʻa melié ʻo hangē ko e niʻihi kehe tokolahi. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻikai mapuleʻi aí, ʻe lava ke iku ʻa e suká ki he fiekaia—ka ʻoku ʻikai ko e faʻa fiekaia ia ki he suká. ʻOku lava ke kai meʻa melie ʻa e kakai suká, ka kuo pau ke nau fakakau ʻenau maʻu ʻa e suká ki heʻenau palani ʻo ʻenau meʻakai fakalūkufuá.

Kuo fakahā ʻi he ngaahi ako ki mui ní ko ha meʻakai ʻoku māʻolunga ai ʻa e falakitose​—suka ʻoku maʻu mei he ngaahi fuaʻi ʻakaú mo e vesitapoló—ʻe lava ke tokoni ia ki hono talitekeʻi ʻo e ʻinisuliní pea naʻa mo e suka ʻi he fanga manú, ʻo tatau ai pē pe ko e hā honau mamafá.

[Taiakalami/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8, 9]

Fakamatalaʻi Faingofua ʻo e Suká

LAMA ʻO E KETÉ

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Tokotaha Moʻui Lelei Suka Kalasi 1 Suka Kalasi 2

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[Taiakalami]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu, sio ki he tohi)

SELA

Molekula tali ʻinisulini

Hūʻanga

ʻInisulini

ʻElito

Suka

[Taiakalami]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu, sio ki he tohi)

KĀLAVA

Fanga kiʻi sela kulokula ʻo e totó

Suka

[Maʻuʻanga]

Tangata: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]

Ko e meʻakai totonú ʻoku fiemaʻu ia ki he kau puke he suká

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 10]

Ko e kau puke he suká ʻe lava ke nau fiefia ʻi he ngaahi ngāue anga-mahení