Houtamakí—Ngaahi Tupuʻangá mo e Ikuʻangá

KO E HĀ ʻokú ne fakatupunga ha kiʻi tama ke kamata houtamaki ki he niʻihi kehé? Kapau kuo ngaohikoviʻi koe ʻi ha taimi ʻe ha toko taha houtamaki, ʻe ʻahiʻahiʻi nai koe ke ke pehē, “ʻOku ʻikai te u tokanga au ki ai! ʻOku ʻikai ke fakatonuhiaʻi ai ʻa e faʻahinga tōʻonga ia ko iá.” Pea ngalingali pē ʻokú ke tonu. Ka ʻoku ʻi ai ha faikehekehe lahi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ha ʻuhinga pea mo ha fakatonuhia. Ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga ʻoku hoko ai ha kiʻi tama ko ha taha houtamakí ʻoku ʻikai fakatonuhiaʻi ai ʻa e tōʻonga halá ia, ka ʻoku tokoni nai ia kia kitautolu ke tau mahinoʻi ai ia. Pea ko e vavanga peheé ʻe lava ke ʻi ai hono mahuʻinga moʻoni. ʻO anga-fēfē?

ʻOku pehē ʻe ha palōveepi motuʻa: “Ko e fakapotopoto [pe vavanga] ʻa ha tangata ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakatotoka ai ki he ʻita.” (Palovepi 19:11) Ko e ʻita ki he ʻulungāanga ʻo e toko taha houtamakí ʻe lava ke ne ʻai ke tau puputuʻu, ʻo fakafonu kitautolu ʻaki e ongoʻi feifeitamaki pea naʻa mo e tāufehiʻa. Ka ko e vavanga ki heʻene tōʻongá ʻe tokoni nai ia ke fakamokomoko hifo ai ʻetau ʻitá. ʻA ia, ʻi he meʻa ko iá, ʻe fakaʻatā nai ai kitautolu ke tau mahinoʻi māʻalaʻala ange ia ʻi heʻetau fekumi ki ha ngaahi fakaleleiʻangá. Ko ia tau lāulea angé ki ha ngaahi meʻa tefito ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e tōʻonga ʻikai ala tali ko ení.

Ko e Hā ʻOkú Ne Fakatupunga ʻa e Houtamakí?

ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi ko e ʻuluaki ngaahi taʻu ʻo e houtamakí ʻoku fakameleʻi ia ʻe he faʻifaʻitakiʻanga kovi fakaemātuʻá pe ʻi he liʻekina fakahangatonú. Ko e kau houtamaki tokolahi ʻoku nau haʻu mei he ngaahi ʻapi ʻa ia ko e ngaahi mātuʻá ʻoku ʻikai te nau anga-fakakaumeʻa pe taʻemahuʻingaʻia, pe ko hono moʻoní, kuo nau akoʻi ʻenau fānaú ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e tōlilí mo e fakamālohí ke fakaleleiʻiʻaki ʻa e ngaahi palopalemá. Ko e fānau ʻoku ʻohake ʻi ha ʻātakai peheé ʻoku ʻikai nai te nau fakakaukau ki heʻenau ngaahi ʻohofi fakaeleá mo e tōʻonga fakaaoao fakaesinó ko e houtamaki; ʻoku aʻu nai ʻo nau fakakaukau ko ʻenau tōʻongá ko e meʻa anga-maheni mo ala tali ia.

Ko ha taʻahine taʻu 16 ʻe taha ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻa e houtamaki ki ai ʻi ʻapi ʻe heʻene tamai-uá pea mo e kaungāako ʻi he ʻapiakó, ʻokú ne pehē naʻá ne hoko tonu ko ha toko taha houtamaki ʻi heʻene ʻi he kuleiti fitú. ʻOkú ne fakahaaʻi: “ʻI hono tefitó ko ha ʻita lahi naʻe faʻu ʻi loto ʻiate aú; naʻá ku fai ha houtamaki ki ha taha pē mo e toko taha kotoa pē. Ko e ongoʻi mamahí ko ha meʻa lahi ia. ʻI hoʻo ongoʻi pē ʻa e mamahí, ʻokú ke loto ke ʻoange ia ki he niʻihi kehé.” Lolotonga ko e anga-fakaaoao fakaesino peheé ʻoku ʻikai nai fakanatula ia ʻi he kau houtamaki fefiné, ʻoku pehē ʻa e ʻita makatuʻunga ʻi he houtamakí.a

ʻOku maʻu ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiako lahi ʻa e fuʻu kau ako tokolahi mei he ngaahi ʻātakai kehekehe, ʻa ia kuo ʻohake ʻi he ngaahi founga kehekehe lahi. Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, he ʻoku anga-fakaaoao ʻa e fānau ʻe niʻihi koeʻuhí ne akoʻi kinautolu ʻi ʻapi ʻo pehē ko hono fakailifiaʻi mo hono ngaohikoviʻi fakaelea ʻa e niʻihi kehé ʻa e ngaahi founga lelei taha ki hono maʻu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku nau fiemaʻú.

Ko hono pangó, he ko e ngaahi founga peheé ʻoku faʻa hā ngali lavameʻa ia. Ko Shelley Hymel, ko e pule ʻo e kautaha ako ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo British Columbia, Kānatá, kuó ne ako ki he tōʻonga ʻa e fānaú ʻo feʻunga mo e hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe ua. ʻOkú ne pehē: “Kuo mau maʻu ʻa e kau leka ʻa ia ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e founga ke maʻu ai e meʻa ʻoku nau fiemaʻú pea ko hono pangó, he ʻoku ola lelei ʻa e houtamakí. ʻOku nau maʻu e meʻa ʻoku nau loto ki aí—ʻoku nau maʻu e mālohi, tuʻunga mo e tokangaekina.”

Ko e meʻa tefito ʻe taha ʻoku tokoni ki he tupu ʻāfaʻafa ʻa e houtamakí ko e ʻikai ha fakahinohinó. ʻOku ongoʻi ʻe he kau maʻukovia tokolahi ʻoku ʻikai ha feituʻu ke nau hanga ki ai—pea ko e meʻa fakamamahí he ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi tahá ʻoku nau moʻoni. Ko Debra Pepler, ko e talēkita ʻo e Senitā LaMarsh ki he Fekumi ki he Fakaleleiʻanga ʻo e Fakamālohí mo e Fepakí ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti York ʻi Toronto, naʻá ne fekumi ki he kau akó ʻi ha tuʻunga he ʻapiakó ʻo ʻiloʻi ai ko e kau faiakó ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi pea taʻofi ha peseti pē ʻe 4 ʻo e ngaahi houtamaki ʻoku hokó.

Neongo ia, ʻoku tui a Dr. Pepler ko e kau mai ki aí ʻoku mahuʻinga. ʻOkú ne pehē: “ʻOku ʻikai malava ʻa e fānaú ke solova ʻa e palopalemá koeʻuhi ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo e mālohí, pea ko e taimi taki taha ʻoku fakahohaʻasi ai ʻe ha toko taha houtamaki ha tahá, ʻoku ʻai ke toe mālohi ange ai ʻa e mālohi ʻo e toko taha houtamakí.”

Ko ia ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai līpooti ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga lahi ange ʻo e houtamakí? Koeʻuhí ʻoku tuipau ʻa e faʻahinga maʻukovia ʻo e houtamakí kapau te nau līpooti ʻa e palopalemá, ʻe hoko pē ia ʻo toe kovi ange ai. Ko ia, ʻi ha tuʻunga, ʻoku fakamoleki ʻe he toʻutupu tokolahi honau ngaahi taʻu akó ʻi ha tuʻunga tuʻumaʻu ʻo e loto-moʻuá mo e taʻemalú. Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo e moʻui ʻi he founga ko iá?

Ngaahi Ola Fakaesino mo Fakaeongo

Ko ha līpooti mei he Kautaha Fakafonua ʻo e Akoʻanga ʻa e Kau Toketā ki he ʻAtamaí ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté ʻoku pehē ai ʻoku laka hake ʻi he toko 160,000 ʻoku nau liʻaki ʻa e akó ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pē koeʻuhi ko ʻenau manavahē ki he houtamakí. Ko e ngaahi tāketi ʻa e houtamakí ʻoku tuku nai ʻenau talanoa fekauʻaki mo e akó pe fekauʻaki mo ha kalasi tefito pe ngāue ʻi he ʻapiakó. ʻOku nau feinga nai ke ʻalu tōmui ki he akó ʻi he ʻaho taki taha, pe liʻaki ʻa e ngaahi kalasí, pe aʻu ʻo nau fai ha ngaahi kalofanga ke liʻaki fakakātoa ai e akó.

ʻOku anga-fēfē nai hono ʻiloʻi ʻa e fānau ʻoku fai ki ai e houtamakí? Sai, ʻoku nau hoko nai ʻo fakaumiuminoa, ʻitangofua, ongoʻi feifeitamaki, pe tōʻonga helaʻia mo fakamavahevahe. ʻOku nau hoko nai ʻo fakaaoao ki he faʻahinga ʻi ʻapí pe ko e ngaahi toʻumeʻá mo e ngaahi kaumeʻá. Ko e kau tuʻu ʻo mamata tonuhiá ʻa ia ʻoku nau sio he ngaahi tōʻonga houtamakí ʻoku nau toe hokosia foki ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa kovi. ʻOku fakatupunga ʻe he tuʻungá ʻa e manavahē lahi ʻiate kinautolu, ʻa ia ʻoku toʻo ai ʻenau malava ke akó.

Kae kehe, ko e pepa Pediatrics in Review ʻoku pehē ai: “Ko e nunuʻa lahi taha ʻo e houtamaki ki he faʻahinga maʻukoviá mo e sōsaietí ko e fakamālohí, ʻo kau ai ʻa e taonakitá mo e fakapoó. Ko e ongoʻi ʻo e ʻikai ha mālohi ʻoku hokosia ʻe he fānau ʻoku ngaohikoviá ʻe lava ke mātuʻaki lahi ia ʻo taliʻaki ai ʻe he niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga fakaʻauha-kita pe sāuni fakatupu mate.”

Ko Dr. Ed Adlaf, ko ha faisaienisi fakatotolo mo e palōfesa ʻo e saienisi ki he moʻui lelei ʻa e kakaí ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Toronto, ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ʻa e hohaʻa ʻo pehē ko e “faʻahinga ʻoku kau ki he houtamakí ʻoku ngalingali lahi ange ke nau hokosia ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻaʻia fakaeongo he taimí ni pea ʻi he kahaʻú.” Lolotonga ʻa e taʻu fakaako 2001, naʻe saveaʻi ai ʻa e kau ako Ontario laka hake he toko 225,000, pea ko honau niʻihi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e vahe fā ʻe tahá mo e vahe tolu ʻe tahá naʻa nau kau ʻi ha faʻahinga founga ʻo e houtamakí, ko ha tāketi pe ko ha toko taha fakahoko. ʻI he kulupu tatau, ko e toko 1 ʻi he toko 10 naʻa nau fakakaukau fakamātoato ki he taonakitá.

Ko e houtamaki hokohokó ʻokú ne keina nai ʻa e falala fakaekita ʻa e toko taha maʻukoviá, fakatupunga ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakaemoʻui lelei mafatukituki, pea aʻu ʻo ne maumaʻuʻi ha ngāue. Ko e kau maʻukovia ʻe he houtamakí ʻoku nau hokosia nai ʻa e ngaahi langa ʻulu, tuʻunga taʻemamohe, loto-moʻua, mo e loto-mafasia. ʻOku tupu ʻi he niʻihi ʻa e mahaki kulukia tamakí. Lolotonga ia ʻoku fakatupunga nai ʻe he ngaahi ʻohofi fakaesinó ha taumalingi mai ʻo e poupou kaungāongoʻi ki he toko taha maʻukoviá, ʻoku ʻikai nai ʻomai ʻe he ngaahi ʻohofi fakaeongó ia ʻa e ongoʻi tatau. ʻOku siʻisiʻi mamaʻo ai ʻa e hā ʻa e maumaú. Ko ia ʻi he ʻikai kaungāongoʻí, ʻoku helaʻia nai ʻa e ngaahi kaumeʻá mo e fāmilí ʻi he fanongo ki he ngaahi lāunga ʻa e toko taha maʻukoviá.

Ko e houtamakí ʻoku toe ʻi ai hono ngaahi nunuʻa kovi ki he kau houtamakí tonu. Kapau ʻe ʻikai taʻofi ʻi he kei siʻí, ʻoku ngalingali te nau tupu hake ʻo houtamaki ki he niʻihi kehe ʻi he ngāueʻangá. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku fakaeʻa ʻi he ngaahi fekumi ʻe niʻihi ko e faʻahinga ko ia ne nau houtamaki ʻi he tuʻunga ko e fānaú ʻoku nau fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi sīpinga fakaeʻulungāanga ʻa ia ʻoku aʻu ki he moʻui ko e toko taha lahí. ʻOku toe ngalingali lahi ange ke nau maʻu ha lēkooti faihia ʻi he faʻahinga naʻe ʻikai ko ha kau houtamakí.

Ko e Uesia ki he Fāmilí

Ko e houtamaki ʻi he ngāueʻangá ʻokú ne uesia ʻa e tuʻumaʻu mo e nonga ʻa e fāmilí. ʻE lava ke ne fakatupunga ha holi taʻealafakamatalaʻi ki he tāketí, pe ko e toko taha maʻukoviá, ke ne fakamamahiʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻofeina ʻi ʻapí. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻe lava ke tataki ai ha hoa mali pe mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí ke ne faitau mo e houtamakí ʻi ha fakahāhā takihalaʻi ʻo e poupou ki he toko taha maʻukoviá. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻe tukuakiʻi nai ʻe ha hoa mali ʻa hono hoa maʻukoviá ki hono fakatupunga ʻo e faingataʻá. ʻI he hokohoko atu fuoloa ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga pehē ʻo e houtamakí ʻo ʻikai fakaleleiʻí, naʻa mo e ngaahi hoa mali ʻoku nau fai poupoú kuo ʻiloa ʻa e ʻosi ʻenau kātakí. ʻI he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi taʻú, ʻoku ngalingali lahi ange ke movete ʻa e fāmilí.

ʻI he ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻe niʻihi ʻoku iku ʻa e houtamakí ki ha mole ʻa e ngāué mo e maʻuʻanga moʻuí, ki he māvae mo e vete, pe naʻa mo e taonakita. Ko e vahaʻa ʻo e vaeua ʻe taha mo e vahe tolu ʻe ua ʻo e faʻahinga maʻukovia ʻi ʻAositelēlia ʻi he houtamaki he ngāueʻangá naʻa nau līpooti ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa kovi ʻi honau ngaahi vahaʻangatae ofí, hangē ko ia mo honau ngaahi hoá, hoa malí, pe fāmilí.

ʻOku Fakamole ʻa e Houtamakí

Ko e houtamaki ʻi he ngāueʻangá ʻoku toe fakamole foki ia ki he kau pule ngāué. Ko ha toko taha houtamaki he ngāueʻangá ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha pule lea kovi, pe ko ha kaungāngāue kākā pea ʻoku ngalingali ke hoko ia ki ha fefine pe ko e tangata. Ko e faʻahinga peheé ʻoku nau puleʻi tōtuʻa, tokanga lahi ki he fanga kiʻi meʻa īkí, pea tuku hifo ʻa e niʻihi kehé ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala fakalotosiʻi mo e fakaanga hokohoko. Ko e kau houtamakí ʻoku tātātaha ke nau ʻiloʻi ʻenau anga taʻefakaʻapaʻapá pe kole fakamolemole ki heʻenau tōʻongá. ʻOku nau faʻa ngaohikoviʻi ʻa e kau ngāue ʻoku nau lavameʻa, mateaki pea saiʻia lahi ai ʻa e kaungāngāué.

Ko e kau ngāue ʻoku nau hokosia ʻa e houtamakí ʻoku nau hehema ke ngāue ʻikai loko ola lelei. Ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e kaungāngāue ʻoku nau siotonu he houtamakí ʻoku toe uesia mo ia. ʻOku lava ke tataki ʻe he houtamakí ʻa e kau ngāué ke nau ongoʻi ʻoku siʻi ʻenau mateaki ki honau pule ngāué pea siʻi ʻenau tōtōivi heʻenau ngāué. ʻOku taukaveʻi ʻe ha līpooti ʻe taha ʻoku fakahoko ʻe he kau houtamakí ʻa e fakamole, ʻo fakafuofua ki he tola ʻe tolu pilioná ʻi he ngāueʻanga ʻi he Puleʻanga Fakatahataha Pilitāniá ʻi he taʻu taki taha. Pea ʻoku pehē ko e tōʻonga peheé ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e peseti laka hake he 30 ʻo e ngaahi mahaki felāveʻi mo e loto-mafasiá.

ʻOku hā mahino, ko e houtamakí ʻokú ne uesia ʻa e sōsaietí ʻi māmani lahi. Ko e fehuʻí, ʻE lava ke fai ha meʻa ke taʻotaʻofi ʻaki ʻa e palopalemá pea fakangata ʻosi?

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]

Ko e houtamaki ʻi he ngāueʻangá ʻoku fuʻu lahi

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]

Ko e faʻahinga maʻukovia ʻo e houtamaki hokohokó ʻoku lava ke nau loto-siʻi mo tuēnoa