“Jehova” naa “Yahweh”?
“MISYOBO yaandeene iivweleene,” “ibbala lidibene lizwa kumyaambo iyiindene-indene,” “ikuleya kupati kwakuzwaa munzila.” Ncinzi cakacitya bahaabupambu ba Cihebrayo camu Bbaibbele kubelesya twaambo tukankaizya boobu? Ikaambo kapati kabandikwa awa nkakuti naa mbotwaamba bbala lyakuti “Jehova” nenzila iiluleme yakwaamba zina lya Leza. Kwamyaka iyiinda kumwaanda omwe, ikuzwangana mumakani aaya kwazumanana. Sunu bahaabupampu banji basala kubelesya zina lijisi zibeela zyobile buyo lyakuti “Yahweh.” Pele sena mbotwaamba bbala lyakuti “Jehova” mucini-cini “nkuleya kupati kwakuzwaa munzila”?
Imatalikilo Aakuzwangana
Ikweelana acaamba Bbaibbele, Leza lwakwe wakalizibya zina lyakwe kubantu. (Kulonga 3:15) Ibumboni bwamu Magwalo butondezya kuti balanda ba Leza bansiku bakalibelesya izina elyo cakwaanguluka. (Matalikilo 12:8; Rute 2:4) Alimwi izina lya Leza lyakalizizyilwe akuzisi zimbi. (Joshua 2:9) Eci cakacitika ikapati ciindi ba Juda ibakapilukide kuzwa kubuzike mu Babuloni nobakaswaangana abantu bazisi zinji. (Intembauzyo 96:2-10; Isaya 12:4; Malaki 1:11) The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible yaamba kuti: “Kuli bumboni bunji bwakuti kuciindi nobwakamana buzike bwaba Juda, bamuzwakule banji bakabukkomanina bukombi bwaba Juda.” Pele kuzikusika mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna C.E., ikuyoowa kwaamba zina lya Leza kwakalitalikide. Mukuya kwamazuba, imukowa waba Juda tiiwakalekede buyo kubelesya zina lya Leza caantangalala pele bamwi mane bakakasya nokuba kulyaamba buyo. Aboobo mbolyeelede kwaambwa kabotu kwakaloba—sena mbombubo?
Ncinzi Cili Muzina?
Mumwaambo wa Cihebrayo, izina lya Leza lilembedwe kuti יהוה. Imabala aaya one aabalwa kuzwa kululyo kuya kulumwensyi, kanjikanji aambwa kuti Tetragrammaton. Imazina manji aabantu alimwi amasena aambwa mu Bbaibbele ajisi zina lya Leza lifwiinsidwe. Sena cilakonzyeka kuti imaiminizi aamazina aaya aabantu amasena inga apa mizeezo imwi kujatikizya mbolyakali kwaambwa izina lya Leza?
Kweelana a George Buchanan, iwakalekede mulimo wabu Professor akaambo kakukomena pele kaciitwa boobo ku Wesley Theological Seminary, Washington D.C. mu U.S.A., ibwiinguzi mbwakuti inzya. Professor Buchanan upandulula kuti: “Insiku, bazyali kanjikanji bakali kuulika bana babo mazina aatuleza ntobakali kukomba. Eci caamba kuti bakali kwaamba mazina aabana babo mbubonya mbuli mbwaambwa mazina aatuleza oto. Tetragrammaton yakabikkilizyigwa mumazina aabantu alimwi lyoonse bakali kubelesya vawelo lyaakati.”
Amubone zikozyanyo zisyoonto buyo zyamazina aabantu aajanika mu Bbaibbele aabikkilizya azina lya Leza lifwiinsidwe. Jonatani, mu Bbaibbele lya Cihebrayo ilijanika kalili Yoh·na·thanʹ naa Yehoh·na·thanʹ, lyaamba kuti “Yaho naa Yahowah wapa,” obu mbwaamba Professor Bunchanan. Mu Cihebrayo, izina lya Eliya ngu ʼE·li·yahʹ naa ʼE·li·yaʹhu. Kweelana abwaamba Professor Bunchanan, izina elyo lyaamba kuti: “Leza wangu ngu Yahoo naa Yahoo-wah.” Mbubwena buyo, izina lya Cihebrayo lya Josafati ngu Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, ilyaamba kuti “Yaho wabeteka.”
Ikwaamba kwamuzibeela zyobile buyo kwa Tetragrammaton kwakuti “Yahweh” inga takuzumizyi kuti vawelo o kalilimvwisya muzina lya Leza. Pele mumazina manji aamu Bbaibbele aajatikizya zina lya Leza, ivawelo eeli lyaakati lilajanika muzina likkwene alimwi ilifwiinsidwe mbuli muli Jehonatani alimwi a Jonatani. Aboobo kujatikizya zina lya Leza, Professor Buchanan waamba kuti: “Ivawelo oo naa oh ziyume zibe buti talyeelede kusyaala pe. Zimwi ziindi ibbala lyakali kufwiinsigwa kuba ‘Ya,’ pele kwiina nolyakaba ‘Ya-weh.’ . . . Tetragrammaton noyakali kwaambwa mucibeela comwe buyo yakali ‘Yah’ naa ‘Yo.’ Noyakali kwaambwa muzibeela zyotatwe, yakeelede kuba ‘Yahowah’ naa Yahoowah.’ Ikuti kuli ciindi noyakafwiinsidwe kuba muzibeela zyobile buyo yeelede kuti yakali ‘Yaho.’”—Biblical Archaeology Review.
Imakani aaya atugwasya kuzyiba kaambo kakaambwaa haabupampu wa Cihebrayo wamumwaanda wamyaka wa 19 Gesenius mubbuku lyakwe lyakuti Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriputures kuti: “Aabo ibaamba kuti יהוה [Ye-ho-wah] mbombubo mbolyakeelede kwaambwa [izina lya Leza] kuli mpobayeeme kujatikizya muzeezo wabo. Mukucita boobo, izibeela zifwiinsidwe zya יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] alimwi a יוֹ [Yo], imazina manji aabantu amasena nzyaatalisya kulakonzya kupandululwa kabotu.”
Nokuba boobo, imakani aakwe aamatalikilo mubusanduluzi bwakwe bwaino-ino bwabbuku litegwa The Five Books of Moses, Everett Fox waamba kuti: “Ikusoleka kwakaindi akwasunu kwakuboozya mbolyeelede kwaambwa ‘cakululama’ izina lya [Leza] mu Cihebrayo tiikwazwidilila pe; aboobo ilizyibidwe limvwugwa zimwi ziindi lyakuti ‘Jehova’ naa lyalyoonse kuli basikwiiya banji lyakuti ‘Yahweh’ kwiina nolinga lyasinizigwa cakumaninina.”
Kakunyina kudooneka, ikukazyanya kwabahaabupampu mumakani aaya kulazumanana. Bama Juda bakaleka kwaamba izina lya Leza wakasimpe ba Masorete kabatanatalika kubelesya mavawelo. Aboobo kwiina nzila iisinizizye yakuzyiba mavawelo aakali kulembwaa makkonsonanti aa YHWH (יהוה). Nokuba boobo, imazina meni aabantu bamu Bbaibbele balaampuwo—ibwini-bwini mbwaambwa imazinaabo ikwatakaloba—kupa nzila iisinizidwe kujatikizya mbolyakali kwaambwa nsiku izina lya Leza. Akaambo kaceeci, bahaabupampu bamwi balazumina ikuti kwaamba kuti “Jehova” takuli “kuleya kupati kwakuzwaa munzila” pe.
[Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 31]
“Jehova” nkokwaamba ikuzizyilwe kapati kwazina lya Leza