Ibulangizi Bubotu Ibwasoolu

BASIKALUMAMBA ba Roma teebakali kulangila kuzijana boobu zintu. Nobakali kulongomoka kunjila mudinga lyaa cilundu ca Masada, yalo yakali nempangala iisyeede iyabasikalumamba bazangi ba Juda, bakali kulangila kulwanwa abasinkondonyina, ikumvwa kuwelela kwabasikalumamba, ikukwiila kwabamakaintu abana. Pele bakaide kumvwa buyo mulilo nkuupasauka nsasi. Mbubakali kuyaabulingula munzi oyu uuyaka, iba Roma bakakazyiba kasimpe kayoosya ikakuti basinkondonyina—ibasika ku 960—bakafwide kale! Acaali, basikalumamba ba Juda bakali bajayaula mikwasyi yabo, bamane bajayana beni. Mwaalumi wakasyaalizya wakalijaya mwini.a Ncinzi cakabasisya kubujayi obu akulijaya oku kwamubunji?

Ikweelana acaamba sikwiiya zyaciindi iwakuciindeeco Josefaasi, icintu cipati lwakali lusyomo lwakuti soolu ncintu citafwi. Eleazar Ben Jair, imusololi wa Bazangi abo bamu Masada, wakasaanguna kukombelezya bantu bakwe kusyoma kuti inga basyaazya bulemu kuti balijaya kwiinda kuti bajaigwa naa batolwa buzike kuba Roma. Naakabona kuti beenkeenka, wakatalika kubaambila cabusungu kujatikizya soolu. Wakabaambila kuti mubili ncisinkilizyo buyo, naa nintolongo kusoolu. Wakazumanana akwaamba kuti: “Iciindi niyaangululwa kumukuli ooyu wiijisilidi ansi ano uuivwungaide, soolu ilapiluka kubusena bwayo, mpoona mubwini-bwini ilatola lubazu mukubaa nguzu zilongezedwe alimwi izitagoli pe, tiinooboneki pe kubantu mbubonya mbwabede Leza Lwakwe.”

Ninzi cakatobela? Josefaasi uluula kuti Eleazar mbwaakamanina buyo kwaambaula kwaciindi cilamfwu munzila eyi “boonse baswiilizi bakwe bakamukosokezya kwaamba mpoona mubusungu butakwe ambobucitwa bakabindaana kuyoocita mucito oyo.” Josefaasi ulayungizya akuti: “Mbuli kuti mbantu banjidwe bakavwuumuka, aumwi kayandide kapati kubeelela mweenzinyina, . . . teeakali kukonzeka kwiimika makanze abo aakujaya bamakaintu babo, bana babo, mpoona alwabo beni.”

Eeci cikozyanyo cisesemya cilatondezya mpocinga caakutaana ciyiisyo casoolu iitafwi ikucinca mbuli mbobalulanga ilufwu bantu. Basyomi balayiisyigwa kulubona kuti ilufwu tali ngosinkondonyina amuntu iwiinda, pele ikuti mulyango buyo waangulula soolu kuti ibe abuumi busumpukide. Pele nkaambo nzi ino abo Bazangi bama Juda ncobakacisyomena eci? Ibanji inga kabaide kuti malembe abo aasalala, Imagwalo aa Cihebrayo, alayiisya kuti muntu ulaa muuya uulaa mizeezo mulinguwe, antela isoolu iizwa kutegwa izumanane kupona lwainda lufwu. Sena ayo mmasimpe?

Soolu mu Magwalo aa Cihebrayo

Mujwi lyomwe buyo inga kwategwa peepe. Mweena mubbuku lyakusaanguna mu Bbaibbele, lya Matalikilo, twaambilwa kuti soolu tacili cintu ncomujisi biya pe, nywebo ndendinywe ncinco. Kujatikizya kulengwa kwa Adamu, imuntu wakusaanguna, tubala kuti: “Muntu wakaba muumi.” (Matalikilo 2:7) Ibbala lya Cihebrayo ilyakuti neʹphesh ilibelesyegwa waawa ilyaamba muumi naa soolu, lilalibonya ziindi ziinda biya ku 700 mu Magwalo aa Cihebrayo, kakutakwe naaba amwi mpolipandulula cibeela camuntu icilibedelede, imuzimo naa muuya. Yalo soolu, ncintu cini-cini biya icamubili alimwi cijatika.

Amuzilange zibalo ezi zitobela mu Bbaibbele lyenu nobeni, nkaambo mu Cihebrayo ibbala lya neʹphesh lilajanika moonse omu. Zilatondezya kabotu-kabotu kuti soolu ncintu cinga cabbigwa, cinga cayoowa lufwu, icinga caloboka (Deuteronomo 24:7; Babetesi 9:17; 1 Samuele 19:11); icinga caangwa nsimbi (Intembauzyo 105:18); icinga cayanda kulya, caliimya cakulya, cafwa nzala anyota; caciswa bulwazi bukotezya, cawizuka akaambo kabuusu. (Deuteronomo 12:20; Intembauzyo 35:13; 69:10; 106:15; 107:9; 119:28) Ikucaamba bumbi inga kwategwa akaambo kakuti soolu yenu ndendinywe biya kumugama, isoolu yenu ilacitikilwa zintu kufwumbwa nzyomunga mwacitikilwa nywebo.b

Sena eco lino caamba kuti soolu ncintu cinga cafwa? Ee. Imasoolu aabantunsi tazili zintu zitafwi, pele mu Magwalo aa Cihebrayo aambwa kutandwa, naa “kujaigwa”, akaambo kakubisya, ikukwamaunwa. (Kulonga 31:14; Deuteronomo 19:6; 22:26; Intembauzyo 7:2) “Muntu [soolu naa neʹphesh] uubisya ngonguwe uuyoofwa,” mbwaamba Ezekieli kucaandaano ca 18 kapango ka 4. Kalasalala kaambo kakuti lufwu ngamamanino aamasoolu aabuntunsi oonse, mbwaanga toonse tulabisya. (Intembauzyo 51:5) Muntu wakusaanguna Adamu wakaambilwa kuti cisubulo cakubisya ndufwu—kutali kulonzelwa kucisi camizimo naa kukutafwa. (Matalikilo 2:17) Alimwi naakabisya wakapegwa cisubulo munzila eyi: “Nkaambo uli bulongo buyo, akooko kubulongo nkoelede kupiluka.” (Matalikilo 3:19) Ciindi ba Adamu a Eva nobakafwa, bakaide kuba “mitunta” naa ‘basoolu [neʹphesh] bafwide.’—Myeelwe 5:2; 6:6.

Anu The Encyclopedia Americana nciyaambila boobu kujatikizya soolu mu Magwalo aa Cihebrayo: “Mu Cizuminano Cakaindi imuzeezo ngwakuti buntu mbumwi, tuuli wakuswaangana kwasoolu amubili.” Ilayungizya akwaamba kuti: “Nefesh . . . taakwe niiyeeyelwa kulibeda yini kakutakwe mubili.”

Ino balo bama Juda basyomeka ilufwu bakali kulusyoma kuba nzi? Ikukakosaula kaambo, bakali kusyoma kuti ikusandamuna bupanduluzi bwabuumi ncolwaamba lufwu. Intembauzyo 146:4 ilatwaambila cicitika ciindi muuya, naa nguzu zyabuumi, nozizwa mumuntu ategwa: “Muuya wakwe wazwa, ulabweeda kubulongo; mubuzuba obo mbubonya makanze aakwe oonse alamana.”c Awalo Mwami Solomoni wakalemba kuti “bafwide tabezi cintu niciba comwe.”—Mukambausi 9:5.

Nkaambo nzi ino bama Juda bamumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna, mbuli Bazangi baku Masada, ncobakali kusyomena boobo kuti soolu ncintu citafwi?

Kuyeeya kwa Cigiliki

Ooyu muzeezo bama Juda teebakaujana mu Bbaibbele, pele bakaujana ku Bagiliki. Kuzwa mumwaanda wamyaka waciloba kusikila muli wasanu B.C.E., imuzeezo oyu ulibonya kuti wakali kuyaabunjila-njila mulwiiyo lwabusongo bwa Cigiliki kuzwa mubukombi bwamizimo bwa Cigiliki. Imuzeezo wabuumi butobela mwalo basoolu babi mobayoosubulwa kapati kwaciindi cilamfwu wakali muzeezo uukonda kapati, aboobo wakasimpa miyanda akuyaabukomena. Basibusongo bakazumanana kukazyanya ikuti naa soolu ncintu cili buti bwini-bwini. Homer wakataminina kuti soolu ilazeluka kuciindi calufwu, kiiyaabulimvwisya kuzizima, kukwekela, naa kusokonya. Epicurus wakaamba kuti soolu ilijisi bulemu biya aboobo ilijisi amubili muuba loko.d

Pele ambweni sikumwaya mupati waciyiisyo casoolu iitafwi wakali sibusongo Mugiliki, Plato, wamumwaanda wamyaka wane B.C.E. Inzila njaakapandulula lufwu lwamwiiyi wakwe, Socrates, itondezya lusyomo lukozyenye kapati andubakazoobaa ndulo Bazangi baku Masada nokwakainda myaanda yamyaka. Mbuli mbwaakacaamba sikwiiya zya Bbaibbele Oscar Cullmann: “Plato ulatutondezya mbuli Socrates mbwaakafwa caluumuno luzwide akusitikila. Ilufwu lwa Socrates ndufwu lweebeka. Kunyina pe nokulibonya ikuyoowa kwalufwu. Socrates takonzi kuluyoowa pe lufwu, kayi ncobeni ndolutwaangulula kuzwa mumubili. . . . Lufwu ngomulongwe mupati wasoolu. Ncenciceeci walo ncayiisya; aboobo wakafwa munzila yeendelana kabotu-kabotu aciyiisyo cakwe.”

Kuboneka kuti kwakali kuciindi cabana Makabesi, mumwaanda wamyaka wabili katana Kristo, iciindi bama Juda nobakatalika kwiiya ciiyo eci kuzwa ku Bagiliki. Mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna C.E., Josefaasi utwaambila kuti Bafalisi alimwi aba Esene balo bakali basitubunga twabukombi bwaci Juda tuyumu, bakali kuciyiisya ciyiisyo eci. Ikweema kumwi kulangilwa kuti kwakaanzwa kucindi eeco akwalo kulatondezya lusyomo ndweena olu.

Mbuti ino walo Jesu Kristo? Sena walo abasikumutobela bakwe bakali kuuyiisya muzeezo oyu uuzwa mubukombi bwa Cigiliki?

Banakristo Bakusaanguna Mbubakali Kulanga Soolu

Ibanakristo bamumwaanda wakusaanguna soolu teebakali kwiilanga bwakali kwiilanga Bagiliki. Mucikozyanyo amuyeeye, lufwu lwamulongwe wa Jesu, Lazaro. Kuti Lazaro naakajisi soolu iitafwi yalo yakamuzwide, kayaangulukide akukkomana ciindi naakafwa, sena makani aa Johane caandaano ca 11 naatalembedwe bumbi loko? Tee Jesu naakabaambila basikumutobela bakwe kuti Lazaro naakacili muumi kujulu alimwi kapona kabotu alimwi kalaa mizeezo biya; pele wakaide kwiindulula caamba Magwalo aa Cihebrayo kabaambila kuti Lazaro uloona, takwe ncayeeya pe. (Kapango ka 11) Tee Jesu naakakondwa kuti mweenzinyina ulaa buumi bupya butaliboteli; pele tujana kuti wakalila abuleya naakafwa Lazaro. (Kapango ka 35) Tee, kuti soolu ya Lazaro niyakali kujulu, kayiide kutangala mubuumi butafwiki, Jesu naatakamucitila lunya lwakumupilusya kuti alimwi kacikkede-kkede kwamyaka iili mbwiibede muntolongo yamubili wanyama uutalondokede akati kabantunsi baciswa alimwi bafwa.

Sena Lazaro naakapiluka kuzwa kulufwu wakajisi zyakuluula zinoneezya izyamazuba one aataliboteli ngaakali muzimo waangulukide kuzwa mumubili? Peepe taakajisi. Aabo basyoma kuti kuli soolu iitafwi bayooingula kuti eci cakali aakaambo kakuti nzyaakalibonena mwaalumi oyo zyakamubuzya majwi. Pele oobo bupanduluzi tabubeleki pe; kayi Lazaro naatakaleka nokuba buyo kwaambila bayandwa bakwe kuti wabona zintu zitaambiki, embo na? Muciindi caboobo, Lazaro taakwe nzyaakaluula kujatikizya ciindi ncaakafwide. Amuyeeye buyo—ikuumuna kumakani aayandisigwa kapati kuzyibwa abantu kwiinda makani ambi aali oonse: aakuti naa lufwu luli buti! Ooko kuumuna kukonzya buyo kupandululwa munzila yomwe. Kwakanyina cakuluula. Ibafwide baloona, tabakwe ancobazi pe.

Aboobo, sena Bbaibbele ilufwu lilutondezya kuba mulongwe wasoolu, ikuti mulyango buyo akati kambazu zyobile zyabuumi? Peepe! Ku Banakristo beni-beni bali mbuli mwaapostolo Paulo, lufwu taakali mulongwe pe; wakali “[ngo]sinkondonyina musyaalizi.” (1 Ba-Korinto 15:26) Banakristo ilufwu balubona kuti tacili cilengwaleza, pele ncintu cibyaabi, citali cilengwaleza, nkaambo cakaletwa akubisizya Leza akumuzangila. (Ba-Roma 5:12; 6:23) Teecakali cibeela camakanze aa Leza mataanzi kubantu pe.

Pesi Banakristo beni-beni tababuli bulangizi bujatikizya lufwu lwasoolu. Imakani aakubuka kwa Lazaro ngamwi buyo akati kayaayo aaluulwa mu Bbaibbele aalo aatondezya kabotu-kabotu ibulangizi bwini-bwini bwamu Magwalo ibujatikizya basoolu bafwide—ikubusyigwa. Ibbaibbele liyiisya misyobo yobile yabubuke. Kubantunsi banabunji abo balede muzyuumbwe, nobaba baluleme nobaba bataluleme, kuli bulangizi bwakubusyilwa buumi butamani mu Paradaiso ano ansi. (Luka 23:43; Johane 5:28, 29; Incito 24:15) Kukabunga kasyoonto kalo Jesu nkaakaamba kuti “katanga kaniini,” kuli kubusyilwa buumi butafwiki kujulu kabali bantu bamuuya. Aaba bantu balo babikkilizya abaapostolo ba Kristo bayoolela bantunsi antoomwe a Kristo Jesu bakabalondole.—Luka 12:32; 1 Ba-Korinto 15:53, 54; Ciyubunuzyo 20:6.

Nkaambo nzi ino ncotujana kuti zikombelo zya Kristendomu ziyiisya kutafwa kwasoolu yamuntu, kutali kubusyigwa? Amuyeeye kwiingulwa nkwaakapa sikwiiya zya Leza Werner Jaeger muli The Harvard Theological Review yamu 1959 mwalo mwaakati: “Ikaambo kapati kajatikizya ziyiisyo zya Bunakristo nkakuti wisi lwiiyo lwa Leza lwa Bunakristo, Origen, wakali sikwiiya busongo buna Plato kucikolo caku Alexandria. Nguwakanjizya milongo-milongo yaziyiisyo zyasoolu, zyalo nzyaakajana kuli Plato.” Aboobo cikombelo cakacicita nceena ncobakacitide bama Juda myaanda yamyaka eyo yakaindide! Bakafwutatila ziyiisyo zya Bbaibbele akwiiya busongo bwa Cigiliki.

Ikwini-Kwini Nkucakatalikila Ciyiisyo Eci

Lino bamwi balakonzya kubuzya kabavwuninina ciyiisyo cakutafwa kwasoolu kuti, Nkaambo nzi eci ciyiisyo ncociyiisyigwa, azikombelo zinji zyaanyika nomuba munzila zyaandeene-andeene? Magwalo alapa kaambo kamvwika kumakani aancocivwulide boobu ciyiisyo eci mumaleya aanyika eyi.

Ibbaibbele lilatwaambila kuti “bantunsi boonse mba Mubi” alimwi lilamugama biya Saatani kuti “mwami wenyika.” (1 Joni 5:19, Ci; Johane 12:31) Kulalibonya kuti zikombelo zyanyika eyi azyalo zyayambukilwa muuya wa Saatani. Zyalo zyatola kapati lubazu mumanyongwe amakondo aamunyika yasunu. Mwalo mukaambo aaka kasoolu, zilibonya buya kabotu-kabotu mbozilaa muzeezo wa Saatani. Ibuti obo?

Amuyeeye bubeji bwakasaanguna kwaambwa. Leza wakali waambila ba Adamu a Eva kuti lufwu ndolunga lwatobela kuti bamubisizya. Pele Saatani wakasyomezya Eva kuti: “Ne! Tamukonzyi kufwa pe.” (Matalikilo 3:4) Aino ba Adamu a Eva bakafwa; bakapiluka kubulongo mbubwena Leza mbwaakaambide. Saatani, “wisi wababeja,” takwe naakajokoloka pe abubeji bwakwe bwakusaanguna. (Johane 8:44) Muzikombelo zitabaliki izileyede kuzwa kuziyiisyo zya Bbaibbele naa izizifwutatilide limwi, imuzeezo ngweena ucuujisi kumwaigwa ikuti: ‘Ne! Tamukonzyi kufwa pe. Mubili wenu ulakonzya kuloba, pele soolu yenu iyoozumanana kupona kukabe kutamani—mbuli Leza!’ Kujanika kuti Saatani cimwi ncaakaamwaambila Eva cakali cakuti awalo uyooba “mbuli Leza”!—Matalikilo 3:5.

Tee inga cainda kugwasya ikubaa bulangizi buyeeme akasimpe, kutali abubeji naa busongo bwabuntunsi. Tee inga cainda kugwasya ikusyoma kuti bayandwa besu bafwide baloona mucuumbwe kwiinda kulibilika kuti naa soolu iitafwi imwi iteene kuli! Ooku koona kwamulufwu takweelede kutuyoosya pe, nokuba kututyompokezya. Munzila imwi bafwu inga twabayeeyela kuba mubusena bwakulyookezezya mobakwabilidwe. Nkaambo nzi ncobategwa balikwabilidwe? Nkaambo Bbaibbele litusyomezya kuti aabo bafwide mbayanda Jehova, mbaumi munzila iilibedelede. (Luka 20:38) Balapona mukuyeeya kwakwe. Ooyo mmuzeezo uumbulizya kapati nkaambo kuyeeya kwakwe takugoli pe. Uliyandide kubusya mamiliyoni aabantu bayandwa aatabaliki akubapa ciindi cakuti bakonzye kupona kukabe kutamani muparadaiso anyika.—Amweezyanye a Jobu 14:14, 15.

Ibuzuba bulemenede ibwakubusyigwa buyoosika, nkaambo zisyomezyo zyoonse zya Jehova zileelede kuzuzikizigwa. (Isaya 55:10, 11) Amuyeeye buyo businsimi obu kabuzuzikizigwa ibwakuti: “Bafu bako bayoopona, mitunta yangu iyoobuka. Amubuke, mwiimbe, inywe nobakede mubulongo, nkaambo mume wako uli mbubonya mbuli mume wamumuni. Nyika iyoobusya [bafwu, NW] bayo.” (Isaya 26:19) Aboobo bafwide balo balede muzyuumbwe bakwabilidwe mbuli mwana uuli mwida lyabanyina. Ino-ino bayoozyalwa, naa ‘bayoobusyigwa’ kupiluka anyika yaparadaiso!

Mbulangizi nzi bwalo obo bunga bwainda boobu?

Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe

[Cifwanikiso icili apeeji 7]

Bama Juda Bazangi baku Masada bakali kusyoma kuti lufwu luya kwaangulula masoolu abo