Sena Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu Aakamwaigwa Ino-ino Alijisi Twaambo Twamasimpe Tujatikizya Jesu Tutajaniki mu Bbaibbele?
“ZYINTU eezyi zyajanika zilayandika kapati. Bantu banji bayootyompwa.” “Eeci cilacinca zyintu nzyotuzyi kujatikizya Bunakristo bwakusaanguna.” Majwi aaya akaambwa abasikwiiya Bbaibbele ibakakkomene akaambo kakumwaigwa kwabbuku lyakuti “Gospel of Judas,” ibbuku ndibakali kuyeeyela kuti lyakalisweekede kwamyaanda yamyaka iinda ku 16 (litondezyedwe atalaawa).
Bantu batalika alimwi kwaakkomanina mabbuku aali boobu aa Makani Mabotu aakubeja. Bantu bamwi baamba kuti mabbuku aaya ayubununa zyintu zipati zyakacitika alimwi anzyotwiiya kuzwa kubuumi bwa Jesu zyakasisidwe kwaciindi cilamfwu. Pele ino mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu (apocryphal gospels) ninzi? Sena ncobeni alakonzya kutuyiisya kasimpe kajatikizya Jesu alimwi a Bunakristo mbotutakonzyi kujana mu Bbaibbele?
Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aamu Bbaibbele Alimwi Amabbuku aa Makani Mabotu Akubeja
Akati kamwaka wa 41 a 98 C.E., Matayo, Marko, Luka, a Johane bakalemba ‘makani aamba zya Jesu Kilisito.’ (Matayo 1:1) Zimwi ziindi zibalo eezyi ziitwa kuti “makani mabotu” aajatikizya Jesu Kilisito.—Maako 1:1.
Nokuba kuti kulakonzya kuti kwakali tunsiyansiya twakwaambilwa mulomo mpande alimwi amalembe amwi aamba zya Jesu, mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aaya one ngaakali kubonwa kuti alikke ngaakasololelwa amuuya wa Leza alimwi akali kweelela kujanika mu Magwalo Aasalala—‘kusinizya zyintu’ zijatikizya buumi bwa Jesu anyika alimwi anzyaakali kuyiisya. (Luka 1:1-4; Milimo 1:1, 2; 2 Timoteyo 3:16, 17) Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aaya one alaambidwe mumulongo wamabbuku wakaindi wa Magwalo aa Bunakristo aa Chigiliki. Kunyina kaambo kakonzya kupa kuti adoonekwe mabbuku aaya kuba cibeela ca Jwi lya Leza lyakasololelwa amuuya.
Pele mukuyakwaciindi, malembe aambi akatalika kulibonya, bamwi ngobakali kubona kuti Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu. Mabbuku aaya akazikwiitwa kuti mabbuku aa makani mabotu aakubeja (apocryphal).a
Kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wabili, Irenaeus waku Lyon wakalemba kuti aabo bakaleya kuzwa ku Bunakristo bakajisi “mabbuku aa makani mabotu aakubeja manji,” kubikkilizya amabbuku aakubeja “ngobakalilembela lwabo kutegwa banyonganye bantu bafwubafwuba.” Aboobo, mabbuku aamakani mabotu aakubeja akazikubonwa kuti mabi kutali buyo kwaabala pele akuba aangayo.
Nokuba boobo, bamafwala bakaindi bamucikombelo Cakatolika alimwi abalembi bakazumanana kulemba mabbuku aaya akwaayobola. Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 19, luyandisisyo lwakuzyiba makani aajatikizya mabbuku aaya lwakakomena kapati alimwi mabbuku manji aakubeja kubikkilizya amabbuku aamakani mabotu aakubeja akajanika. Mazuba aano kuli mabbuku aamwaigwa mumyaambo minji mipati-pati yamazuba aano.
Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu Aakubeja: Taalangilwi Kuba Azibalo Zyamasimpe Zijatikizya Jesu
Kanji-kanji mabbuku aamakani mabotu aakubeja abikkila maano kwaamba bantu bataambwaambwi naa bataambilwi limwi mumabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aali mu Bbaibbele. Alimwi alaamba zyintu zitakwe bumboni kujatikizya Jesu naakali mumvwanda. Amubone zikozyanyo zimwi.
◼ Ibbuku lyakuti “Proto-Gospel of James,” alimwi liitwa kuti “The Birth of Mary,” lipandulula kuzyalwa kwa Mariya alimwi aciindi naakali mwana kubikkilizya acikwati cakwe a Josefa. Kuli kaambo kabotu ncolyaambwa kuti ncaano cabukombi. Lisumpula muzeezo wakuti Mariya wakazumanana kuba nakalindu alimwi cilisalede kuti bbuku eeli lyakalembelwa kutembaula nguwe.—Matayo 1:24, 25; 13:55, 56.
◼ Ibbuku lyakuti “Infancy Gospel of Thomas” lyaamba zya Jesu naakacili mwana—kajisi myaka yakuzyalwa iili akati ka 5 a 12 alimwi lilamutembaula akaambo kakucita maleele aatali aamasimpe. (Amubone Johane 2:11.) Jesu waambwa kuti mwana uutamvwi, uufwambaana kunyema, uujolela cibi, alimwi iwakali kubelesya nguzu zyakwe zyamaleele kujolela cibi kuli bamayi, basimukobonyina, alimwi akubana bamwi, bamwi wakali kuboofwaazya, kubalemanika, naa kubajaya.
◼ Mabbuku aamakani mabotu aakubeja amwi, mbuli “Gospel of Peter,” lyaamba zyintu zyakacitika zijatikizya kubetekwa, lufwu, alimwi akubusyigwa kwa Jesu. Mabbuku amwi aali mbuli “Acts of Pilate,” cibeela cabbuku liitwa kuti “Gospel of Nicodemus,” lyaamba bantu bakajatikizyidwe muzyintu eezyo zyakacitika. Akaambo kakuti mabbuku aaya aamba zyintu zitali zyamasimpe abantu batakapona, cipa kuti abe aakubeja. Ibbuku lyakuti “Gospel of Peter” lilasoleka kukasalazya kaambo kujatikizya Ponto Pilato alimwi lipandulula bubuke bwa Jesu munzila yakuyeeyela buyo.
Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu Aakubeja Alimwi Akuleya Kuzwa ku Bunakristo
Mumwezi wa December, mu 1945, cisi ca Egepita nkocili kunyika, cakutayeeyela balimi bakajana mabbuku aakaindi aali 13 aakajisi zibalo zili 52. Mabbuku aaya aakalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wane aambwa kuti akalembwa akabunga kabukombi alimwi ikasumpula busyaabusongo bwabantu ikategwa Gnosticism. Kabunga aaka kakali kusofwaazya bantu bamwi bakali kulyaamba kuti Mbanakristo kwiinda mukusanganya nzila iitaluzi yakulangaula Leza, bukombi bwakubeja, busyaabusongo bwaci Giliki, bukombi bwaci Juda, alimwi a Bunakristo.—1 Timoteyo 6:20, 21.
Mabbuku aakuti “Gospel of Thomas,” “Gospel of Philip,” alimwi a “Gospel of Truth,” aakajanika akati kamabbuku ngobakajana kufwaafwi a “Nag Hammadi, atondezya mizeezo iindene-indene ya Gnosticism mbuli kuti yakazwida kuli Jesu. Ibbuku lyakajanwa ino-ino lyakuti “Gospel of Judas” alyalo libalilwa akati kamabbuku aamakani mabotu aa Gnosticism. Litondezya kuti Judasi wakali muntu mubotu, mwaapostolo alikke iwakamuzyi kabotu Jesu. Syaazibwene umwi mumakani aajatikizya bbuku eeli waamba kuti eeli ibbuku lipandulula Jesu kuti mwiiyi alimwi sikuyubununa busongo aluzyibo, ikutali mufwutuli uufwida zibi zyabantu bamunyika.” Makani Mabotu aakasololelwa a Leza ayiisya kuti Jesu ncobeni wakafwa kali cipaizyo cabasizibi bamunyika. (Matayo 20:28; 26:28; 1 Johane 2:1, 2) Cakutadooneka, mabbuku aamakani mabotu aa Gnosticism akalembelwa kuti bantu baleke kusyoma muciindi cakuyumizyigwa akuba alusyomo mu Bbaibbele.—Milimo 20:30.
Mbwaasumpukide Mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu Aamu Bbaibbele
Kwaalanga-langa kabotu mabbuku aamakani mabotu aakubeja atondezya kuti taali aamasimpe. Kweezyanisya mabbuku aaya amabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aali mu Bbaibbele, cilasalala kuti taakasololelwa a Leza. (2 Timoteyo 1:13) Akaambo kakuti akalembwa abantu batakamuzyi Jesu abaapostolo bakwe, taayubununi kasimpe kajatikizya Jesu alimwi a Bunakristo. Muciindi caboobo, ajisi zibalo zitaluzi, zyakapangwa buya, zibalo zyakuyeeyela zitagwasyi mukuzyiba Jesu alimwi anjiisyo zyakwe.—1 Timoteyo 4:1, 2.
Kulubazu lumwi, Matayo alimwi a Johane bakali akati ka baapostolo bali 12, Marko alimwi a Luka bakali balongwe ba mwaapostolo Petro alimwi a Paulo. Bakalemba mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu kwiinda mukusololelwa amuuya uusalala wa Leza. (2 Timoteyo 3:14-17) Akaambo kaceeci, mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu oonse one alijisi zyoonse ziyandika kutegwa muntu asyome kuti “Jesu ngu Kilisito Mwana wa Leza.”—Johane 20:31.
[Bupanduluzi buyungizidwe]
a Ibbala lyakuti “apocryphal” lizwa kubbala lya Chigiliki ilyaamba “kusisa.” Kumatalikilo bbala eeli lyakali kupandulula mabbuku aakabambilidwe bantu bakali mukabunga kakali kutobela mizeezo iindene ayabamwi alimwi aakasisidwe kubantu batakali mukabunga aako. Nokuba boobo, mukuyakwaciindi akazikwaamba mabbuku aatali mumulongo wamagwalo aamu Bbaibbele.
[Nkotwakajana cifwanikiso icili apeeji 18]
Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Stock