Tewel
Stori: Long Baibel ol i bin raitim pastaim long tok Hibru na tok Grik, neʹphesh (tok Hibru) na psy·kheʹ (tok Grik) i makim man o animal o laip bilong man o animal. Tasol long sampela Baibel ol i tanim dispela tupela tok olsem “tewel.” Planti man i ting, yumi gat wanpela tewel i stap insait long skin na taim yumi dai, skin tasol i dai na tewel i stap laip yet na i lusim bodi. Tasol dispela tingting i no stret long Baibel.
Baibel i tok wanem na yumi ken save long insait bilong tok “neʹphesh” na “psy·kheʹ”?
Stt 2:7: “Bikpela i kisim graun na em i wokim man long en. Na em i winim win bilong laip i go insait long nus bilong man, na man i kisim laip.” (God i givim laip long man; em i no putim tewel insait long skin bilong em.) (Long dispela ves ol i tanim hap tok Hibru neʹphesh olsem “laip.” Ol i tanim olsem tu long KJ, AS, Dy. Long RS, JB, NAB, NE, ol i tanim olsem “samting i gat laip.” Na long Kx, ol i tanim olsem “man.”)
1 Ko 15:45: “Buk bilong God i tok olsem, ‘Namba wan man, Adam, i bin kisim laip.’ Tasol narapela Adam i kamap bihain tru, em i bin kamap spirit bilong givim laip long man.” (Ol Skripsa Grik i mekim wankain tok olsem Ol Skripsa Hibru—God i givim laip long Adam; em i no givim tewel long em.) (Long dispela ves ol i tanim hap tok Grik psy·kheʹ olsem “laip.” Ol i tanim olsem tu long KJ, AS, Dy, JB, NAB, Kx. Long RS, NE, TEV, ol i tanim olsem “samting i stap laip.”)
1 Pi 3:20: “Long taim bilong Noa . . . liklik lain tasol, inap 8-pela manmeri, ol i bin i go antap long sip na . . . ol i stap gut.” (Long tok Grik, dispela tok “manmeri” em psy·khaiʹ, olsem ol psy·kheʹ. Long KJ, AS, Dy, Kx, JB, TEV, RS, NE, NAB tu ol i tanim olsem “manmeri.”)
Stt 9:5: “Sapos wanpela animal o wanpela man i pinisim laip [tok Hibru, neʹphesh] bilong yupela, bai mi mekim save tru long em.” (Ol inap pinisim neʹphesh, olsem na dispela tok neʹphesh i no makim “tewel.”)
Jos 11:11: “Ol Israel i kilim i dai olgeta man [tok Hibru, neʹphesh] bilong Hasor.” (Dispela tok i makim olsem ol inap kilim i dai neʹphesh, olsem na tok neʹphesh i no makim “tewel.”)
Wanem ol hap bilong Baibel i kolim tok “neʹphesh” na “psy·kheʹ” long ol animal?
Stt 1:20, 21, 24, 25: “God i tok olsem, ‘Solwara i mas pulap long ol kain kain samting i gat laip.* . . . ’ Orait God i mekim kamap ol traipela pis na snek bilong solwara, na ol arapela kain samting bilong solwara, na ol kain kain pisin. . . . Bihain God i tok olsem, ‘Graun i mas kamapim ol kain kain samting i gat laip. . . . ’ God i kamapim ol kain kain animal bilong ples na ol bikpela na liklik animal bilong bus.” (*Long tok Hibru, dispela tok “samting i gat laip” em neʹphesh. Long sampela narapela Baibel tu ol i tanim olsem.)
Wkp 24:17, 18: “Man i kilim narapela man o meri [tok Hibru, neʹphesh] i dai, orait yupela i mas kilim em tu i dai. Na man i kilim i dai wanpela bulmakau [tok Hibru, neʹphesh] bilong narapela man, em i mas bekim narapela bulmakau long dispela man.” (Baibel i kolim dispela hap tok Hibru neʹphesh long man na long animal.)
KTH 16:3: “Solwara i kamap olsem blut bilong man i dai pinis. Na olgeta samting i stap laip* long solwara, ol i dai.” (*Long tok Grik, dispela tok em psy·kheʹ na long dispela ves em i makim ol animal na pis samting bilong solwara.)
Olsem wanem? Sampela saveman i no Witnes Bilong Jehova ol tu i ting Baibel i no lainim yumi olsem yumi gat tewel?
Wanpela buk Katolik i tok: “Olpela Testamen i no tok, man i gat tupela hap bilong em, olsem bodi na tewel. Nogat. Ol Israel . . . i no ting olsem man i gat tupela hap bilong em. Dispela tok nepeš [neʹphesh] . . . i no makim wanpela hap bilong man i narapela long bodi bilong em o long man yet. Nogat. . . . Long Nupela Testamen dispela tok [psy·kheʹ] em i wankain olsem nepeš. Dispela tok i makim . . . laip yet, o samting i gat laip.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Vol. 13, p. 449, 450.
Narapela buk i tok: “Hap tok Hibru . . . (nefesh, samting i pulim win) em Moses i kolim . . . bilong makim ‘samting i gat laip’ na em inap makim ol man na ol narapela samting i gat laip, olsem ol animal samting. . . . Long Nupela Testamen ol i kolim tok psychē bilong makim wankain samting olsem nefesh.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1976), Macropædia, Vol. 15, p. 152.
Wanpela buk bilong ol Juda i tok: “Dispela bilip olsem yumi gat tewel i stap laip yet taim bodi i bagarap pinis, tingting nating bilong sampela saveman na sampela lotu i as bilong en, olsem na Baibel i no lainim yumi long en.”—The Jewish Encyclopedia (1910), Vol. 6, p. 564.
Taim man i dai, em i dai tru, o i gat wanpela hap bilong em, olsem “tewel” i stap yet na i no save dai?
Ese 18:4: “Laip bilong olgeta papamama na bilong ol pikinini i stap long han bilong mi tasol. Olsem na sapos wanpela man [tok Hibru, neʹphesh] i mekim sin, dispela man tasol i mas i dai.”
Mt 10:28: “Yupela i no ken pret long ol man i save kilim i dai bodi, tasol ol i no inap kilim spirit [o, “laip”] bilong yupela. Nogat. Yupela i mas pret long God tasol. Em inap bagarapim spirit* na bodi tu long [Gehena].” (*Long tok Grik, dispela tok “spirit” em psy·kheʹ. Nupela Testamen na Ol Sam (1978), KJ, AS, RS, NE, TEV, Dy, JB, NAB, ol i tanim olsem “tewel.”)
Ap 3:23: “Olgeta man [tok Grik, psy·kheʹ] i no laik harim tok bilong dispela profet, God bai i kilim ol i dai.”
Olsem wanem? I gat rot bilong ol manmeri i ken i stap laip oltaim?
Lukim het-tok “Laip,” pes 225-229.
Dispela tok “tewel” em i wankain olsem “spirit” o nogat?
Sav 12:7: “Bodi bilong yupela bai i kamap graun gen, na spirit [o, strong bilong i stap laip; tok Hibru, ruʹach] God i bin givim yupela bai i go bek long God.” (Olsem yu lukim pinis, long tok Hibru dispela tok “spirit” em ruʹach; i no neʹphesh. Tasol i no olsem dispela spirit bai go na kamap long God stret long heven, nogat. Insait bilong dispela tok i olsem: Nau strong bilong kirapim gen laip bilong man i stap long han bilong God. Yumi ken tok piksa olsem: Sapos man i baim hap graun long wanpela man na em i no bekim dinau bilong en, orait graun bai “i go bek” long papa bilong graun.) (Long KJ, AS, RS, NE, Dy, ol i tanim tok ruʹach long dispela ves olsem “spirit.” Long NAB ol i raitim olsem “win bilong laip.”)
Sav 3:19: “Pinis bilong yumi man i wankain olsem ol abus. Ol abus i save dai, na yumi man tu i save dai. Man na abus i save pulim win, na dispela i as bilong laip bilong tupela wantaim. Olsem na laip [spirit; tok Hibru, ruʹach] bilong man i no winim laip [spirit; tok Hibru, ruʹach] bilong abus.” (Olsem na laip, o spirit [tok Hibru, ruʹach], bilong man na animal i wankain. Sampela tok long Ec 3 ves 20, 21, i stap long pes 412.)
Hi 4:12: “Tok bilong God em i gat laip, na em i wok strong i stap. Em i sap moa, na i winim bainat i gat tupela sap. Dispela tok i save sutim man na i go insait tru. Em i go kamap stret long dispela hap tewel [tok Grik, psy·khesʹ; “laip,” NE] na spirit [tok Grik, pneuʹma·tos] i bruk, na long ol dispela hap skru na kru bilong bun i pas wantaim. Olsem na em i save gut tru long olgeta tingting na laik bilong bel bilong yumi.” (Olsem yu lukim pinis, hap tok Grik ol i tanim olsem “tewel” i narapela, na hap tok Grik ol i tanim olsem “spirit” i narapela.)
Taim spirit, o strong bilong i stap laip, i pinis long skin bilong man, em inap tingting na mekim sampela samting o nogat?
Sng 146:4: “Taim ol i dai ol i tanim i kamap graun gen. Na long dispela taim ol i no inap mekim olgeta samting ol i bin tok long mekim [“tingting bilong ol i pinis,” NW].” (Planti Baibel, olsem NW, NAB, Ro, Yg, Dy [145:4] i tanim hap tok Hibru ruʹach olsem “spirit.” Long sampela Baibel ol i tanim olsem “win.”) (Lukim tu Song 104:29.)
Wanem as bilong tingting bilong ol misin olsem yumi gat tewel?
Wanpela buk i tok: “Tingting bilong ol lotu Kristen olsem God i wokim tewel na putim long bodi long taim pikinini i kamap nupela insait long bel bilong mama, em wanpela tingting i bin wok long kamap insait long planti handet yia. Origen, long hap bilong Is [em i dai long yia 254 samting], na Santu Ogastin, long hap bilong Wes [em i dai long yia 430], ol i . . . kamapim strong dispela bilip na tingting olsem man i gat tewel. . . . Tok bilong [Ogastin] . . . i bin kamap (wantaim sampela kranki bilong en) long rot bilong tingting bilong Pleto na sampela haiden long hap bilong Is.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Vol. 13, p. 452, 454.
Narapela buk i tok: “Ol Grik i ting olsem yumi gat tewel i no inap i dai; tasol ol Juda i bilip long kirap bek. . . . Taim Aleksander i daunim pinis planti kantri, isi isi lotu Juda i kirap long bihainim bilip bilong ol Grik.”—Dictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Bible, Vol. 2, p. 557.
Wanpela nius i tok: “Tingting bilong ol Grik ol i kisim long ol lotu haiden bilong bipo em i as bilong dispela bilip olsem yumi gat tewel, na bihain Pleto, em man bilong painim save bilong dispela graun, em i kamapim strong moa.”—Presbyterian Life, Me 1, 1970, p. 35.
Pleto i tok: “Olsem wanem? Yumi bilip olsem dai em i samting tru? . . . Dai i olsem tewel na bodi i stap narapela narapela, a? Taim tewel i lusim bodi na bilong en yet i stap, na bodi na tewel i stap narapela narapela, em nau yumi dai, a? . . . Tasol yu ting tewel i save dai? Nogat. Olsem na tewel i save stap oltaim, a? Em i stret.”—Stori “Phaedo” bilong Pleto, Hap 64, 105.
Wanpela buk i tok: “Ol tisa bilong lotu long Babilon ol i tingting strong long pasin bilong i stap oltaim. Ol man yet na ol tisa bilong lotu i ting, samting i kamap laip pinis em i no inap bagarap na lus olgeta. Nogat tru. Ol i ting, dai em i rot bilong kisim narapela kain laip.”—The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, p. 556.
Lukim tu het-tok “Dai,” pes 85-87.