Xifufunhunu Lexi Rhandziwaka Hi Varimi

HI MUTSARI WA XALAMUKA! LE BRITAIN

HAMBILESWI vanhu van’wana va nga swi rhandziki swifufunhunu, kambe va swi rhandza swifufunhunu leswi dyaka tinhwala ta swimilana. Swi tsakisa vana, vatirhi va le ntangeni ni varimi lava va swi amukela hi mandla mambirhi. Ha yini swi rhandziwa swonghasi?

Ha Yini Swi Rhandziwa Ngopfu?

Hi xitalo swifufunhunu leswi swi rhandza ku dya switsotswana leswi vitaniwaka ti-aphid, ku nga tinhwala ta swimilana (leswi kombisiweke eximatsini), leswi khatlulaka swirhabyana swa swimilana kutani swi tswonga mati ya kona, kutani swimilana leswi swi fa. Swifufunhunu leswikulu swi nga dya tinhwala ta magidi-gidi evuton’wini bya swona—kasi ni vana va swona, a va dyi i tanani mi ta vona. Ku engetela kwalaho, xifufunhunu lexi xi dya ni switsotswana swin’wana swo tala leswi onhaka, kasi swin’wana swi tiphina hi ku dya mfurho lowu onhaka swimilana. Leswi hi swona swi endlaka leswaku vatirhi va le ntangeni ni varimi va swi tsakela swifufunhunu leswi!

Eku heleni ka malembe ya va-1800, switsotswana leswi swi vitaniwaka ti-cottony-cushion scale swi rhumeriwe hi xihoxo eCalifornia, le U.S.A. swi suka eAustralia. Switsotswana leswi swi andze hi ku hatlisa lerova ku sele katsongo swi hete masimu hinkwawo ya malamula, xisweswo ku va ku lova ka bindzu leri. Hi ku tiva leswaku lomu xitsotswana lexi xi humaka kona a xi onhi swimilana, mutivi wa switsotswana un’wana u ye eAustralia ku ya lava nala wa xitsotswana lexi wa ntumbuluko. U kume leswaku nala wa xona i xifufunhunu lexi vitaniwaka vedalia. Ku rhumeriwe kwalomu ka 500 wa swifufunhunu leswi le California, kutani ku nga si hela lembe, switsotswana swa ti-scale a swi dlayiwe hinkwaswo. Hi ndlela yoleyo masimu ya malamula ya ponisiwa.

Vutomi Bya Xifufunhunu Lexi Dyaka Tinhwala Ta Swiluva

Swifufunhunu leswi swo saseka swi ni miri wa xirhendzevutana, onge i mbita, kasi hale hansi swi byatlamile. Hambileswi swi dyaka ngopfu, swo tala swa swona swi lehe 12 wa timilimitara ntsena. Swi ni swisirhelelo swa timpapa swo tsindziyela, swo hatima leswi vitaniwaka ti-elytra, leswi sirhelelaka timpapa ta swona to haha leti nga tiyangiki ngopfu, leti endlaka leswaku swi va ni mivala yo saseka. Loko swi haha, timpapa ta swona ta pfuleka. Hambileswi hi xitalo swi kombisiwaka swi ri swo tshwuka naswona swi ri ni swivati swa ntima, ku ni swifufunhunu swa mixaka-xaka leswi tlulaka 5 000 leswi nga ni mivala ni swivati swo hambana-hambana. Swin’wana i swa xilamula kumbe xitshopana naswona swi ni swivati swa ntima. Kasi swin’wana i swa ntima naswona swi ni swivati swo tshwuka. Swin’wana swi nga ri swingani a swi na swivati. Kasi, swin’wana swi ni mivala yimbirhi, swin’wana swona swi ni tilayini.

Swo tala swa swona swi hanya lembe rin’we. Hi xixika, leswikulu swa kona swi etlela eka tindhawu leti omeke kahle ni leti sirhelelekeke. Loko ku sungula ku kufumela, swa haha swi ya lava swimilana leswi hlaseriweke hi switsotswana swa ti-aphid. Endzhaku ko hlangana ni nuna wa xona, lexa xisati xi vekela matandza ya xitshopana (lama kombisiweke exineneni) endzhaku ka tluka laha ku nga ni switsotswana swo tala leswi khatlulaka swimilana. Tandza ha rin’we ri tlhotlhorheka ri va xifufunhunu lexi langutekaka ku fana ni xingwenyana xo leva (lexi kombisiweke eximatsini). Leswi xifufunhunu lexi xi tshamelaka ku dya switsotswana leswi khatlulaka swimilana, xi kula ngopfu lerova xikhumba xa xona xi nga ha xi ringani. Endzhaku ko guvula ko hlayanyana, xi tidamareta eka ximilana kutani xi cinca xi va xifufunhunu lexi kuleke hilaha ku hetisekeke. Loko xa ha ku huma endzeni ka mpfokorho wa xona, xi va xi nga tiyelelanga naswona xi va ni muvala wo kwalala, a xi suki kwalaho kukondza xi tiyelela. Ku nga si hela siku, mivala ya xona yo hlawuleka ya humelela.

Valala va xona va dyondza ku xi papalata. Loko xi xungetiwa, xifufunhunu lexi xi ntsitela mafi ya xitshopana yo nun’hwa lama humaka emahlanganini ya xona. Swiharhi leswi swi xi hlotaka swo kota swinyenyana kumbe swipame, a swi rivali loko swo tshuka swi kotlane na xona, swi xi tsundzuka kahle hi mivala ya xona.

Swifufunhunu Leswi Karhataka

Ku ni rixaka rin’wana ra xifufunhunu lexi, lexi a xi tirhisiwa ku dlaya switsotswana kambe sweswi xi karhataka. Xifufunhunu lexi vitaniwaka harlequin, nakambe xi hanyisana kahle ni swifufunhunu swin’wana lomu swi humaka kona en’walungu-vuxa bya Asiya. Hikwalaho ka leswi swi rhandzaka ku dya switsotswana, swa ha ku yisiwa le Amerika N’walungu ni le Yuropa. Khombo ra kona, swi endle leswaku swifufunhunu swa kwalaho swi va ekhombyeni hikuva swi dye swakudya swa swona hinkwaswo. Ku tlula kwalaho, loko swakudya swa swona leswi swi swi rhandzaka swi hela—naswona valala va swona va nga ri kona—swi sungule ku dya swifufunhunu leswi dyaka tinhwala ta swimilana ni switsotswana swin’wana leswi pfunaka. Vativi va switsotswana va karhatekile loko va vona leswaku swifufunhunu swin’wana leswi dyaka tinhwala swa hela. Swifufunhunu swa ti-harlequin a swi rhandziwi hikuva swi dya ni mihandzu leyi wupfeke leyi rindzeleke ku khiwa naswona swi rhandza ku nghena etindlwini hi xixikana swi baleka xirhami.

Tinxaka tin’wana ta swifufunhunu leswi swa ti-ladybird ti dya swimilana hi swoxe ku nga ri switsotswana leswi onhaka. Kambe lexi tsakisaka, swo tala swa swona swi endla ntirho wa kahle entangeni.

Amukela Swifufunhunu Leswi Dyaka Tinhwala Ta Swiluva

Xana u nga endla yini leswaku swifufunhunu leswi swi ta entangeni wa wena? Swimilana leswi humesaka swiluva swi tala ku va ni vuluva ni vulombe bya swiluva leswi kokaka swifufunhunu leswi. Loko ko va ni xiphemunyana lexi nga ni mabyanyi ni xibya lexi nga entangiki lexi nga ni mati swi nga koka xifufunhunu lexi. Loko swi koteka, u nga tirhisi mirhi yo dlaya switsotswana. Matluka yo oma lama nga eka ximilana kumbe ehansi ka xona hi xixika ma nga endla leswaku swi va ni ndhawu yo tumbela hi vuxika. U nga kandziyi swifufunhunu kumbe matandza lama u ma kumaka entangeni wa wena. U nga ha va u ri eku dlayeni ka rixaka ra swifufunhunu leri landzelaka.

Tsundzuka leswaku, ko laveka swi nga ri swingani swa swifufunhunu leswi leswaku swi ta heta switsotswana leswi onhaka entangeni wa wena, naswona a swi lavi u kala u tirhisa swidlaya-switsotswana leswi nga ni khombo. Loko u swi khathalela, swi ta ku hakela hikwalaho ka ku swi khathalela ka wena. Swifufunhunu leswi dyaka tinhwala i xikombiso xin’wana xa vutlhari bya Muvumbi wa hina, hilaha mupisalema a pfumeleke hakona loko a ku: “Mintirho ya wena yi tele swinene, Wena Yehovha! Hinkwayo ka yona u yi endle hi vutlhari. Misava yi tele rifuwo ra wena.”—Pisalema 104:24.

[Laha Swifaniso Swi Humaka Kona eka tluka 16]

Ehenhla: © Waldhäusl/Schauhuber/Naturfoto-Online; left two: Scott Bauer/Agricultural Research Service, USDA; middle: Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, www.insectimages.org; eggs: Bradley Higbee, Paramount Farming, www.insectimages.org

[Laha Swifaniso Swi Humaka Kona eka tluka 17]

Eximatsini: Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.insectimages.org; 2nd from left: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www.insectimages.org; 3rd from left: Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.insectimages.org; 4th from left: Russ Ottens, The University of Georgia, www.insectimages.org; ladybirds on a leaf: Scott Bauer/Agricultural Research Service, USDA