Ulongozgi wa “Nkhwantha” Zinandi Watondeka

MAZUŴA ghano, ŵanthu awo ŵali na makompyuta ŵangapenja ulongozgi wa umo ŵangalelera ŵana pa Internet, ndipo mwaluŵiro ŵangasanga mabuku gha ulongozgi ghakujumpha 26 miliyoni. Kuŵazga ulongozgi wose uwu, kungaŵatolera vilimika vinandi, mwakuti mwana wawo wangakura na kukhala payekha iwo ŵacali ŵandamalizge kuŵazga.

Pambere kundaŵe madokotala ghakumanya masuzgo gha ŵana, nkhwantha zakusanda maghanoghano gha ŵana na Internet, kasi ŵapapi ŵakafumbanga nkhu ulongozgi? Kanandi ŵakagomezganga ŵabali ŵawo. Ŵanyinawo, ŵawiskewo, ŵankhazi ŵawo, na ŵasibweni ŵawo ŵakaŵanga ŵakunozgeka kupeleka ulongozgi, ndarama, na wovwiri unyake pakulera mwana. Kweni mu vyaru vinandi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma mu mizi na kuluta mu matawuni, ndipo ivi vikucitiska kuti ŵapatukane na ŵabali ŵawo. Mazuŵa ghano nchacilendo yayi kuwona ŵamama na ŵadada ŵakulera ŵekha ŵana ŵawo.

Mwambura kukayika, ici nchifukwa cimoza ico capangiska kuti bizinesi yakulera ŵana yizare comene mazuŵa ghano. Cifukwa cinyake nchakuti ŵanthu ŵakugomezga comene sayansi. Kuumaliro wa vilimika vya mu ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku America ŵakagomezganga kuti sayansi yingawovwira kalikose pa umoyo wa munthu. Kusazgapo na kulera ŵana wuwo. Apo wupu wa American National Congress of Mothers ukadandaura za “kutondeka kwa ŵapapi” pakulera ŵana mu 1899, mwaluŵiro nkhwantha zinandi za “sayansi” yakulera ŵana zikajipeleka kuti ziwovwire. Zikalayizga kuti ziwovwirenge ŵapapi awo ŵakutondeka kulera ŵana ŵawo.

Kulera Ŵana na Ulongozgi wa mu Mabuku

Kweni, kasi nkhwantha izi zawovwira nadi pakulera ŵana? Kasi ŵapapi ŵa mazuŵa ghano mbakwenjerwa pacoko, panji kuti mbaluso comene pakulera ŵana kuluska ŵa nyengo za mwaka? Ndimo viliri yayi. Kusanda uko kukacitika sonosono apa ku Britain, kukalongora kuti ŵapapi 35 pa 100 ŵacali kupenja ulongozgi wakugomezgeka wakulelera ŵana ŵawo. Ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti palije ico ŵangacita kuluska kulera ŵana umo ŵeneko ŵakumanyira.

Ann Hulbert mu buku lake lakuti: Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children, wakasanda mabuku gha nkhwantha pakulera ŵana. Ann Hulbert uyo wali na ŵana ŵaŵiri, wakuti nkhwantha zicoko waka ndizo wasanga kuti ulongozgi wawo ukajintha pa sayansi yanadi. Kweni, ulongozgi wawo ukuwoneka kuti ukukhwaska comene vinthu ivyo vikacitikiranga iwo. Kusanda makora ulongozgi wa nkhwantha izi kukulongora kuti vinandi ivyo ŵakalemba vikugwira nchito yayi, vikususkana, nakuti vinyake ni vyacilendo comene.

Sono ŵapapi ŵangacitaci nthena? Kuyowoya unenesko, ŵapapi ŵanandi ŵahangayika maghanoghano cifukwa ca unandi wa ulongozgi, ndipo ŵakumanya yayi na uwo ungaŵawovwira. Kweni kuti mbapapi wose yayi awo ŵakujiwona kuti ŵalije wovwiri. Ŵapapi pa caru cose capasi ŵasanga candulo na ulongozgi wakufuma ku munthu wakale uyo ngwavinjeru comene ndipo wacali kupeleka ulongozgi wakugomezgeka nanga ni lero. Nkhani yakulondezgapo yilongosorenge fundo iyi.