Henanom Na Ɔyare No Betumi Aka Wɔn?

ƐHE na AIDS aboawa no fi? Adwene a Europa nnuruyɛfo kura ne sɛ ofi Afrika Mfinimfini. Ɔkwakuo a ne ho te sɛ ahabammono a ɔwɔ Afrika no wɔ mmoawa bi a wɔte saa na wosusuw sɛ nnipa tumi nyaa mmoawa no denam nkitahodi kɛse a wɔne akwakuo a wɔwɔ mmoawa no bi nyae no so.

Nanso wodii kan huu nnipa a AIDS ayɛ wɔn no wɔ United States. Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na wotumi nyaa mmoawa no? Sɛnea adwenkyerɛ bi a agye din kyerɛ no, wonya fii Haiti. Haitifo pii kɔɔ Afrika bere a wɔyɛɛ amammerɛ ho adesua bi wɔ 1970 mfe no mfinimfini mu hɔ no. Akyiri yi wɔkae sɛ mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da a ɔyare no kaa wɔn bere a wɔredi akwamma wɔ Haiti no na wɔde kɔɔ New York.

Nanso, saa nkyerɛkyerɛ no yɛ nea Afrikafo a wɔfrɛ no “nnaadaasɛm ho ɔsatu” no sɔre tia denneennen. Oduruyɛfo V. A. Orinda a ɔyɛ Afrika aduruyɛ nsɛmma nhoma bi samufo no kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wokyinkyin hwehwɛ mmeae ahorow a wofi wiase nyinaa na wɔde ɔyare no baa Afrika. Wogye tom sɛ obiara nnim faako a AIDS aboawa no fi.

Ɛwom, na ɔyare no de ne ho ahintaw wɔ wɔ United States wɔ mfe pii mu a na ɛreyɛ nkurɔfo pii. Bere a awiei koraa wohuu ɔyare no wɔ mfe kakraa bi a atwam no mu no, ɛbɛyɛɛ akwahosan ho asiane kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa ntɛm ara.

Nnipa a Ɔyare no Betumi Aka Wɔn

AIDS trɛw denam nipadua no mu nsu a obi nya fi onipa foforo nkyɛn no so, ne titiriw, denam mogya ne ahobae nsu so. Enti ɔyare no betumi aka obi a ɔne obi foforo a wanya AIDS mmoawa no bi nya ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu kyɛfa no. Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nneyɛe ahorow a mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da de wɔn ho hyem no ma wɔyɛ nnipa a ɔyare no betumi aka wɔn titiriw. Nokwarem no, nnipa a ɔyare no aka wɔn wɔ United States no mu ɔha biara mu 70 yɛ mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da na ama ebinom frɛ no mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da yare.

Afei wɔ 1982 mu no, wohuu obi a AIDS ayɛ no a ɔnyɛ ɔbaninguaman. Na ɔyɛ obi a ɔde nnubɔne wɔ ne ho paane. Ɛnyɛ nnubɔne nko na mpaane a wonkum ano bɔre a nnipa a wɔnom nnubɔne bom de di dwuma no ma ɛkɔ wɔn mogya mu na mmom AIDS mmoawa a wɔwɔ wɔn yɔnkonom mogya mu nso. Ankyɛ biara na nnipa a wɔde nnubɔne wɔ wɔn ho paane bɛyɛɛ nnipakuw a wɔto so abien a ɔyare no betumi aka wɔn ntɛm.

So eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no bɛka nnipa a ntontom a wakɔnom obi a ɔyare AIDS mogya no ka wɔn no? Adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no betumi aka obi wɔ saa kwan yi so. Oduruyɛfo Harold Jaffe a ɔyɛ AIDS ho nhwehwɛmu kannifo no ka sɛ: “Mogya pii wɔ mpaane a bɔre wɔ ano a ayaresabea adwumayɛfo wɔ no mu sen nea ntontom betumi de ama obi.” Ɔde ka ho sɛ, “Nanso ɛnyɛ nea misusuw sɛ wobetumi aka sɛ ɛrentumi mma saa.”

Wɔ mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da ne nnipa a wɔnom nnubɔne akyi no, nnipakuw foforo a ɔyare no fii ase kaa wɔn ne wɔn a mogya tumi tu wɔn ntɛmntɛm. Wɔde aduru a wɔfrɛ no FACTOR VIII a wonya fi mogya a wɔtwe fi nnipa bɛyɛ 5,000 mu no na ɛtaa sa wɔn yare. Britania aduruyɛ nsɛmma nhoma The Lancet kae sɛ, “ɛda adi sɛ nnipa a ɔyare no ka wɔn no dodow bɛkɔ soro wɔ aman ahorow a wɔde factor VIII a efi United States di dwuma wom no mu.” Enti ɛkae sɛ Germanfo a mogya tumi tu wɔn ntɛmntɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔanya biribi a ɛba mogya no mu a ɛko tia AIDS mmoawa no dodow fi ohunu wɔ 1980 mu koduu ɔha biara mu 53 wɔ 1984 mu!

Nanso wɔahu AIDS mmoawa no wɔ dwensɔ, ntasu ne nusu mu nso. So ɔyare no betumi ayɛ obi denam nipadua no mu nsu yi a obenya afi ɔfoforo nkyɛn no so? Adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no aka obi wɔ saa kwan yi so na nnuruyɛfo adwene ne sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɔyare no betumi aka obi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛte saa so. Nanso ehon nkwaadɔm ho ɔbenfo, Oduruyɛfo Richard Restak a ɔwɔ Washington, D.C. no ka sɛ: “Sɛ mmoawa no wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nsunsu yi mu a, nyansa kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yenya adwene sɛ eyi nso betumi ama ɔyare no aka nkurɔfo.”

National Catholic Reporter kae wɔ November a etwaam no mu sɛ wɔ a AIDS wɔ baabiara no ama nkurɔfo ahaw wɔ kuruwa a wɔde nom bobesa wɔ Awurade Adidi ase a wɔne afoforo bɛbom anom ano no ho. Bere a U.S. Dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ nyarewa ano a wobesiw ho nsɛm so wɔ Atlanta, Georgia yɛɛ ho nhwehwɛmu no, ɛso panyin Oduruyɛfo Donald R. Hopkins kae sɛ wɔannya adanse biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no betumi aka obi wɔ saa kwan yi so. Nanso, ɔde kaa ho sɛ “ɛnsɛ sɛ” adanse a yenni no “kyerɛ sɛ asiane biara nnim.”

Esiane sɛ AIDS betumi ayɛ obi denam wɔn a ɔyare no aka wɔn a ɔne wɔn bɛbɔ kɛse so nti, so ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ ɛhaw nkurɔfo? Nanso, wɔtaa hyɛ awofo bɔ sɛ wɔn mma mfɛfo sukuufo remfa AIDS nsan wɔn. Sɛ ɛho adanse a wɔwɔ no, wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa a ɔyare no aka wɔn no mfa nsanee wɔn mmusua mufo ɛwom mpo sɛ wofifew wɔn ho ano, wodidi wɔ kankyee koro mu na wɔkɔ tiafi biako so de. Nanso, ɔkyerɛwfo William F. Buckley Akumaa a ɔwɔ New York no ne awofo no yɛ adwene na ɔka sɛ:

“Bere a woyii Rock Hudson [obi a wagye din a ɔyaree AIDS] fii ayaresabea no, wɔmaa ayarehwɛfo a wɔhwɛɛ no nyinaa​—hyew wɔn ntade​—eyi sii wɔ nnɛyi ayaresabea na ɛnyɛ ɔkɔmfo bi abosonnan mu. Wɔmaa ɔyarefo no aduan wɔ krataa ne prɛte a wɔde rɔba ayɛ so a adinam ne atere a wɔde rɔba ayɛ ka ho​—wɔsɛee no. Dɛn nti na wɔyɛɛ nneɛma a ɛte saa a ɛbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban sɛ ayaresabea adwumayɛfo no annye anni sɛ ɔyare no betumi aka wɔn a?

Mogya a Wɔde Ma Mu Asiane Ahorow

Wɔ ɔkwan foforo so no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ AIDS betumi ayɛ obi denam ɔfoforo a aka no mogya a obegye no so. Nnipa a wɔde wɔn mogya ma afoforo a wɔwɔ AIDS mmoawa no bi nanso besi saa bere yi ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne nnaa adi wɔ wɔn ho no betumi de ɔyare no asan afoforo.

Oduruyɛfo Arthur Ammann bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ AIDS yɛɛ akokoaa bi a ɔwɔ San Fransisco a wɔmaa no mogya mpɛn pii bere a wɔwoo no akyi no. Antumi anna adi sɛ na ɔyare no aka nnipa a wɔde wɔn mogya maa no no mu biako kosii sɛ akokoaa no gy e mogya no wɔ asram ason akyi. Nea ɔde ne mogya mae ne akokoaa no nyinaa wuwui.

AIDS yɛɛ nkokoaa baanan a wofi Australia bere a wɔde obi a ɔtaa de ne mogya ma afoforo a wohuu akyiri yi sɛ ɔwɔ AIDS mmoawa no bi mogya maa wɔn no. Nkokoaa baanan no mu baasa wuwui wɔ asram ason ntam.

Ɔyare no kum abarimaa bi a ofi Georgia mansin a ɛwɔ United States no bere a ogyee ɔbaninguaman bi a ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne anna adi wɔ ne ho a ne mogya mu a wɔhwehwɛɛ akyiri yi daa no adi sɛ ɔwɔ AIDS mmoawa no bi mogya wɔ mfe anum ne fã akyi no. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ Aduruyɛ Kɔlege a ɛwɔ Georgia no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Yɛde ɔbaninguaman no mogya ama nnipa pii fi bere a yɛde maa abofra no akyi no.”​—The New England Journal of Medicine, May 9, 1985, kratafa 1256.

Nhwehwɛmu biako kae sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ayarefo a “AIDS ayɛ wɔn denam mogya a wɔde ma so” no mu ɔha biara mu 40 . . . ”anya mfirihyia 60 anaa nea ɛboro saa” na “mpɛn pii wogyee mogya no bere a na wɔreyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn no.”​—The New England Journal of Medicine, January 12, 1984.

Eyi ma asemmisa a ɛho hia yi sɔre? So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so a ɛremma AIDS mmoawa no nkɔ mogya a wɔde ma nkurɔfo no mu?

So Ɛyɛ Mogya Mu Nhwehwɛmu a Wotumi De Ho To So?

Esiane sɛ wɔatumi ahu AIDS mmoawa no nti, ɛmaa etumi yɛɛ yiye sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mogya no mu nhwehwɛmu a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛbɛma wɔahu sɛ obi anya AIDS mmoawa no bi wɔ bere bi mu na ama wanya biribi a ɛba mogya no mu a ɛko tia ɔyare no. Enti, wɔatumi ayɛ nnipa a wɔde wɔn mogya ma afoforo ho nhwehwɛmu ho nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den kɛse.

Enti ɛte sɛ nea nsɛm amanneɛbɔfo ne nnuruyɛfo pii te nka sɛ wɔadi ɔhaw no ho dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Newsweek a wotintimii no August 12, 1985 no kaa nhwehwɛmu yi ho asɛm sɛ “ɛyɛ nea asiane biara nnim na abenfo pii susuw sɛ AIDS rentrɛw denam ɔman no mogyakorabea no so bio.”

Nanso U.S. Asoɛe a ɛhwɛ akwahosan ho nsɛm so akwankyerɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ma nnipa a “ɔyare no betumi aka wɔn ntɛm” a wɔasan ahwehwɛ mu no nka saa. Mmom no, ɛka sɛ: “Nhwehwɛmu no rentumi mma wonhu nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ mmoawa no bi no nyinaa efisɛ ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya biribi a ɛba mogya no mu a ɛko tia ɔyare no. . . . Ebetumi aba sɛ wɔrenhu biribi a ɛte saa bere a wɔahwehwɛ wo mogya mu no, ɛwom sɛ ebia na ɔyare no aka wo de. Sɛ ɛba saa a, wɔde mogya no bɛma afoforo na ɛbɛma wɔayɛ wɔn a HTLV-III ne AIDS betumi aka wɔn.”

U.S. Asoɛe a ɛhwɛ aduan ne aduruyɛ ho nsɛm so nsɛmma nhoma FDA Consumer a wotintimii wɔ May 1985 mu no ka sɛ, “nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ a wonhu biribi a ɛba mogya no mu a ɛko tia ɔyare no nkyerɛ sɛ obi nni mmoawa a wɔde ɔyare no ba no bi. . . . Eyi te saa efisɛ ebia na onnyaa biribi a ɛba mogya mu a ɛko tia ɔyare no esiane sɛ onyaa mmoawa a wɔde ɔyare no ba no bi nkyɛe nti.”

The New York Times faa Oduruyɛfo Myron Essex a ɔyɛ Dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ɔmanfo akwahosan ho nsɛm so titrani no asɛm kae sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ nhwehwɛmu no ma wohu [mogya a ɔyare no bi wom] no mu bɛboro ɔha biara mu 90 na misusuw sɛ wohu ɔha biara mu 75 kosi 80. Sɛ ɛboro saa a, ɛbɛyɛ me nwonwa.”

Ɛnyɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu no mma wonhu mogya a mmoawa a wɔde ɔyare no ba no wom nyinaa nko, na mmom sɛnea Time nsɛmma nhoma no kae no, “mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no bo yɛ den kɛse ma aman pii sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no kɛse.”

Nhwehwɛmu bi a Newsweek yɛe nɔ bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ nnipa a wobisabisaa wɔn nsɛm no mu ɔha biara mu 21 kae sɛ wɔn anaasɛ nnipa a wonim wɔn repow oprehyɛn a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn mogya a wɔwɔ hokwan sɛ wɔpaw nea wɔpɛ no. Mprempren ebia nnipa bɛhwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔfa akwan a nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw a wɔwɔ osuahu fa so yɛ oprehyɛn a mogya nka ho a wɔyɛ ahwɛyiye kɛse a ɛrenya nkɔso no so no.

[Kratafa 5 mfoni]

So ɔyarefo bi betumi anya ahotoso sɛ AIDS mmoawa nni mogya a ogye no mu?

[Asɛm Fibea]

H. Armstrong Roberts