Sikakorabea Ahorow No Tumi Bɔ Sika Ho Ban Dɛn?

“Yɛn adwene kyerɛ yɛn sɛ aka bere kakraa bi​—ɛrenkyɛ koraa​—na nkurɔfo akoyi wɔn sika afi sikakorabea wɔ wiase nyinaa na ama sikakorabea ahorow nyinaa agyae adwumayɛ.”​—When Your Bank Fails a Dennis Turner yɛe.

“Sikakorabea adwuma no wɔ ahobammɔ kɛse. Yɛwɔ nneɛma a ebetumi adi ɔhaw biara, kɛse anaasɛ ketewa a ebetumi aba no ho dwuma.”​—William Isaac a anka ɔyɛ Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation no titrani, wɔfaa nsɛm no kae wɔ U.S. News and World Report mu.

NIPA kakraa bi na wɔda so ara de wɔn sika sie pikyi (mattress) ase. Wɔ ogya a ebetumi ahyew no anaasɛ wia a wobewia akyi no, ɛnyɛ nea sika a wɔde sie wɔ saa kwan yi so no tumi ma wonya foforo ka ho. Sika foforo remmɛka ho na bo a ɛsom no so betumi atew esiane nneɛma bo a ɛkɔ soro no nti.

Sɛ obi benya sika foforo aka nea ɔde asie no ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde yɛ adwuma. Ɔkwan a wɔagye atom kɛse a wɔfa so yɛ eyi​—a sika no renyera a mfaso bɛba so​—ne sikakorabea ahorow no. Nanso wotumi bɔ sika ho ban dɛn? Sɛnea nsɛm a yɛadi kan aka no ada no adi no, adwene a nkurɔfo kura wɔ ho no gu ahorow.

So Biribi Wɔ Hɔ a Enti Ɛsɛ sɛ Ehu Ka Yɛn?

David Rockefeller a anka ɔyɛ Chase Manhattan Sikakorabea no titrani no da no adi sɛ: “Biakoyɛ kɛse wɔ sikakorabea nnwuma ahorow a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa no ntam. Sikakorabea ahorow no ne wɔn ho wɔn ho yɛ adwuma kɛse ma enti wɔdan wɔn ho wɔn ho kɛse.” Esiane eyi nti, sikakorabea anaasɛ ɔman biara nni hɔ a atew ne ho ankasa. Enti sɛ sikakorabea bi bɔ ka a, wosusuw sɛ ebetumi ama afoforo nso abɔ ka anaasɛ ɛbɛma ahotoso a sikakorabea adwuma no hia kɛse no ano abrɛ ase. Ebetumi aba sɛ nnipa a wɔde wɔn sika akosie sikakorabea no bɛkɔ akogye wɔn sika na ɛnam saa yɛ so bɛma sikakorabea ahorow no abɔ ka ntɛmntɛm a wontumi nyɛ ho hwee.

So ebetumi aba sɛ, sɛ sikakorabea bi bɔ ka wɔ baabi a, ebetumi ama sikakorabea adwuma a ɛwɔ aman ahorow so no nso abɔ ka? Rockefeller se: “Nnipa a wɔhwɛ sikakorabea adwuma ho nsɛm so wɔ U.S. ne aman afoforo so no gye di sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den de asiw ka kɛse biara a wobetumi abɔ no ano. Misusuw sɛ ɛrentumi mma saa koraa.”

Ɛwom mpo sɛ ɛde besi nnɛ no, sikakorabea ahorow no hyia ɔhaw a emu yɛ den na wɔabobɔ ka wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ nnansa yi mfe no mu de, nanso nniso ahorow no de wɔn ho gyee mu na wɔboaa wɔn. Fransefo nsɛmma nhoma a wɔfrɛ no L’Express a wotintim no dapɛn dapɛn no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Aban asoafo a wɔhwɛ sika ho nsɛm so ne sikakorabea adwumayɛfo da so ara kae nea esii wɔ 1929 mu no kɛse na wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wobetumi de asiw sika fam ahokyere a ɛbae wɔ mfe aduonum a atwam no mu a ɛbɛsan aba bio no ano​—wɔwɔ anidaso nso sɛ wobesiw nea ebefi mu aba a ɛne wiase nyinaa ɔko nso ano.” Enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛho asɛm hia yɛn.

Ɛka ho Ɔhaw

Asiane wɔ sikakorabea adwuma no mu. Wɔyɛ sika pii a emu fã kɛse ara nyɛ wɔn ankasa sika ho adwuma. Bio nso, wɔn ankasa tumi nya sika na wɔde sika a ɛdɔɔso sen nea wɔn ankasa tumi nya bɔ bosea. Bere a ebia wɔde ahwɛyiye kɛse di dwuma no, wonim sɛ nnipa binom a woabɛbɔ bosea wɔ wɔn nkyɛn no rentua. Enti woyi sika dodow bi to nkyɛn sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔde betua bosea ahorow a wɔrentua no. Nanso sɛ nnipa pii ammetua bosea a woabegye no a, nea wɔayi ato nkyɛn no nyɛ nea ebetumi atua bosea akɛseakɛse a wɔammetua no anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea wobetumi de ayɛ sikakorabea adwuma no. New York nsɛmma nhoma no ka sɛ: “Bere a sika a sikakorabea no ankasa wɔ ho ba asɛm esiane sɛ wɔammetua bosea a wɔabegye no nti no, dodow no ara na ehyia sika fam ahokyere kɛse. Sɛ sikakorabea no sika sa a, ɛma ɛbɔ ka.”

Sikakorabea ahorow pii a ɛwo hɔ nnɛ no rehyia saa ɔhaw yi​—nnipa pii mmetua bosea a woabegye no na wonni sika a ɛdɔɔso a wobetumi de akɔ so ayɛ adwuma no. Nea wɔkyerɛ sɛ ama aba saa no dɔɔso: petrol ho ɔhaw no, aguadi mu anohyeto ahorow ne ka a wɔbɔ, sikasɛm nhyehyɛe no a ɛsɛe, mfɛntom a ɛtaa sakra, nneɛma bo a ɛkɔ soro, nneɛma bo a ɛba fam, bosea ho nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den, nnwuma a wɔbɔ ka, akansi a emu yɛ den​—nimdeɛ a wonni ne agyimisɛm mpo.

Nanso akwan ahorow a wɔbɛfa so ama adwuma no akɔ so wɔ hɔ​—wɔ krataa so. Ɔkwan biako a wɔtaa fa so ne sɛ wɔbɛsan ayɛ bosea a wobetua no ho nhyehyɛe na wɔama wɔn bere pii. Ɔkwan foforo nso ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw sika no dodow ato hɔ, ɛwom sɛ ebia anidaso kakraa bi na wɔwɔ sɛ wobetua dwetiri no nyinaa de. Ɔkwan biako a wɔtaa fa so nso ne sɛ wɔbɛsan de sika pii abɔ nnipa a wɔabegye bosea dedaw no bosea sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi atua ho mfɛntom no.

Mprempen sikakorabea ahorow no de eyi nyinaa di dwuma wɔ ka a Wiase Aman a Ɛto So Abiɛsa no de a nnipa pii susuw sɛ ɛyɛ asiane kɛse ma amanaman ntam sikakorabea adwuma no ho. Sɛnea World Bank nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ no, ka a aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso bɛboro ɔha de wɔ amannɔne no dodow duu bɛyɛ dɔla ɔpepepem 950 wɔ 1985 awiei a ɛyɛ nea ɛboro afe a etwaam de no so ɔha biara mu 4.6. Ɛwom sɛ ka yi so dedaw de, nanso wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ebedu dɔla ɔpepepepem 1.01 wɔ 1986 awiei. Dɛn ntia? Efisɛ saa aman no pii ntumi ntua wɔn sika no na wɔpɛ bere ne sika pii. Esiane sɛ sikakorabea ahorow no nim sɛ bosea a wɔabegye no dɔɔso nti, wɔapene so. Obi se: “Sɛ mede wo ka dɔla biako a, wowɔ me so tumi; nanso sɛ mede wo ka dɔla ɔpepem biako a, mewɔ wo so tumi.”

Esiane sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a emu yɛ den mu amanehunu afono aman binom a wɔde ka kɛse no nti, nea wɔhwɛ kwan bere nyinaa ne sɛ wobetumi asi gyinae sɛ worentua bosea a woakogye no. Sikakorabea ahorow no rentumi nhyɛ aman a wɔde wɔn ho no sɛ wontua sika no. Savvy nsɛmma nhoma no se: “Wɔ sikakorabea ahorow no fam no, ka a wɔde wɔ wiase nyinaa no kyerɛ asɛntiaa bi. Wonya mfaso pii denam bosea a wɔbɔ no so na sɛ aman ahorow no ntumi ntua bosea akɛseakɛse a woakogye no a, mfaso a sikakorabea ahorow no nya, dwetiri no, ne nea ɛtete saa no so bɛtew kɛse. . . . Ka a Wiase Aman a Ɛto So Abiɛsa no de a worentua no betumi ama sikakorabea akɛseakɛse no abɔ ka.”

Abenfo bo kɔkɔ sɛ, sɛ aman anan pɛ​—Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, ne Venezuela​—antumi antua ka a wɔde no a, ebetumi ama sikakorabea akɛse akron a ɛwɔ U.S. abɔ ka.

“So Me Sikakorabea Rentumi Mmɔ Ka?”

So obi betumi aka sa sikakorabea bi rentumi mmɔ ka? Changing Times nsɛmma nhoma no se: “Wɔ nnipa a wɔde wɔn sika asie wɔ sikakorabea pii fam no, ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea wobetumi ahu sɛnea sikakorabea bi sikasɛm te.” The New York Times de ka ho sɛ: “Osuahu a wɔanya nnansa yi ada no adi sɛ ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ nnipa a wɔnyɛ adwuma wɔ sikakorabea no betumi ahu sɛ sikakorabea bi wɔ sika. Sikakorabea ho nhwehwɛmufo kamfoo sikakorabea kɛse biara a ɛbɔɔ ka anaasɛ ɛreyɛ abɔ ka wɔ nnansa yi mfe no mu no kɛse. . . . Nnipa a wɔhwɛ sikakorabea sikasɛm ho nsɛm so anhu sɛ wɔrehyia ɔhaw a emu yɛ den kosii sɛ ɛbɔɔ ka ansa.”

Mpɛn pii nea obi a ɔde ne sika sie wɔ sikakorabea tumi yɛ ara ne sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no mu: nnwuma ahorow a wɔyɛ, adamfofa su ne ahoɔhare a wɔde di n’ahiade ho dwuma. Ɛwom, faako a sikakorabea ahorow no bɔ wɔn adwuma no ho dawuru no, saa nneɛma no na wɔtaa si so dua​—sikakorabea dwumayeni a ɔwɔ adamfofa su, bosea a wɔde ma ntɛm, ne nnwuma ahorow bi. Ɛtɔ bere bi a wɔma nkurɔfo akyɛde sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya nnipa afoforo a wɔde wɔn sika bɛba abesie wɔ hɔ. Nanso wɔnka sika a sikakorabea no wɔ ho asɛm ahe biara. Ampa, nnwuma ahorow a sikakorabea yɛ no ho hia. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow nso ne mfɛntom a wɔde ma no ne sɛnea wotua no. Nea ɛho hia obi a ɔde ne sika akosie wɔ hɔ no titiriw ne hwɛ a wobetumi ahwɛ ne sika no so no.

Wɔ ha no, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ eyi ne ahobammɔ ho sika (insurance) a wobetua wɔ sika a wɔde akɔto sikakorabea no ho no. The Atlantic Monthly ka sɛ: “Esiane ahobammɔ ho sika a wobetua wɔ sika a wɔde akɔto sikakorabea no ho nti, ɛnyɛ ɔhaw mma nnipa a wɔde wɔn sika asie wɔ hɔ no na mmom sikakorabea adwumayɛfo ne nnipa a wɔwɔ kyɛfa wɔ sikakorabea adwuma no mu no, gye sɛ sikakorabea adwuma no gu koraa. Ɛnyɛ nea ebetumi aba sɛ ka a sikakorabea adwuma no bɛbɔ no betumi ama nkurɔfo ahwere wɔn sika a wɔde asie wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu te sɛ nea esii wɔ afe apem ahankron aduasa no mu hɔ no.”

Enti eye sɛ wobɛhwɛ sɛ ebia wobetua ahobammɔ ho sika wɔ wo sika a wode asie no ho ne onii a obetua no. Ahobammɔ ho sika a aban tua no ye sen biara. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation a ɛwɔ United States no yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso. Ebinom a wɔka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ wobetua ahobammɔ ho sika wɔ wɔn sika a wɔde asie sikakorabea ho no hui akyiri yi sɛ ɛyɛ ahyehyɛde bi a enni sika a ɛdɔɔso a ebetumi atua nnipa a wɔn sika wɔ sikakorabea no nyinaa ka, sɛ ɛbɔ ka a. Hu ahobammɔ ho sika a wɔatua wɔ ho no dodow. Sɛ sika a wowɔ no dɔɔso sen eyi a, susuw sie a wode wo sika no bi bɛkɔ akosie sikakorabea afoforo no ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetua ahobammɔ ho sika wɔ sika a wowɔ no nyinaa ho.

Dɛn na Ɛda Yɛn Anim?

Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ sikakorabea ahorow no bɛkɔ so abɔ ka na wɔn a wɔbɔ ka no dodow betumi akɔ soro mpo. Nanso nea ehia sikakorabea adwuma no titiriw ne ahotoso a wɔbɛkɔ so anya wom no. Fortune nsɛmma nhoma no ka sɛ: “Sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ sika wɔ sikakorabea no te sika fam ahokyere yi ase sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wogyina so koyi wɔn sika fi sikakorabea ahorow a abɔ ka no hɔ a, nsɛnnennen betumi asɔre.”

Wɔda so ara reyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma ka a Wiase Aman a Ɛtɔ So Abiɛsa no de no so atew kɛse na wɔaboa wɔn ama wɔatumi atua wɔn ka ahorow no. Albin Chalandon a anka ɔyɛ Fransefo ɔsoafo a ɔhwɛ nnwuma ho nhyehyɛe ho nsɛm so no se: “Awiei koraa no, wɔn a wotua tow wɔ wiase nyinaa no na wobetua ka kɛse no.”

Ɛnde na sikakorabea ahorow no tumi bɔ sika ho ban dɛn? Sikakorabea dwumayɛni biako ka no sɛɛ se: “Sikakorabea adwuma no wɔ ahobammɔ te sɛ nniso ahorow a egyina wɔn akyi no ara pɛ.” Bere a ɛte sɛ nea ebetumi ama yɛanya ahotoso mprempren no, ɛma nnipa a wodwen nneɛma ho no nya biribi susuw ho. Dɛn ntia? Efisɛ Bible no kaa asase so nniso ahorow nyinaa a wɔbɛsɛe no na wɔde Onyankopɔn Ahenni a ɛbɛtra hɔ daa asi ananmu ho asɛm siei. (Daniel 2:44) Ɛtwe adwene si nsɛm a esisi wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 yi mu no so sɛ ɛyɛ mprempren nhyehyɛe no awiei ho sɛnkyerɛnne.​—Mateo 24:3, 6, 7, 21, 22.

Bible no ka nnipa a wɔbɛtow wɔn sika kɔkɔɔ ne wɔn dwetɛ agu mmorɔn so sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ebetumi agye wɔn wɔ saa bere no mu no ho asɛm. (Hesekiel 7:19; Sefania 1:18) Esiane sɛ wɔbɛtow nneɛma a ɛsom bo kɛse yi agu ampa nti, ɔkwan bɛn so na yebetumi de yɛn ho ato aman ahorow sika anaasɛ sikakorabea ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho to so no so? Nniso ahorow a egyina wɔn akyi no befi hɔ!

Enti Yesu de kɔkɔbɔ a ɛfata mae sɛ: “Monnhyehyɛ ademude asase so, nea nwewee ne nkanare sɛe no, na owifo bubu kowia. Na monhyehyɛ ademude ɔsoro, nea nwewee ne nkanare nsɛe no na awifo mmubu nkowia; na nea w’ademude wɔ no, ɛhɔ na wo koma nsɔ wɔ. . . . Worentumi nsom Onyankopɔn ne mamon.”​—Mateo 6:19-21, 24.

[Kratafa 9 adaka]

Sɛnea Sikakorabea Adwuma no Te​—Nea Afoforo Ka

● “Ɛnyɛ nea wɔagugu mu dodo sɛ wobɛka sɛ nniso a ɛwɔ aman a wɔde ka kɛse no mu no mu pii, International Monetary Fund, Federal Reserve Board ne sikakorabea ahorow a ɛwɔ Amerika ne aman pii mu ɔhaha pii rehyia sikasɛm mu ahokyere kɛse fi 1950 mfe no mu.”​—New York nsɛmma nhoma.

● Mprempren nhyehyɛe ahorow no ntumi mfa ahobammɔ kɛse mma. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wiase no sikasɛm bɛyɛ basaa. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ka no ho ɔhaw no rema nneɛma mu ayɛ den ama aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso no nko, na mmom ɛreyɛ asɛe nkɔso a aman a woanya nkɔso wɔ mfiridwuma mu no ma sikakorabea adwuma no renya no.”​—Amanneɛbɔ bi a abenfo kuw bi a wofi Commonwealth aman no mu de mae, The Guardian a wotintim wo London no.

● Ka kɛse a wiase aman a ɛto so abiɛsa no de sikakorabea ahorow a ɛwɔ United States no reyɛ ama Amerika sikakorabea adwuma no asɛe.​—New York Times nsɛmma nhoma.

● Ka a wɔde wɔ wiase nyinaa no dɔɔso araa ma ayɛ nhyɛase ama ka kɛse a sikakorabea adwuma a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa no bɛbɔ.” “Nea ɛma ka a wɔde wɔ wiase nyinaa no yɛ asɛnnennen no ne sɛ sikakorabea ahorow no de ka araa ma ɛnyɛ nea wobetumi atua a adwuma mũ no nyinaa rengu.”​—Savvy nsɛmma nhoma.

● “Tebea a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu yɛ den kɛse na asiane kɛse nso wom sen sɛnea na ɛte wɔ 1930 mfe no mu no.”​—West Germany sikasɛm ho ɔbenfo Kurt Richebächer, U.S. News and World Report.

[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ kratafa 10]

Aman a Afei na Ɛrenya Nkɔso Dunson a Wɔde Ka Kɛse

Ɔman Ka a Ɛde Ka a Wɔde No

($ no wɔ ɔpepepem mu) Ɔha Mu Nkyekyema

Argentina 50.8 86.8

Bolivia 4.0 39.3

Brazil 107.3 84.2

Chile 21.0 87.2

Colombia 11.3 57.5

Costa Rica 4.2 59.7

Ecuador 8.5 73.8

Ivory Coast 8.0 64.1

Jamaica 3.4 24.0

Mexico 99.0 89.1

Morocco 14.0 39.1

Nigeria 19.3 88.2

Peru 13.4 60.7

Philippines 24.8 67.8

Uruguay 3.6 82.1

Venezuela 33.6 99.5

Yugoslavia 19.6 64.0

Dodow 445.9 80.8

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

Faako a Efi: World Debt Tables, 1985-86 de, World Bank a ɛwɔ Washington, D.C. na etintimii.

[[Kratafa 8 mfoni]

Sɛ sikakorabea akɛse pii bɔ ka a, nea ebefi mu aba no betumi ama sikakorabea adwuma no nyinaa agu