Amanaman no Nsua Biribi Ara

“Sɛ nnipa betumi asua biribi afi abakɔsɛm mu a,—hwɛ asuade a anka yebenya! Nanso Nneɛma ho nkate ne Amanyɔsɛm fura yɛn ani, na hann a Osuahu ma yenya no te sɛ kanea a esi ahyɛmma to a ɛhyerɛn asorɔkye a ɛwɔ yɛn akyi no nkutoo so!”—Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

SO WO ne Engiresini anwensɛm kyerɛwfo Samuel Coleridge yɛ adwene? So ebetumi aba sɛ biribi ho nkate a yɛwɔ no betumi afura yɛn ani araa ma yɛadi mfomso koro no ara a awo ntoatoaso a atwam dii no?

Mmeamudua Ho Akodi

Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw nneɛma bi a nkurɔfo yɛe wɔ Mmeamudua Ho Akodi mu no ho hwɛ. Wɔ 1095 Y.B. mu no, Pope Urban II hyɛɛ “Kristofo” nkuran sɛ wonnye Asase Kronkron no mfi Nkramofo nsam. Ahemfo, adehye akofofo, ne mpapahwekwa a wɔwɔ aman a ɛhyɛ Urban II ase mu nyinaa gyee saa ɔfrɛ yi so. Sɛnea mfinimfini mmere mu abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo bi kyerɛ no, na “ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nnipa bi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wodi Kristo mmara so” a wɔamfa ahopere annyina adeyɛ no akyi.

Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Zoé Oldenbourg ka sɛ na mmeamudua ho akofofo no mu dodow no ara “kura gyidi a emu yɛ den sɛ sɛ wɔde mmeamudua no di ako a, [na wɔde] wɔn ho rehyɛ Onyankopɔn Ankasa adwuma mu tẽẽ.” Ɔka sɛ wobuu wɔn ho sɛ wɔyɛ “abɔfo adesɛefo a wɔretow ahyɛ ɔbonsam mma so.” Nhomakyerɛwfo Brian Moynahan ka sɛ, wɔsan nso gye dii sɛ “wɔn a wowu nyinaa benya abodin sɛ mogya dansefo wɔ soro.”

Ebia na mmeamudua ho akofofo no nnim sɛ wɔn atamfo no nso susuw saa. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo J. M. Roberts ka wɔ ne nhoma Shorter History of the World mu sɛ, na adwene a Nkramofo asraafo no nso de kɔ ɔko ne sɛ wɔreko ama Onyankopɔn na “sɛ wowu wɔ akodi a etia wɔn a wɔsɔre tia nyamesom no mu a, wɔbɛkɔ paradise” wɔ soro.

Wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ afã abien no nyinaa sɛ ako a wɔredi no fata—Onyankopɔn apene so ahyira so. Nyamesom ne amammui akannifo hyɛɛ saa gyidi yi ho nkuran na wɔhyɛɛ nkate a wɔn nkoa kura no mu gya. Na afanu no nyinaa dii atirimɔdensɛm a enni ano.

Nnipa Bɛn?

Nnipa bɛn na wodii saa atirimɔdensɛm yi? Ná wɔn mu dodow no ara yɛ nnipa te sɛ yɛn ara—na wɔnyɛ soronko wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ no ho. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ade a ɛkanyan wɔn mu dodow no ara ne adwene ne ɔpɛ a na wɔwɔ sɛ wobesiesie nneɛma a atoto wɔ wɔn bere so no. Esiane sɛ na wɔn ani abere wɔ nkate fam nti, ɛte sɛ nea wɔanhu nokwasɛm a ɛne sɛ bere a na wosusuw sɛ wɔreko de apɛ “atɛntrenee” no, wɔamfa biribi pa bi ammrɛ mmarima, mmea, ne mmofra ɔpehaha pii a na wɔwɔ mmeae a ɔko no rekɔ so no sɛ atɛnkyea, ɛyaw, ne amanehunu.

So ɛnyɛ saa na akɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu? So akannifo a wɔwɔ nkɛntɛnso nkanyan nnipa ɔpepem pii—a sɛ ɛnyɛ saa nkɛntɛnso no a, anka wonsusuw adeyɛ a ɛte saa ho da—ma wonnii ako a atirimɔden ne awudisɛm wom ntiaa wɔn nyamesom ne amammui mu asɔretiafo bere nyinaa? Afanu no nyinaa a na wɔboaboa wɔn ano ma wodi ako, ne kyerɛ a na wɔkyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn ka ɔfã biara ho no, maa amammui ne ɔsom mu asɔretiafo a wɔyɛɛ wɔn basabasa no bɛyɛɛ biribi a ɛfata. Ɛyɛ su a ase atim ankasa a aboa atirimɔdenfo mfehaha pii. Moynahan ka sɛ eyi yɛ gyinapɛn a “ɛboaa wɔn a wɔkanyan Okunkɛse no ne nnɛyi mmusua asetɔre no ɔkwan biara so sɛnea ɛboaa mmeamudua ho akodi a edi kan no ara pɛ.”

Ebia wobɛka sɛ, ‘nanso nnipa a wɔn adwenem da hɔ nnɛ no mma kwan mma biribi a ɛte saa nni wɔn so saa. So yɛn ani mmuei nnɛ nsen kan no?’ Saa na anka ɛsɛ sɛ ɛba. Nanso so yɛasua biribi afi abakɔsɛm mu ankasa? Hena na obetumi aka pen sɛ yɛatumi ayɛ saa bere a osusuw nneɛma a asisi wɔ mfe ɔha a atwam ho no?

Wiase Ko a Edi Kan No

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔsan dii anammɔn a Mmeamudua Ho Akodi no twa too hɔ no akyi bio wɔ wiase ko a edi kan no mu. Roberts ka sɛ, “nneɛma a ntease nnim a ɛkɔɔ so 1914 no bi ne sɛ wɔ ɔman biara mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnipa a wofi akuw, gyidi, ne mmusua nyinaa mu no pii fi wɔn pɛ mu de wɔn ho hyɛɛ akodi mu anigye so ma ɛyɛɛ nwonwa.”

Dɛn nti na mpapahwekwa pii “fi wɔn pɛ mu de wɔn ho hyɛɛ akodi mu anigye so”? Efisɛ te sɛ wɔn a wofi wɔn pɛ mu kɔɔ ako mmere bi a atwam no, nyansapɛ a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no kanyan wɔn nsusuwii ne wɔn gyidi ahorow. Bere a ebia ahofadi ne atɛntrenee ho nnyinasosɛm kanyan ebinom no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ahantan su kanyan nnipa dodow no ara ma wosusuwii sɛ wɔn man korɔn sen afoforo de, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wodi afoforo so.

Wɔdaadaa eyinom ma wogye dii sɛ ɔko yɛ biribi a wofi adebɔ mu ahyehyɛ a wontumi nkwati—biribi a “abɔde a nkwa wom hia ɔkwan biara so.” Nhomakyerɛwfo Phil Williams ka sɛ, sɛ nhwɛso no, “Social Darwinism” nkyerɛkyerɛ no hyɛɛ adwene a ɛne sɛ ɔko yɛ ɔkwampa a wɔnam so “tɔre abɔde a wɔmfata sɛ wɔtra nkwa mu no ase” ho nkuran.

Nokwarem no, na obiara susuw sɛ nea n’ankasa reyɛ no fata. Dɛn na efi mu bae? Nhoma ne abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Martin Gilbert ka sɛ, wɔ Wiase Ko I mu no, “nniso ahorow no gyinaa abusua mu nyiyim, ɔmampɛ honhom ne sraadi akyi denneennen”—na wɔdaadaa nkurɔfo ma wodii wɔn akyi. Sikasɛm ho nimdefo John Kenneth Galbraith nyinii wɔ Canada akuraa bi ase bere a na ɔko no rekɔ so no. Ɔkae sɛ wɔ mmaa nyinaa no, obiara kaa “nkwaseade a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Europa ɔko no mu” ho asɛm. Wɔkae sɛ: “Nnipa a wɔn adwenem da hɔ . . . amfa wɔn ho anhyɛ adammɔ nneɛma a ɛte saa mu.” Nanso bere kɔɔ so no, wɔyɛɛ saa. Dɛn na efi mu bae? Ná Canada asraafo bɛyɛ 60,000 ka asraafo bɛboro ɔpepem akron a wowuwui wɔ afanu no nyinaa mu wɔ adapaade a wɔbɛfrɛɛ no wiase ko a edi kan mu no ho.

Wɔansua Biribiara Amfi Mu

Mfirihyia aduonu a edi hɔ mu no, honhom koro no ara fii ase daa adi bio wɔ Fasistfo ne Nasifo mu. Hugh Purcell kyerɛw sɛ, Fasistfo fii ase de “atetesɛm ne nnaadaasɛm ho nsɛnkyerɛnne ne nnaadaasɛm ne atosɛm dii dwuma de kanyan nnipa nkate.” Adwinnade bi a na tumi wom a wɔde dii dwuma titiriw ne nyamesom ne amammuisɛm a wɔde dii afra, na wɔbɔɔ mpae srɛɛ Onyankopɔn nhyira guu wɔn asraafo no so.

Onipa a na “ɔno nso aben wɔ nyansapɛ a wɔnam so daadaa afoforo mu na onim baguam kasa yiye” ne Adolf Hiltler. Dick Geary ka wɔ Hitler and Nazism mu sɛ, te sɛ atuatewfo pii a wɔtraa ase tete no, Hitler gye dii sɛ ‘ɛnyɛ nnipa no amemene na ɛkyerɛ wɔn nea wɔnyɛ, na mmom wɔn nkate.’ Purcell ka sɛ, ɔde nnipa mmerɛwyɛ yi dii dwuma denam anifere a ɔde faa ɔkwan a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no so de maa nkurɔfo nyaa ɔtan maa wɔn atamfo—te sɛ bere a “ɔmaa Germanfo nyaa Yudafo ho suro ne wɔn ho menasepɔw no.” Hitler sopaa Yudafo no, na ɔkae sɛ, ‘Yudafo na wɔresɛe German man no.’

Nea ɛmaa saa bere yi yɛɛ hu koraa ne sɛ na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛkanyan nnipa a wodi wɔn ho ni ma wɔakum nnipa pii. Geary bisa sɛ: “Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na ɔman a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔn ani abue mu nnipa antumi annya nneɛma ho koma kakra mpo, na mmom wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ awudi a ɛyɛ hu mu wɔ Nasi man mu?” Ná ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛyɛ “anibuei” man nko, na mmom na wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ Kristofo man nso! Wotumi kanyan wɔn ma wɔyɛɛ eyi efisɛ na wɔn ani gye nyansapɛ ne nnipa nhyehyɛe ho sen Yesu Kristo nkyerɛkyerɛ. Na hwɛ sɛnea wɔadaadaa mmarima ne mmea pii a wɔyɛ katee wɔ nsusuwii hunu mu no ma wɔadi atirimɔdensɛm fi saa bere no!

Germanni nyansapɛfo Georg Hegel ka sɛ: “Nea osuahu ne abakɔsɛm ama ada adi ne sɛ aman ne nniso ahorow no nsuaa biribi mfii abakɔsɛm mu, anaasɛ wɔnyɛɛ asuade a wɔanya no ho biribi.” Ebia nnipa pii ne Hegel nyɛ adwene wɔ ne nyansapɛ a ɛfa asetra ho no mu, nanso kakraa bi na wɔrente asɛm a ɔkae no ase. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den ma nnipa sɛ wobesua biribi afi abakɔsɛm mu. Nanso so saa na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛba wɔ wo fam?

Nokwarem no, asuade biako a ɛda adi sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yenya ni: Sɛ yɛbɛkwati awerɛhosɛm a esisii awo ntoatoaso a atwam mu no a, yehia biribi a yebetumi de yɛn ho ato so koraa sen nnipa nyansapɛ a mfomso wɔ ho no. Nanso, sɛ ɛnyɛ nnipa nyansapɛ na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ yɛn nsusuwii kwan a, ɛnde na dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ yɛn kwan? Bɛboro mfirihyia apem ansa na Mmeamudua Ho Akodi no reba no, Yesu Kristo asuafo no kyerɛɛ nea nokware Kristosom—adeyɛ koro pɛ a ntease wom no—kyerɛ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛe a amma wɔamfa wɔn ho anhyɛ mogyahwiegu akodi a na ɛkɔ so wɔ wɔn bere so mu no. Nanso, so ebetumi aba sɛ aman a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no besua biribi a ɛte saa na wɔakwati akodi? Na ɛmfa ho nea aman no yɛ biara no, dɛn na Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ de ama nnipa amanehunu yi nyinaa aba awiei?

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 22]

Atirimɔdenne ne amanehunu ada adi wɔ nnipa ntam akodi mu

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 23]

Atifi: Aguanfo a wɔwɔ baabi a ɔko asɛe hɔ

Ɛyɛɛ dɛn na nnipa a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔn ani abue tumi de wɔn ho hyɛɛ basabasayɛ a enni ano mu saa?

[Nsɛm Fibea]

Rwanda aguanfo: UN PHOTO 186788/J. Isaac;

Wiase Aguadi Asoɛe a edwiriw gui no: AP Photo/Amy Sancetta