Ko Te “ ʼApi ʼo Tavite”—ʼE Ko He Moʼoni Koa Peʼe Kailoa?

ʼE TOU fakatokagaʼi ʼe lahi te talanoa ʼa te Tohi-Tapu kia Tavite​—te tūpulaga tauhi ōvi ʼaē neʼe liliu ko he tagata fai musika, ko he tagata fai tuketuke, ko he tagata tau, ko he polofeta—​pea mo nofo hau. ʼE tuʼa 1 138 te talanoa ʼa te Tohi-Tapu ki tona higoa; pea ko te kupu ʼaē ko te “ ʼApi ʼo Tavite”​—ʼe tautau fakaʼaogaʼi ki te hōloga hau ʼo Tavite—​ʼo tuʼa 25 tona fakaʼaogaʼi. (1 Samuele 20:16) Neʼe maʼuli moʼoni koa te Hau ko Tavite pea mo tona hōloga hau? Koteā ʼaē ʼe fakahā e te alekeolosia? ʼE ʼui ko te meʼa fakaofoofo neʼe hoki maʼu ʼi te ʼu kumi faka alekeolosia ʼi Tel Dan ʼi te potu tokelau ʼo Kalilea, ʼe lagolago ki te ʼui ʼaē ʼe moʼoni te hisitolia ʼo Tavite pea mo tona hōloga hau.

ʼI te fasiga taʼu māfana ʼo te taʼu 1993, ko te kūtuga faka alekeolosia, neʼe takitaki e te Polofesea ko Avraham Biran, neʼe nātou fakamaʼa te koga meʼa ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ʼi tuʼa atu ʼo te telituale ʼo Tane. Neʼe nātou maʼu ai te faʼahi neʼe tanu maka. Neʼe faigafua te tohoʼi ake ʼo te foʼi maka lanu ʼuli ʼaē neʼe ʼasi ake ki tuʼa ʼi te kele. ʼI te hili hoʼatā, ʼi te fakahaga ʼo te foʼi maka ki te laʼā, neʼe hā lelei ai te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ai. Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te Polofesea ko Biran. “Ê! kua tou maʼu te meʼa neʼe tohi.”

Ko te Polofesea ko Biran pea mo tona kaumeʼa, ko te Polofesea ʼo te Univelesitē ʼi Selusalemi ko Joseph Naveh, neʼe nā foimo fakamatala te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ai. ʼO fakatafito ki te fakamatala ʼaia, ʼe tou lau fēnei ʼi te alatike ʼo te nusipepa Biblical Archaeology Review, ʼo Malesio/ʼApelili 1994: “ ʼE mole ko he aga māhani te fakahā ʼo he meʼa faka alekeolosia ʼi te ʼuluaki pasina ʼo te New York Times (ʼo toe feiā aipe mo te nusipepa Time). Kae ko te meʼa ʼaia ʼaē neʼe hoko ʼi te fasiga taʼu māfana kua hili, ʼi te meʼa ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te kiʼi moʼuga matalelei ʼi Tel Dan, ko he tuʼuga kele matalelei neʼe tānaki ʼi te potu tokelau ʼo Kalilea, ʼi te lalo moʼuga ʼo Helemone, ia tafa ʼo te ʼu vai ʼo te Vaitafe ʼo Solotane.

“ ʼI te kiʼi moʼuga ʼaia, neʼe maʼu ai e Avraham Biran pea mo tana kūtuga alekeolosia te meʼa fakaofoofo neʼe tohi talu mai te hiva sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, ʼe talanoa ki te ‘ ʼApi ʼo Tavite’ pea mo te ‘Hau ʼo Iselaele.’ Ko te hoki maʼu ʼaia ʼo te higoa ʼo Tavite ʼi he meʼa ʼāfea neʼe tohi ʼi tuʼa atu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. ʼE fakaofoofo tāfito te faʼahi ʼaia, koteʼuhi ko te meʼa ʼaia neʼe tohi, ʼe mole talanoa pe ki he faʼahiga ‘Tavite,’ kae ʼe toe talanoa foki ki te ʼApi ʼo Tavite, te hōloga hau ʼo te hau lahi ʼo te kau Iselaelite.

“Ko te kupu ʼaē ko te ‘Hau ʼo Iselaele’ ʼe tautau maʼu ʼi te Tohi-Tapu, tāfito ʼi te Tohi ʼo te ʼu Hau. Kae ko te meʼa ʼaia neʼe maʼu, ʼe lagi ko te meʼa ʼāfea tāfito ʼaia ʼaē ʼe pipiki ki te Tohi-Tapu, pea ʼe talanoa ai ki te kau Iselaele ʼi te faitohi faka Sutea. Ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe fakamoʼoni kiai te faitohi ʼaia, ʼe ko Iselaele pea mo Suta, neʼe ko te ʼu puleʼaga maʼuhiga ʼi te temi ʼaia, ka mole hage ia ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe ʼui e ʼihi kau popoto ʼaē ʼe nātou meʼa noaʼi te Tohi-Tapu.”

Kapau ʼe nātou fia ʼiloʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe tohi ai te meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou maʼu, pea ʼe nātou sivisivi te agaaga ʼo te ʼu mataʼi tohi, te ʼu ipu kele ʼaē neʼe nātou maʼu ʼe tuku ōvi ki te maka ʼaē ʼe tuʼu ai te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi, pea mo te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi. Ko te ʼu faʼahiga fai ʼaia e tolu ʼe nātou fakahā te temi pe e tahi, te hiva sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, ia taʼu ʼe lauʼi teau ki muli mai ʼi te kua mate ʼo te Hau ko Tavite. ʼE faka tui te kau popoto ko te meʼa ʼaia ʼaē neʼe tohi, neʼe ko he koga ʼo te maka ʼaē neʼe fakatuʼu ʼi Dan e te fili Alamea ʼo ʼuhiga mo tana mālo ʼi te “Hau ʼo Iselaele” pea mo te “[Hau ʼo te] ʼApi ʼo Tavite.” Ko te kau Alamea, ʼaē neʼe tauhi ki te ʼatua ʼo te afā, ko Hadad, neʼe nātou nonofo ʼi te potu hahake.

Lolotoga te fasiga taʼu māfana ʼo te taʼu 1994, neʼe maʼu te tahi ʼu koga ʼo te maka ʼaē neʼe maʼu. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te Polofesea ko Biram: “ ʼI te ʼu koga ʼaia e lua, ʼe tuʼu ai te higoa ʼo te ʼatua Alamea ko Hadad, pea ʼe toe talanoa ki te tau ʼa te kau Iselaelite pea mo te kau Alamea.”

Ko te koga tāfito ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te taʼu 1993, ʼe tuʼu ai te ʼu koga e 13 ʼe hā lelei, neʼe tohi ʼi te lea faka Hepeleo ʼāfea. ʼI te temi ʼaia, neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼu puani moʼo vaheʼi ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼaē neʼe tohi. Kae, ko te “ ʼApi ʼo Tavite” ʼe tohi ʼaki te ʼu mataʼi tohi “bytdwd” (ʼo tohi ʼaki te ʼu mataʼi tohi loma) kae mole ko te mataʼi tohi “byt” (ʼapi), ko te puani, pea mo te mataʼi tohi “dwd” (Tavite). ʼE mahino ia, neʼe lagaʼi ai te ʼu fehuʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo te mataʼi tohi “bytdwd.”

Ko te Polofesea poto ko Anson Rainey ʼaē ʼe ina ako te ʼu lea, ʼe ina fakamahino fēnei: “Ko Joseph Naveh pea mo Avraham Biran neʼe mole nā fakamahino fakalelei te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi, he neʼe lagi ʼi tanā manatu ko nātou ʼaē ka nātou lau te meʼa ʼaia, ʼe nātou mahino anai ʼe tautau galo te tohi ʼo te kupu ʼaē ʼe ina vaheʼi te ʼu kupu, tāfito mo kapau ko te fakatahiʼi ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼaia ʼe ko he higoa ʼe kua ʼiloʼi papau. ʼE mahino papau ia ‘ko te ʼApi ʼo Tavite’ neʼe ko he higoa faka politike, pea mo faka seokalafia ʼi te vaelua ʼo te hiva sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi.”

Ko He Tahi Fakamoʼoni Faka Alekeolosia

ʼI te ʼosi maʼu ʼo te meʼa ʼaia, ko te Polofesea ko André Lemaire, ko he tagata neʼe ina sivi lelei te Maka ʼo Mesa (neʼe toe higoaʼi foki ko te Maka ʼo te kau Moapite), neʼe ina fakahā ʼe toe talanoa te maka ʼaia ki te “ ʼApi ʼo Tavite.”a Ko te Maka ʼo Mesa, ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te taʼu 1868, ʼe lahi te ʼu meʼa ʼe tatau ai mo te maka ʼo Tel Dan. Neʼe tohi te ʼu maka ʼaia ʼi te hiva sēkulō ʼi muʼa ʼo totatou temi, pea ʼe tatau te ʼu meʼa ʼaē ʼe nā talanoa kiai, mo te lahi ʼo te ʼu maka ʼaia, pea ʼe teitei ke tatau fuli te ʼu mataʼi tohi ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te faitohi faka Sutea.

Moʼo toe tohi fakalelei te meʼa ʼo te Maka ʼo Mesa ʼaē neʼe kua teitei puli, neʼe tohi fēnei e te Polofesea ko Lemaire: “ ʼO teitei pe ia taʼu e lua ki muʼa atu ʼi te maʼu ʼo te maka ʼo Tel Dan, neʼe ʼau ʼui ko te maka ʼo Mesa ʼe talanoa ai ki te ‘ ʼApi ʼo Tavite.’ . . . Ko te tupuʼaga la ʼaia ʼo te mole fakatokagaʼi ki muʼa atu ia te talanoa ki te ‘ ʼApi ʼo Tavite,’ ʼe lagi ʼuhi ko te editio princeps [tona ʼuluaki fakaliliu]. Ko te fakaliliu ʼaia ʼaē neʼe ʼau fai, hili kiai taʼu e 125 talu mai te temi ʼaē neʼe maʼu ai te maka ʼo Mesa.”

Ko te ʼu meʼa ʼaia ʼaē neʼe maʼu e te alekeolosia ʼe maʼuhiga kia tatou, koteʼuhi neʼe fakamoʼoni e te ʼaselo, mo Sesu totonu, mo tana kau tisipulo, pea mo te hahaʼi katoa, ki te ʼui ʼaē neʼe maʼuli moʼoni ia Tavite. (Mateo 1:1; 12:3; 21:9; Luka 1:​32; Gāue 2:​29) Ko te ʼu meʼa faka alekeolosia ʼaē neʼe maʼu, ʼe nātou fakamoʼoni neʼe maʼuli moʼoni ia Tavite pea mo tona hōloga hau, te “ ʼApi ʼo Tavite,” ʼe ko he hisitolia moʼoni, kae mole ko he hisitolia neʼe faʼu e te tagata.

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

[Paki ʼo te pasina 31]

Ko te Maka ʼo Tel Dan,b ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te taʼu 1993 ʼi te kolo faka Tohi-Tapu ʼo Dan, ʼi te potu tokelau ʼo Kalilea

[Kiʼi nota]