Ko He “Tagata ʼe Feʼaluʼaki Maʼa Te Evaselio”
ʼE LAU ko George Borrow ʼi tona taʼu 18, neʼe kua mālama ki te ʼu lea e 12. Hili kiai te ʼu taʼu e lua, neʼe kua ina lava fakaliliu “fakalelei pea mo matala lelei” ki te ʼu lea kehekehe e 20.
ʼI te taʼu 1833, neʼe fakaafe te tagata ʼaia ʼaē neʼe nofo mo tona poto makehe ke fakafehuʼi e Te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu Pilitania Pea Mo Matāpule ʼi Lonitoni, ʼi Pilitania. Neʼe mole feala hana totogi tana fagona, kae ʼi tana fia fakaʼaogaʼi te faigamālie ʼaia, ko Borrow ʼi tona taʼu 30 neʼe haʼele ia kilometa e 180 mai tona ʼapi ʼi Norwich, ʼo haʼele lolotoga ia hola e 28.
Neʼe tuku age e te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu ia te gāue faigataʼa—ke ina akoʼi te lea Mandchou ia māhina e ono, ko te lea ʼe fakaʼaogaʼi ʼi te ʼu potu fenua ʼo Siaina. Neʼe ina kole age he tohi ʼe tuʼu ai te faʼufaʼu ʼo te lea (ko he tohi ʼo te grammaire), kae ko te meʼa pe ʼaē neʼe lava fakatoʼo age, neʼe ko he Evaselio ʼa Mateo pea mo te tikisionalio faka Mandchou ʼaki tona fakaliliu faka Fakafalani. ʼI te ʼosi ʼo vāhaʼa e 19, neʼe faitohi ki Lonitoni ʼo ʼui maʼana, “Kua ʼau poto lelei ʼi te palalau Faka Mandchou ʼaki te tokoni ʼa te ʼAtua.” Neʼe maʼuhiga te meʼa ʼaē neʼe ina lava fai koteʼuhi ʼi te lakaga ʼaia ʼe ʼui neʼe ina fakatonutonuʼi ai te tohi ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Luka ʼi te Faka Nahuatl, ʼe kau ki te ʼu lea ʼe palalauʼi ʼi Mekesike.
Te Tohi-Tapu ʼi Te Lea Faka Mandchou
ʼI te ʼu taʼu 1600, ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe kamata ʼasi ai te faitohi ʼi te faka Mandchou, ʼo ina fakaʼaogaʼi te faʼahiga faitohi neʼe toʼo mai te mataʼi tohi ʼo te lea faka ouïgour, neʼe liliu ai te lea ʼaia ko te lea ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi ʼi te puleʼaga Siaina. Logope te faka haʼu ke puli te lea ʼaia, kae neʼe loto e Te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu Pilitania Pea Mo Matāpule ke tā pea ke tufa te ʼu Tohi-Tapu faka Mandchou. ʼI te taʼu 1822 neʼe nātou totogi ke tā te ʼu tohi e 550 ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Mateo ʼaē neʼe fakaliliu e Stepan V. Lipoftsoff. Neʼe kau ki te Pilō Lusia pea neʼe nofo ʼi Siaina lolotoga taʼu e 20. Neʼe tā te Evaselio ʼaia ʼi St. Pétersbourg, kae neʼe mole lahi te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe tufa koteʼuhi neʼe hoko te lōfia ʼo lahi ai tona maumau.
Neʼe hoa atu kiai mo te fakaliliu ʼo te ʼu Koga Tohi-Tapu Faka Kilisitiano Faka Keleka. ʼI te taʼu 1834 ʼaki te maʼu ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼo te ʼu Koga Tohi-Tapu Faka Hepeleo neʼe tuputupu ai te fia lau ʼa te hahaʼi ia te Tohi-Tapu. Ko ai neʼe feala ke ina takitaki te toe vakaʼi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu faka Mandchou ʼaē kua maʼu pea mo fakakatoa tona fakaliliu? Neʼe fekauʼi e Te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu Pilitania Pea Mo Matāpule ia George Borrow ke ina fai te gāue ʼaia maʼa nātou.
ʼI Lusia
ʼI tana ʼosi tau ki St. Pétersbourg, neʼe toʼo e Borrow ia te temi loaloaga ke ina ako fakalelei ia te faka Mandchou, ke feala ai hana sivi pea mo tohi fakalelei te tohi faka Tohi-Tapu ke totonu. Logola neʼe ko he gāue kinakina pea neʼe gāue ʼo fakalaka ʼi te ʼu hola e 13 ʼi te ʼaho, ʼo tokoni ki te faʼu ʼo te ʼu mataʼi tohi ʼaē ka fakaʼaogaʼi ki Te Tauhi Foʼou, ʼaē neʼe lau ki muli mai ʼe “ko he tohi matalelei ʼaupito ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼo te potu fenua ʼaia.” Neʼe tā te ʼu tohi feiā e afe ʼi te taʼu 1835. Kae neʼe fakafihiʼi te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaē neʼe loto mamahi kiai ia Borrow ke ina ʼave ki Siaina pea mo tufa ai. Ko te puleʼaga Lusia, ʼi tana tuʼania naʼa faka ʼuhiga te tufa ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu faka Mandchou ʼi Siaina ohage ko he gāue faka misionea ʼe ina fakatupu kovi ki te felogoi lelei ʼo te ʼu fenua ʼaia e lua, neʼe mole ina fakagafua kia Borrow ke ʼalu ki Siaina mo kapau ʼe ina ʼave “he Tohi-Tapu faka Mandchou.”
Neʼe mole lahi te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe tufa lagi hili kiai teitei taʼu e hogofulu, pea ko te ʼu fakaliliu ʼo te ʼu Evaselio ʼa Mateo mo Maleko, ʼo tuʼu fakaʼatu ai ia te faka Mandchou pea mo te faka Siaina, neʼe hoki fai ʼi te taʼu 1859. Kae tokolahi te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe poto lautohi ʼi te faka Mandchou neʼe nātou fia fai age ki te faka Siaina, pea ʼaki te temi neʼe faka haʼu ke mole hoko te fakatuʼutuʼu ke fai he Tohi-Tapu katoa ʼi te faka Mandchou. ʼI tona fakahagatonu, neʼe fakaʼau ʼo pulinoa te lea faka Mandchou, kae neʼe ʼamanaki fetogi ʼaki te lea faka Siaina. Neʼe hoki hoko katoa te fetogi ʼaia ʼi te taʼu 1912 ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe liliu ai ia Siaina ko he lepupilika.
Te Péninsule Ibérique
ʼI tana toe logo mālohi ʼaki te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko kia ia, neʼe toe liliu ia George Borrow ki Lonitoni. Neʼe toe fakatotonu age kia ia ʼi te taʼu 1835 ke ʼalu ki Potukalia mo Sepania, ohage ko tana ʼui ki muli age “moʼo fakamoʼoni ki te kua tokalelei ʼo te ʼu ʼatamai ʼa te hahaʼi ke nātou maʼu te ʼu moʼoni ʼo te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano.” ʼI te temi ʼaia, ko te ʼu fenua ʼaia e lua neʼe mole heʼeki kaku kiai ia te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu Pilitania Pea Mo Matāpule, ʼuhi ko te mafola ʼo te ʼu maveuveu faka politike pea mo faka sosiale. Neʼe leleiʼia e Borrow tana palalau ki te Tohi-Tapu mo te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu kolo ʼi te tuʼa fenua ʼo Potukalia, kae ʼi he kiʼi temi siʼi, ko te mole tokaga ʼa te hahaʼi ki te ʼu meʼa faka lotu ʼaē neʼe tupu ai leva tana ʼalu ki Sepania.
Neʼe ʼi ai te faigataʼaʼia kehe ʼi Sepania, tāfito mo te hahaʼi Gitans ʼaē neʼe felogoi lelei leva mo Borrow, koteʼuhi neʼe kua poto ʼi tanatou lea. Mole faʼa fualoa ki tana tau ki te fenua, neʼe ina kamata fakaliliu te “Tauhi Foʼou” ki te lea faka Gitan ʼi Sepania. Ki te koga ʼo te gāue ʼaia, neʼe ina kole ki te ʼu fafine Gitannes e toko lua ke nā tokoni age kia ia. Neʼe ina lau age kia nāua ia te Tohi-Tapu faka Sepania pea ina kole age kia nāua ke nā fakaliliu age ki te lea faka Gitan. ʼAki tona fai ʼaia, neʼe ina lava akoʼi ai te faʼahiga fakaʼaogaʼi lelei ʼo ʼihi kupu faka Gitan. ʼAki te faiga ʼaia, neʼe tā ai te Evaselio ʼo Luka ʼi te fasiga taʼu māfana ʼo te taʼu 1838, pea ʼui fēnei ai e te ʼēpikopō: “ ʼE ina faka maliu anai ia Sepania katoa ki te lotu ʼaki te lea faka Gitan.”
Neʼe faka gafua age kia George Borrow ke ina maʼu “he tahi ʼe poto lelei ʼi te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ki te faka Basque.” Neʼe fakatoʼo te gāue ʼaia kia Oteiza, ko he tagata poto ʼaē neʼe ʼui fēnei e Borrow “neʼe faiva ʼi te lea ʼaia, ʼaē neʼe mole ʼau faʼa mālama kiai.” ʼI te taʼu 1838, neʼe liliu te Evaselio ʼo Luka ko te ʼuluaki tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe fakaliliu ki te lea Basque ʼi Sepania.
ʼI tana fia foaki te mālama ki te hahaʼi, neʼe tautau fai e Borrow te ʼu fagona loaloaga pea mo fakamatakutaku moʼo tufa te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ki te hahaʼi māsisiva ʼi te ʼu kolo ʼi te ʼu tuʼa fenua. Neʼe manatu ia ke ina faka ʼāteaina ia nātou mai te fakapōʼuli faka lotu pea mo te ʼu manatu fakamataku. ʼI tana fakahāhā ia te mole ʼi ai ʼo he ʼuhiga ʼo te totogi ʼo te ʼu ʼitulisesia, neʼe ina fakamatala fēnei age: “ ʼE feala koa ki te ʼAtua, ʼaē ʼe agalelei, ke lotolelei ki te fakatau ʼo te agahala?” Kae ko te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu, ʼi tana tuʼania ʼaē naʼa tapuʼi tanatou ʼu gāue ʼuhi ko te taʼi fakafihiʼi ʼaia ʼo te ʼu akonaki ʼaē kua tauʼaka, neʼe ina fakatotonu age kia ia ke tokaga tāfito ki te tufa ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu.
Neʼe tala gutu age kia Borrow ʼe fakagafua age ke ina tā he El Nuevo Testamento, ko he Tauhi Foʼou faka Sepania, kae mole tonu ke tuʼu ai te ʼu nota ʼo te ʼu akonaki Katolika. Neʼe fakagafua age logola ʼi te kamata neʼe fakafeagai ki ai te ʼuluaki minisi, ʼaē neʼe ina ʼui ko te fakaliliu Tohi-Tapu ʼaia ʼe ko he “tohi ʼe mole totonu” pea mo fakatupu tuʼutāmaki. Pea neʼe avahi e Borrow te tānakiʼaga tohi moʼo fakatau ʼo te Tauhi Foʼou faka Sepania ʼaia, pea neʼe tupu ai tona fakafihiʼi e te kau takitaki lotu pea mo te kau takitaki ʼo te fenua. Neʼe pilisoniʼi ai lolotoga ʼaho e 12. ʼI tana fakafihiʼi tona pilisoniʼi, neʼe kolekole age kia Borrow ke mavae kae ʼaua tana logoaʼa. ʼI tana ʼiloʼi lelei ko tona pilisoniʼi neʼe fakafeagai ki te lao, neʼe ina fakahā age te faʼifaʼitaki ʼo te ʼapositolo ko Paulo pea neʼe ina fakatotonu ai ke nofo ai ʼo aʼu ki tanatou fakalelei age kia ia, pea mo pulihi te melemeleʼi ʼaē kua pipiki ki tona higoa.—Gaue 16:37.
ʼI te temi ʼaē neʼe mavae ai tanatou tagata gāue faʼafai ko Borrow mai Sepania ʼi te taʼu 1840, neʼe lava fakamatala fēnei e te Sosiete ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu: “Teitei pe ko tohi e 14 000 ʼo te Tohi-Tapu kua tufa ʼi Sepania ia taʼu pe e nima.” ʼI tana tokoni lahi ki te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fakamatala e Borrow ko te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko kia ia ʼi Sepania ‘ko te ʼu taʼu fakafiafia ʼaupito ʼi tona maʼuli.’
Ko te tohi The Bible in Spain (Te Tohi-Tapu ʼi Sepania), neʼe ʼuluaki tā ʼi te taʼu 1842—pea ʼe kei tā pe nei—ʼe ko he fakamatala fakafiafia e George Borrow tana ʼu fagona pea mo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko kia ia. ʼI te tohi ʼaia, ʼaē neʼe liliu atu aipe ko he tohi neʼe lahi tona toʼo e te hahaʼi, neʼe ina fakahigoaʼi totonu pe ia ia ko he “tagata ʼe feʼaluʼaki maʼa te Evaselio.” Neʼe ina tohi fēnei: “Neʼe ʼau fakatuʼutuʼu ke ʼau ʼaʼahi pea mo ʼau fakalaka ʼi te ʼu moʼuga makaʼia pea mo tokakovi, pea mo palalau ki te hahaʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo Kilisito ʼo mulimuli ki taku faʼahiga fai.”
ʼO ʼuhiga mo te tufa pea mo te fakaliliu fakafiafia ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe kamata e George Borrow ia te gāue pea mo te pilivilesio maʼuhiga ke hoko atu e ʼihi.
[Paki ʼo te pasina 28]
Te ʼu ʼuluaki palalau ʼo te Evaselio ʼa Soane ʼi te lea faka Mandchou, neʼe tā ʼi te taʼu 1835, ʼo lau mai te faʼahi hema ki te faʼahi mataʼu ʼo aʼu ki lalo
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
From the book The Bible of Every Land, 1860
[Paki ʼo te pasina 29]
Ko te ʼu faiga ʼa George Borrow ke ina fakaliliu pea mo tufa te Tohi-Tapu neʼe fai mai (1) Pilitania ki (2) Lusia, mo (3) Potukalia, pea mo (4) Sepania
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 27]
From the book The Life of George Borrow by Clement K. Shorter, 1919