Unqulo—Kutheni Abantu Bengenamdla Kulo?
“UMNTU ongenalunqulo ufana nendlu engenazifestile.” Leyo yindlela indoda engumJapan eyavakalisa ngayo imfuneko yokhanyiselo lonqulo kunyana wayo, uMitsuo. Noko ke, uMitsuo akazange acinge nzulu ngamazwi kayise. Yaye inani elandayo labantu eJapan, njengakuyo nayiphi na enye indawo, libonakala livakalelwa ngendlela efanayo. Lanele ‘kukuba zizindlu ezingenazifestile’ lingenamdla wakuvumela ukhanyiso lonqulo lukhanyise ebomini balo.
Ngenxa yoko, xa iJapan yenza uHlolisiso Lomntu Ngamnye Lwesizwe, ama-69 ekhulwini abemi bayo athi awazigqali etyekele elunqulweni. Phakathi kwabantu abaselula, umlinganiselo wawude wangaphezulu. Ngokufanayo, kwilizwe laseThailand apho ubuBhuda babukhe balunqulo oluzondelelwayo, ama-75 ekhulwini abo bahlala kwimimandla kamasipala akasayi kwiitempile zobuBhuda. ENgilani phantse enye kwezisibhozo zeecawa zaseTshetshi ziye zavalwa ebudeni beminyaka engama-30 edluleyo ngenxa yokungasetyenziswa.
Noko ke, eJapan izihombo zonqulo zisabonakala kakhulu. Kodwa njengezitya zomdongwe ezinexabiso eliphakamileyo, zikhutshwa kuphela ngamathuba athile—njengakwimitshato nemingcwabo. Unqulo luxatyiswa ngakumbi ngendima yalo yokulondoloza inkqubo yasekuhlaleni nesithethe seentsapho ngaphezu kokhanyiselo lokomoya. Abaninzi balujonga unqulo kuphela njengentuthuzelo kwabo babuthathaka nakwabo basengxakini; bayasilela ukubona naziphi na ezinye iingenelo eziyinene ezizuzwa kulo. Abanye bathi, ‘Unqulo lulungile ukuba unalo ixesha lalo okanye ukuba uziva ulufuna, kodwa umele uzithembe ekuzixhaseni nasekuhlawuleni amatyala onawo.’
Uyintoni unobangela woku kungakhathali? Kunokunikelwa izizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, yimekobume yasekuhlaleni. Ulutsha oluninzi luye lwafumana uqeqesho olungokonqulo oluncinane okanye aluzange lulufumane. Akumangalisi ngoko ukuba oluninzi kolo luphila kwibutho elenza usukelo lwezinto eziphathekayo into ebalulekileyo lukhule luxabisa izinto eziphathekayo.
Kwamanye amazwe ihambo elihlazo yabashumayeli kumabonwakude ababawayo nabaziphethe kakubi neyezinye iinkokeli zonqulo ezidumileyo nayo iye yenza abantu balucezela unqulo, njengoko kuye kwenjenjalo ukuzibandakanya konqulo kwimicimbi yobupolitika nakwimigudu yemfazwe. Oku kubonakaliswa ngoko kwenzekayo mayela nonqulo lobuShinto eJapan. IEncyclopædia of the Japanese Religions iphawula oku: “Ekupheleni kwemfazwe [iMfazwe Yehlabathi II] ngoAgasti 1945 eyoyiswayo kuyo, iitempile ezincinane zobuShinto zajamelana namanqam aqatha.” UbuShinto, obabukhuthaza imfazwe nobathembisa uloyiso, babaphoxa abantu. Intandabulumko yokuba akukho Thixo okanye Buddha yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
Noko ke, ngaba sifanele ngokwenene saneliswe ziimbono zokuzingca nezingaphangalalanga—iimbono zale mihla? Inkoliso yabantu ifuna ukwazi. Ibingathanda ukwazi apho yayivela khona, apho iya khona, nesizathu sokuba iphila, nangendlela yokuphila. Iphumelela ngokuba nethemba. Ukuyibetha ngoyaba imibuzo engobomi, okanye ukuyicinezela ngengcamango yokuba “ezi zinto azaziwa,” akwanelisi. Nozibanga engakholelwa kuThixo uBertrand Russell wathetha ‘ngokuba nentlungu evuthayo yokufuna ukwazi—iphulo lokufuna okuthile okungaphezu koko ihlabathi likuquletheyo.’ Unqulo lokwenyaniso lunokukwenza kufumaneke oko kufunwayo kwelo phulo. Kodwa njani? Bubuphi ubungqina obukhoyo bokuba naluphi na unqulo lukufanele ukuba kucingwe nzulu kangako ngalo?