Ngaba Intiyo Iya Kuze Iphele?
UKUBA ukhe wabukela iindaba ezisasazwa kumabonwakude amathuba ambalwa, intiyo yinto oqheleneyo nayo. Intiyo sisizekabani sokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi okubangela izantyalantyala zegazi phantse mihla le kweli hlabathi. Ukusuka eBelfast ukuya eBosnia, ukusuka eYerusalem ukuya eRhawutini, abantu abamsulwa bayabulawa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo amaxhoba ahlaselwa ngabantu abangawaziyo. Mhlawumbi ekuphela “kwesono” sawo kukuba ‘angawelinye icala.’ Kwimpindezelo emasikizi, imbubhiso enjalo isenokuba kukuphindezelwa kobubi obenziwe ngaphambili okanye uhlobo oluthile ‘lokutshayelwa kohlanga.’ Sihlandlo ngasinye kuqhambuka ugonyamelo kuphembeka intiyo ekrakra phakathi kwamaqela athiyeneyo.
Le ntiyo yoyikisayo nengapheliyo ibonakala isanda. Kukho amadabi abantu abahlobeneyo phakathi kweentlanga, izizwe namaqela onqulo. Ngaba intiyo iya kuze ipheliswe? Ukuphendula oko, sifanele siqonde ukuba ibangelwa yintoni intiyo, ekubeni singazange sizalwe sinentiyo.
Ukuhlwayela Imbewu Yentiyo
UZlata Filipovic, intombazana eselula yaseBosnia eSarajevo, akakakufundi ukuba nentiyo. Kwincwadi yakhe yeziganeko zemihla ngemihla ubhala okuninzi ngogonyamelo lobuhlanga: “Ndihlala ndizibuza ukuba Kutheni? Siyintoni isizathu? Ngubani obekek’ ityala? Imibuzo yam ayinamphenduli. . . . Phakathi kwabahlobo bam ababhinqileyo, phakathi kwabahlobo bethu, kwintsapho yakowethu, kukho amaSerb namaCroat namaSilamsi. . . . Sinxulumana nabalungileyo, kungekhona ababi. Yaye phakathi kwabalungileyo kukho amaSerb namaCroat namaSilamsi, kanye njengokuba ekho kwanaphakathi kwababi.”
Kwelinye icala, abantu abakhulu abaninzi bacinga ngokwahlukileyo. Bakholelwa ukuba banezizathu ezininzi zokuba nentiyo. Kutheni?
Ukungabikho kokusesikweni. Mhlawumbi oyena mphembeleli uyintloko wentiyo kukungabikho kokusesikweni nengcinezelo. Njengokuba iBhayibhile isitsho, “ukucudisa [“ingcinezelo,” NW] kugezisa isilumko.” (INtshumayeli 7:7) Xa abantu bexhatshazwa okanye bephathwa ngenkohlakalo, kulula ukuba babathiye abo babacinezelayo. Yaye nangona kusenokuba akukho ngqiqweni, okanye “yimpambano,” ngokufuthi le ntiyo ijoliswa kwiqela labo bantu liphela.
Ngoxa ukungabikho kokusesikweni, kokwenene okanye okuthelekelelwayo, kusenokuba ngunobangela oyintloko wentiyo, ayikuko kodwa. Omnye unobangela wayo likhethe.
Ikhethe. Ngokufuthi ikhethe lizalwa kukungabi nalwazi ngabantu bohlanga okanye besizwe esithile. Ngenxa yokuva ngondiva, intiyo yesithethe, okanye ngenxa yokungavisisani nomntu omnye okanye ababini, bambi basenokuzityabeka kuhlanga okanye kwisizwe siphela ezo mpawu zimbi. Xa ikhethe limilile, linokubamfamekisa abantu bangayiboni inyaniso. Umbhali oliNgesi uCharles Caleb Colton wathi: “Abantu abathile sibathiya ngenxa yokuba singabazi; yaye asisayi kuze sibazi kuba sibathiyile.”
Kwelinye icala, abezobupolitika nababhali-mbali, basenokulikhuthaza ngabom ikhethe ngenxa yeenjongo zobupolitika okanye zobuzwe. UHitler wayengoyena mzekelo ubalaseleyo. UGeorg, owayesakuba lilungu lombutho woLutsha lukaHitler, uthi: “Okokuqala impembelelo yenkohliso yamaNazi yasifundisa ukuba sithiye amaYuda, emva koko amaRashiya, yaye emva koko zonke ‘iintshaba zolawulo lwaseJamani.’ Njengoko ndandikwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, ndandikukholelwa oko ndandikuxelelwa. Kamva, ndafumanisa ukuba ndandilahlekisiwe.” NjengakwiJamani yamaNazi nakwezinye iindawo, ikhethe lobuhlanga nelobuzwe liye laxhaswa kukuthanda ubuhlanga, omnye unobangela wentiyo.
Ukuthand’ izwe nobuhlanga. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Cultivation of Hatred, umbhali-mbali uPeter Gay uchaza okwenzekayo ekuqhambukeni kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala: “Kwidabi lokuthembeka ukuthand’ izwe kwakunkqenkqeza phambili. Ukuthand’ izwe nokuthiya iintshaba zalo kwangqineka kungoyena nobangela uyintloko wokunxanelwa imfazwe okwaveliswa yinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.” Umoya wokuthand’ izwe waseJamani wenza laziwa ngokubanzi igwijo lomkhosi ekwakusithiwa Hymn of Hate “[Yingoma Yentiyo].” UGay uthi, abaphembi bentiyo baseBritani nabaseFransi, bayila amabali okuba amajoni aseJamani ayedlwengula amabhinqa yaye ebulala iintsana. USiegfried Sassoon, ijoni eliliNgesi, uchaza umongo wenkohliso yasebudeni bemfazwe eBritani: “Kwakubonakala ngathi umntu wayedalelwe ukubulala amaJamani.”
Ngokufanayo nokuthand’ izwe, ukuphakanyiswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesizwe okanye kohlanga oluthile kunokuphemba intiyo nxamnye nezinye izizwe okanye iintlanga. Ubuhlanga buyaqhubeka buphemba ugonyamelo kumazwe amaninzi aseAfrika ngoxa iNtshona Yurophu noMntla Merika zisathwaxwa bubuzwe. Omnye unobangela wokungabikho kwemvisiswano osenokudityaniswa nobuhlanga lunqulo.
Unqulo. Inkoliso yezona mbambano kunzima ukuzicombulula ehlabathini isekelwe elunqulweni. EMntla Ireland, kuMbindi Mpuma nakwezinye iindawo, abantu bayathiywa ngenxa yonqulo lwabo. Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo, umbhali oliNgesi uJonathan Swift wathi: “Sineenkonzo ezaneleyo zokusenza sibe nentiyo, kodwa azanele ukusenza sithandane.”
Ngowe-1933, uHitler wathi kubhishophu waseOsnabrück: ‘Ngokuphathelele amaYuda, mna ndiqhubeka nje nokwaqalwa yiCawa yamaKatolika kwiminyaka eli-1 500 eyadlulayo.’ Inkoliso yeenkokeli zecawa zaseJamani azizange zikugxeke ukutshabalalisa kwakhe abantu. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi A History of Christianity, uPaul Johnson uthi “iCawa yayiwasika amaKatolika awayeyolela ukuba anqwenela ukutshiswa ekufeni kwawo, . . . kodwa yayingawaleli ukuba asebenze kwiinkampu zoxinaniso nezokubulawa kwabantu.”
Ezinye iinkokeli zonqulo ziye zenza okungaphezu kokuyibetha ngoyaba intiyo—ziye zayingcwalisa. Ngowe-1936, ekuqhambukeni kweMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseSpeyin, uPopu Pius XI wawagxeka amaRiphabliki ‘ngokuba nomoya wobusathana wokuthiya uThixo’—nangona kwakukho abefundisi bamaKatolika kwicala lamaRiphabliki. Ngokufanayo, uCardinal Gomá, owayengubhishophu omkhulu waseSpeyin ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya, wathi ‘uxolo alunakubakho ngaphandle komzabalazo wezigalo.’
Kubonakala ngathi intiyo yonqulo iya kuhlala ikho. Ngowe-1992 iphephancwadi elithi Human Rights Without Frontiers layigxeka indlela amagosa eCawa yobuOthodoki yamaGrike ayeyiphembelela ngayo intiyo nxamnye namaNgqina kaYehova. Phakathi kwemizekelo emininzi, labhekisela kwimeko yomfundisi wecawa yobuOthodoki yamaGrike owamangalela amaNgqina amabini aneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Sasiyintoni isimangalo? Wayewatyhola ‘ngokuzama ukumenza aguqule unqulo lwakhe.’
Imiphumo Yentiyo
Ehlabathini lonke, kuhlwayelwa yaye kunkcenkceshelwa imbewu yentiyo ngokungabikho kokusesikweni, ikhethe, ubuhlanga nangonqulo. Isiqhamo soko esingenakuphepheka ngumsindo, ukunxanelwa umlo, imfazwe nembubhiso. Amazwi eBhayibhile akweyoku-1 kaYohane 3:15 asinceda sibubone ubunzulu boku: “Lowo umthiyileyo umzalwana wakhe usisibulala-mntu.” Ngokuqinisekileyo, apho kukho intiyo, uxolo—ukuba lukho kwaukubakho—lusesichengeni.
UElie Wiesel, owafumana iBhaso likaNobel nowasinda ekuBulaweni Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo, ubhala oku: “Umsebenzi wosindileyo kukunikela ubungqina ngoko kwenzekayo . . . Kufuneka ulumkise abantu ukuba ezi zinto zinako ukwenzeka, ukuba sinokukhululeka kubungendawo. Intiyo yobuhlanga, ugonyamelo, ukukhonza izithixo—zisaqhubeka zisanda.” Imbali yenkulungwane yama-20 inikela ubungqina bokuba intiyo ayingomlilo oya kuzicimela ngokwawo.
Ngaba intiyo iya kuze iphele ezintliziyweni zabantu? Ngaba intiyo isoloko ibangela imbubhiso, okanye ngaba inalo icala elilungileyo? Makhe sibone.