‘Fundani Kum’
“Thabathani idyokhwe yam nize nifunde kum, kuba ndinomoya wobulali, ndithobekile ngentliziyo, kwaye niya kuyifumanela ukuhlaziyeka imiphefumlo yenu.”—MATEYU 11:29.
1. Kutheni ukufunda kuYesu kunokuba luyolo kuze kubuphucule ubomi bethu?
UYESU KRISTU wayesoloko ecinga, efundisa yaye esenza izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ixesha awaliphila emhlabeni lalilifutshane, kodwa wayesenza umsebenzi onomvuzo nowanelisayo yaye wahlala onwabile. Wahlanganisa abafundi waza wabafundisa indlela yokunqula uThixo, ukuthanda uluntu nokoyisa ihlabathi. (Yohane 16:33) Wazalisa iintliziyo zabo ngethemba “wabukhanyisa ubomi nokungonakali ngeendaba ezilungileyo.” (2 Timoti 1:10) Ukuba nawe ungomnye wabafundi bakhe, ucinga ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba ngumfundi? Ngokuqwalasela oko uYesu akuthethayo ngabafundi, sinokufunda indlela esinokubuphucula ngayo ubomi bethu. Oku kuquka ukwamkela iimbono zakhe nokusebenzisa eminye imigaqo esisiseko.—Mateyu 10:24, 25; Luka 14:26, 27; Yohane 8:31, 32; 13:35; 15:8.
2, 3. (a) Yintoni umfundi kaYesu? (b) Kutheni kubalulekile ukuzibuza ukuba, ‘Ndiye ndaba ngumfundi kabani?’
2 KwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike, igama eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umfundi” ngokusisiseko lithetha umntu omilisela ingqondo yakhe kokuthile, okanye umntu ofundayo. Igama elinxulumene nelo livela kwisibhalo sethu esiyintloko, uMateyu 11:29: “Thabathani idyokhwe yam nize nifunde kum, kuba ndinomoya wobulali, ndithobekile ngentliziyo, kwaye niya kuyifumanela ukuhlaziyeka imiphefumlo yenu.” Ewe, umfundi ngumntu ofundayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iincwadi zeVangeli zisebenzisa igama “umfundi” xa zibhekisela kubalandeli bakaYesu abasondeleyo, ababehamba kunye naye xa wayeshumayela nakwabo wabafundisayo. Mhlawumbi abanye abantu bazamkela iimfundiso zikaYesu, mhlawumbi bezamkela ngokufihlakeleyo. (Luka 6:17; Yohane 19:38) Ababhali beencwadi zeVangeli bathetha ‘nangabafundi bakaYohane umBhaptizi nabafundi babaFarisi.’ (Marko 2:18) Ekubeni uYesu walumkisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba “mabaphaphele . . . imfundiso yabaFarisi,” sinokuzibuza, ‘Ndiye ndaba ngumfundi kabani?’—Mateyu 16:12.
3 Ukuba singabafundi bakaYesu, ukuba siye safunda kuye, ngoko ke abanye bamele bazive behlaziyekile ngokomoya xa bephakathi kwethu. Bamele baqonde ukuba siye sanobulali ngakumbi yaye sathobeka ngentliziyo nangakumbi. Ukuba sinikwe imbopheleleko yokuphatha emsebenzini wethu wempangelo, singabazali okanye sinembopheleleko yokwalusa kwibandla lamaKristu, ngaba abo sibanyamekelayo bavakalelwa kukuba sibaphatha ngendlela uYesu awayebaphatha ngayo abo wayebanyamekela?
Indlela UYesu Awayebaphatha Ngayo Abantu
4, 5. (a) Kutheni kungenzima ukwazi indlela uYesu awayebaphatha ngayo abantu ababeneengxaki? (b) Yintoni eyenzekayo kuYesu xa wayesesidlweni kwikhaya lomFarisi?
4 Kufuneka sazi indlela uYesu awayebaphatha ngayo abantu, ngokukodwa abo babeneengxaki ezinzulu. Akufanele kube nzima ukukufunda oko; iBhayibhile iqulethe iingxelo ezininzi ezithetha ngendlela uYesu awayebaphatha ngayo abanye, bambi kubo ababexhwalekile. Masiphawule nendlela iinkokeli zonqulo, ingakumbi abaFarisi, ababebaphatha ngayo abantu ababeneengxaki ezifanayo. Ukuthelekisa ezi ndlela kuya kusivul’ amehlo.
5 Ngonyaka wama-31 C.E., ngoxa uYesu wayeshumayela eGalili, “omnye umFarisi wammemela esidlweni.” UYesu akazange abe mathidala ukusamkela eso simemo. “Ngako oko wangena endlwini yomFarisi lowo waza wangqendeva etafileni. Yaye, khangela! umfazi owayesaziwa esixekweni ukuba ungumoni waqonda ukuba wayengqendeve esidlweni endlwini yomFarisi, kwaye wazisa iqhaga lealabhasta elineoli yobulawu, yaye, waya ngemva ezinyaweni zakhe, walila waza wazifefa iinyawo zakhe ngeenyembezi zakhe, wazisula ngeenwele zentloko yakhe. Wazanga iinyawo zakhe waza wazithambisa ngeoli yobulawu.”—Luka 7:36-38.
6. Yintoni esenokuba yabangela umfazi ‘owayengumoni’ ukuba abe sekhayeni lomFarisi?
6 Ngaba unomfanekiso-ngqondweni woku? Enye incwadi eneembekiselo ithi: “Lo mfazi (indi. 37) waxhakamfula ithuba lokusebenzisa isiko lasekuhlaleni elalivumela abantu abasweleyo ukuya kwitheko elinjalo ukuze bafumane ukutya okuseleyo.” Oko kuchaza indlela umntu awayengena ngayo esidlweni nokuba akamenywanga. Kusenokuba bakho abanye ababenethemba lokufumana okuthile ekupheleni kwesidlo. Noko ke, le nto yenziwa ngulo mfazi yayingaqhelekanga. Akazange eme ecaleni, alinde ukuba isidlo siphele. Lo mfazi wayedume kakubi, ‘engumoni’ owaziwayo, kangangokuba uYesu wathi wayezazi ‘izono zakhe, ukuba zininzi.’—Luka 7:47.
7, 8. (a) Sasiya kusabela njani mhlawumbi kwiimeko ezifana nezi zichazwe kuLuka 7:36-38? (b) Wasabela njani uSimon?
7 Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho uphila kwixesha lamandulo yaye usesikhundleni sikaYesu. Ngewawusabele njani? Ngewawuzive ungakhululekanga xa lo mfazi esiza kuwe? Yayiya kukuchaphazela njani le meko? (Luka 7:45) Ngaba ngewawothukile?
8 Ukuba wawuphakathi kweendwendwe, ngaba ngandlel’ ithile wawuya kucinga njengoSimon umFarisi? ‘Akukubona oku umFarisi owayememe uYesu wathi ngaphakathi kuye: “Lo mntu, ukuba ebengumprofeti, ngesazi ukuba ngubani yaye luhlobo luni lomfazi alulo lo umchukumisayo, ukuba ungumoni.”’ (Luka 7:39) Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uYesu wayenemfesane kakhulu. Wayeyiqonda imeko yalo mfazi waza wambona ukuba usentlungwini. Asixelelwa ukuba wawela njani kobu bomi besono. Ukuba eneneni wayengunongogo, kuyabonakala ukuba amadoda edolophu, amaYuda azinikeleyo ayengazange amncede.
9. Wasabela njani uYesu, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba waba yintoni umphumo?
9 Kodwa uYesu wayefuna ukumnceda lo mfazi. Wathi kuye: “Zixolelwe izono zakho.” Wongezelela wathi: “Ukholo lwakho lukusindisile; hamba ngoxolo.” (Luka 7:48-50) Iphela apho ke le ngxelo. Wumbi usenokugxeka athi uYesu akazange amenzele nto ingako. Kuphela nje, wamsikelela waza wamndulula. Ngaba ucinga ukuba wabuyela kubomi awayebuphila obulusizi? Ngoxa singenakuqiniseka ngoku, phawula oko kuthethwa nguLuka emva koko. Ubalisa ukuba uYesu “wahambela kwizixeko ngezixeko nakwiidolophana ngeedolophana, eshumayela yaye evakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani.” ULuka unikela ingxelo yokuba ‘abafazi abathile’ babekunye noYesu nabafundi bakhe, ‘bebalungiselela ngempahla yabo.’ Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mfazi uguqukileyo nowayezele ngumbulelo ngoku wayephakathi kwabo, eqalisa ukuphila ngendlela ekholisa uThixo enesazela esicocekileyo, enenjongo nothando olunzulu ngakumbi ngoThixo.—Luka 8:1-3.
Umahluko Phakathi KukaYesu NabaFarisi
10. Kutheni kuyingenelo ukuqwalasela ingxelo ethetha ngoYesu nomfazi owayesendlwini kaSimon?
10 Yintoni esinokuyifunda kule ngxelo icacileyo? Siyachukumiseka, akunjalo na? Ukuba wawukwindlu kaSimon, wawuya kuvakalelwa njani? Ngaba wawuya kusabela ngendlela uYesu awasabela ngayo, okanye ngaba ngandlel’ ithile wawuya kuvakalelwa njengomFarisi awayemtyelele? UYesu wayenguNyana kaThixo, ngoko asinakuvakalelwa size senze izinto kanye ngendlela awayezenza ngayo. Kwelinye icala, asinakunqwenela ukufana noSimon, umFarisi. Bambalwa abantu abanokukuvuyela ukufana nabaFarisi.
11. Kutheni singenakufuna ukufaniswa nabaFarisi?
11 Ngokusekelwe kubungqina obufumaneka eBhayibhileni nakwiincwadi zehlabathi, sinokutsho sithi abaFarisi babezicingela ukuba babengabona bantu babenegalelo kwimpumelelo nakwintlalo-ntle yabanye abantu ngokubanzi. Babenganeliseki kukuba uMthetho kaThixo ucacile yaye uyaqondakala. Nanini na uMthetho ubonakala ungaphuhli, babezama ukufakela ingcaciso ethile ukuze abantu bangasebenzisi izazela zabo. Ezi nkokeli zonqulo zazizama ukuzenzela umthetho wokulawula ihambo yabantu kuzo zonke iinkalo, nakwizinto ezingenamsebenzi.a
12. Babezigqala njani abaFarisi?
12 Umbhali-mbali wenkulungwane yokuqala ongumYuda uJosephus ukwenza kucace ukuba abaFarisi babezigqala benobubele, benobulali, besenza izinto ngokusesikweni yaye bewufanelekela ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wabo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, bambi kubo phantse babenjalo. Mhlawumbi ucinga ngoNikodemo. (Yohane 3:1, 2; 7:50, 51) Ekuhambeni kwexesha, bambi kubo bayamkela indlela yobuKristu. (IZenzo 15:5) Umpostile uPawulos owayengumKristu wabhala oku ngamaYuda athile, njengokuba kwakunjalo nangabaFarisi: “Banenzondelelo kuThixo; kodwa kungekhona ngokolwazi oluchanileyo.” (Roma 10:2) Noko ke, iincwadi zeVangeli zithi abantu abaqhelekileyo babebagqala njengabantu—ababenekratshi, bezigwagwisa, bezenza amalungisa, behlab’ amadlala, bengabagxeki yaye bebajongela phantsi abanye abantu.
Imbono KaYesu
13. Wathini uYesu ngabaFarisi?
13 UYesu wabakhalimela ababhali nabaFarisi njengabahanahanisi. “Babopha imithwalo enzima baze bayibeke emagxeni abantu, kodwa bona ngokwabo abavumi kuyishukumisa ngomnwe wabo.” Ewe, umthwalo wawunzima, nedyokhwe eyayibekwe phezu kwabantu yayirhabaxa. UYesu wahlabela mgama wabiza ababhali nabaFarisi ngokuthi “Zidengendini.” Isidenge siyinkathazo phakathi koluntu. UYesu waphinda wabiza ababhali nabaFarisi ngokuthi ‘ngabakhokeli abaziimfama’ waza wathi ‘bagatya imibandela enzima ngakumbi yoMthetho, eyile, okusesikweni nenceba nokuthembeka.’ Ngubani obengathanda ukuba uYesu amgqale njengomFarisi?—Mateyu 23:1-4, 16, 17, 23.
14, 15. (a) Indlela uYesu awamphatha ngayo uMateyu owayengumLevi ibonisa ntoni ngeendlela zabaFarisi? (b) Ziziphi izifundo ezibalulekileyo esinokuzifunda kule ngxelo?
14 Phantse nawuphi na umntu ofunda iingxelo zeVangeli unokuyibona imeko emaxongo yenkoliso yabaFarisi. Emva kokuba uYesu ememe uMateyu ongumLevi, umbuthi werhafu, ukuba abe ngumfundi wakhe, uLevi wamenzela itheko elikhulu lolwamkelo. Ingxelo ithi: “Ngako oko abaFarisi nababhali babo bambombozela kubafundi bakhe, besithi: ‘Kutheni na nisidla nize nisele nabaqokeleli berhafu naboni?’ Ekuphenduleni uYesu wathi kubo: ‘. . . Ndize kubizela enguqukweni, kungekhona abantu abangamalungisa, kodwa aboni.’”—Luka 5:27-32.
15 ULevi waqonda nenye into eyathethwa nguYesu ngeso sihlandlo: “Hambani, ngoko, nize nifunde okuthethwa koku, ‘Ndifuna inceba, kungekhona umbingelelo.’” (Mateyu 9:13) Nangona abaFarisi babezibanga beyikholelwa imibhalo yabaprofeti abangamaHebhere, babengakwamkeli oko kubhalwe kuHoseya 6:6. Enoba benza isiphoso esithile, babeqiniseka ukuba ziphathelele ukuthobela izithethe. Ngamnye kuthi unokuzibuza, ‘Ngaba ndaziwa njengomntu obambelela ngokungqongqo kwimithetho ethile, njengaleyo ibonisa iingcamango zobuqu okanye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokucinga? Okanye ngaba abanye bandazi njengomntu ohlala ekulungele ukubonakalisa inceba nobubele?’
16. Yayinjani imeko yabaFarisi, yaye sinokukuphepha njani ukufana nabo?
16 Ukugxeka ngalo lonke ixesha. Babenjalo abaFarisi. AbaFarisi babekhangela zonke iziphoso—ezenziweyo okanye abacinga ukuba zenziwe. Abantu babesoloko belungele ukuzithethelela xa behlaselwa naxa bebakhumbuza ngeentsilelo zabo. Babeqhayisa ngokunikela ngemifuno enjengeelike, ityeleba idile nekumin. Babezibonakalisa njengabantu abahlonela uThixo ngendlela ababenxiba ngayo yaye babezama ukukhokela uhlanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuze izenzo zethu zivisisane nomzekelo kaYesu, simele siphephe ukuba notyekelo lokusoloko sikhangela yaye sibalaselisa iziphoso zabanye.
Wayezisingatha Njani Iingxaki UYesu?
17-19. (a) Chaza indlela uYesu awayisingatha ngayo imeko eyayinokubangela imiphumo enzulu kakhulu. (b) Yintoni eyabangela ukuba le meko ibangele uxinezeleko yaye ingabi myoli? (c) Ukuba wawulapho xa lo mfazi esiya kuYesu, wawuya kusabela njani?
17 Indlela uYesu awayezisingatha ngayo iingxaki yayahluke ngokupheleleyo kuleyo yabaFarisi. Phawula indlela uYesu awayisingatha ngayo imeko eyayinokuba nzulu kakhulu. Yayibandakanya umfazi owayenethombo legazi kangangeminyaka eli-12. Unokuzifundela le ngxelo kuLuka 8:42-48.
18 Ingxelo kaMarko ithi lo mfazi ‘wayothukile yaye engcangcazela.’ (Marko 5:33) Ngoba? Ngokungathandabuzekiyo kungenxa yokuba wayesazi ukuba wayaphule uMthetho kaThixo. Ngokutsho kwencwadi yeLevitikus 15:25-28, umfazi owayebhobhoza igazi ngokungaqhelekanga wayengahlambulukanga ebudeni balo lonke elo xesha, nakwiveki elandelayo. Yonke into awayeyibamba naye wonke umntu awayemchukumisa wayesiba ngongcolileyo. Ukuze aye kufika kuYesu, lo mfazi kwafuneka azame indlela yokudlula kwezo zihlwele zabantu. Xa sikhangele le ngxelo kwiminyaka engama-2 000 kamva, siyachukumiseka ngenxa yaloo meko ilusizi wayekuyo.
19 Ukuba wawulapho ngaloo mini, ngewawuyijonge njani loo meko? Ngewawutheni? Phawula ukuba uYesu wamphatha lo mfazi ngobubele, ngothando nangolwazelelelo, akazange azikhankanye nokuzikhankanya iingxaki awayesenokuzibangela.—Marko 5:34.
20. Ukuba iLevitikus 15:25-28 ibisebenza namhlanje, luluphi ucelomngeni ebesiya kujamelana nalo?
20 Ngaba ikho into esinokuyifunda kwesi siganeko? Masithi ungumdala ebandleni lobuKristu namhlanje. Yaye masithi iLevitikus 15:25-28 ibisebenza kumaKristu namhlanje yaye umfazi ongumKristu waphule loo mthetho, eziva enxunguphele yaye elahliwe. Ubuya kusabela njani? Ngaba ubuya kumhlazisa ngokumluleka esidlangalaleni? Mhlawumbi uthi, “O, bendingenakuyenza into enjalo! Bendiya kuxelisa umzekelo kaYesu, ndenze konke okusemandleni ukuze ndibonakalise ububele, uthando, inkathalo nolwazelelelo.” Kuhle kakhulu oko! Noko ke, ukuthetha asikokwenza, ukuxelisa umzekelo kaYesu akuyondlwan’ iyanetha.
21. UYesu wabafundisa ntoni abantu ngoMthetho?
21 Ngokusisiseko, abantu baziva behlaziyekile yaye bekhuthazekile ngenxa kaYesu. Xa uMthetho kaThixo ungqalile, wawusamkelwa njengoko unjalo. Xa ungathethi ngokuthe ngqo, babesebenzisa izazela zabo yaye babekwazi ukubonakalisa uthando lwabo ngoThixo ngendlela ababesenza ngayo izigqibo. UMthetho wawungabacinezeli abantu. (Marko 2:27, 28) UThixo wayebathanda abantu bakhe, ngalo lonke ixesha wayesenzela ukulungelwa kwabo, yaye wayekulungele ukubonakalisa inceba xa bebonakala bebuthathaka. Wayenjalo noYesu.—Yohane 14:9.
Umphumo Weemfundiso ZikaYesu
22. Ngenxa yoko bakufunda kuYesu, abafundi baba nasiphi isimo sengqondo?
22 Abo babephulaphula uYesu baza baba ngabafundi bakhe babebuqonda ubunyaniso bamazwi akhe athi: “Idyokhwe yam yeyobubele nomthwalo wam ukhaphukhaphu.” (Mateyu 11:30) Abazange bazive becinezelekile, behlaselwa okanye abenze bazive benetyala. Babekhululekile, bonwabile yaye beqiniseke ngakumbi ngolwalamano lwabo noThixo nangolwalamano lwabo omnye nomnye. (Mateyu 7:1-5; Luka 9:49, 50) Bafunda kuye ukuba ukuze ubani abe yinkokeli yokomoya umele abahlaziye abanye, abonakalise ukuthobeka kwengqondo nentliziyo.—1 Korinte 16:17, 18; Filipi 2:3.
23. Ukuba kunye noYesu kwabafundisa siphi isifundo esibalulekileyo abafundi bakhe yaye kwabanceda ukuba bafikelele kwiziphi izigqibo?
23 Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi babechukumiseke gqitha kukubaluleka kokuhlala bemanyene noKristu nokwamkela isimo sengqondo awayesibonisa. Wathi kubafundi bakhe: “Kanye njengoko uBawo endithandile nam ndinithandile, hlalani eluthandweni lwam. Ukuba niyayigcina imiyalelo yam, niya kuhlala eluthandweni lwam, kanye njengoko nam ndiyigcinile imiyalelo kaBawo ndaza ndahlala eluthandweni lwakhe.” (Yohane 15:9, 10) Ukuze babe ngabalungiseleli nezicaka zikaThixo eziphumelelayo, kwakufuneka bakusebenzise ngenkuthalo oko babekufunde kuYesu, ngokushumayela nokufundisa ekuhleni ngeendaba ezilungileyo zikaThixo nangendlela ababewaphatha ngayo amalungu entsapho nabahlobo. Njengoko abazalwana babesanda emabandleni, kwakuza kufuneka basoloko bezikhumbuza ukuba indlela yakhe yayiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Oko wayekufundisa kwakuyinyaniso, yaye indlela awayebuphila ngayo ubomi bakhe, ngokwenene ifanele ilandelwe.—Yohane 14:6; Efese 4:20, 21.
24. Ziziphi iinkalo zomzekelo kaYesu esifanele sinikele ingqalelo kuzo?
24 Njengoko uqwalasela ezinye zezinto esiye sazixubusha, ngaba uyazibona iindlela onokuphucula ngazo? Ngaba uyavuma ukuba uYesu wayesoloko ecinga, efundisa yaye esenza izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo? Ngoko ke, oku kufanele kusikhuthaze. Amazwi akhe asikhuthazayo athi: “Ukuba niyazazi ezi zinto, ninoyolo ukuba nithi nizenze.”—Yohane 13:17.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a “Umahluko osisiseko [phakathi kukaYesu nabaFarisi] ucaca xa kuthelekiswa indlela la maqela mabini ayemqonda ngokwahluke ngayo uThixo. Ngokwembono yabaFarisi, uThixo ngoyena mntu ufuna izinto ngenkani; ukanti ngokwembono kaYesu unenceba nemfesane. Kakade ke, umFarisi akakukhanyeli ukulunga nothando lukaThixo, kodwa ngokwembono yakhe oku kwabonakaliswa kwisipho seTora [uMthetho] nasekuzalisekiseni oko akufunayo apho. . . . AbaFarisi babekugqala ukubambelela kwizithethe ezingabhalwanga, nemithetho yazo yokucacisa oko kubhalwe emthethweni, njengendlela yokuzalisekisa oko kubhalwe kwiTora. . . . Ukuphakamisa kukaYesu umyalelo wothando ontlu-mbini (Mat. 22:34-40) njengendlela eyamkelekileyo yokucacisa oko kubhalwe apho nokuchasa kwakhe izithethe ezingqongqo ezingabhalwanga. . . kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukungqubana phakathi kwakhe nenkqubo yabaFarisi yokucacisa imibandela ephathelele unqulo.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.
Unokuphendula Njani?
• Kuthetha ukuthini kuwe ukuba ngumfundi kaYesu?
• UYesu wayebaphatha njani abantu?
• Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwindlela uYesu awayefundisa ngayo?
• Babahluke njani abaFarisi kuYesu?
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 18, 19]
Hayi indlela esasahluke ngayo isimo sengqondo sikaYesu ngabantu, kweso sabaFarisi!