Laef Afta Ded​—?Wanem Bilif Blong Plante Man?

“?Sipos wan man we i strong gud i ded, hem i save laef bakegen?”​—JOB 14:​14, NW.

1, 2. ?Long wanem rod plante man oli traem haremgud bakegen, taem wan we oli laekem hem tumas i ded?

LONG wan bigfala haos long Niu Yok, ol fren mo famle oli wokbaot sloslou nomo i go, blong pas klosap long wan bokis we bodi blong wan yangfala boe we i gat 17 yia nomo, i stap long hem. Sik ya kansa i kilim hem i ded. Mama blong boe ya i harem nogud tumas, wota blong ae blong hem i ron bigwan, mo hem i stap talem bakegen mo bakegen se: “Naoia, Tommy i hapi moa. God i wantem se Tommy i go stap wetem hem long heven.” Tijing we woman ya i harem plante taem finis, i mekem hem i bilif long samting ya.

² Long Jamnagar, India, klosap 11,000 kilometa longwe long Amerika, fasbon blong tri boe i laetem faea long wan hif wud blong bonem dedbodi blong papa blong olgeta. Antap long noes blong faea ya, i gat strong voes blong Braman we i stap talemaot wan prea long lanwis Sanskrit, we i se: “Bambae sol we i neva ded i gohed blong traehad blong joen wetem paoa ya we i antap olgeta.”

3. ?Wanem ol kwestin we man i tingbaot blong plante yia finis?

³ Taem yumi lukluk raon long yumi, yumi luksave se ded i kasem evri man. (Rom 5:​12) I stret nomo we man i wantem save sipos ded hemia en blong evri samting. Job, wan man blong Jeova God we i laef bifo, i tingbaot ol tri mo olsem wanem oli stap gru, nao hem i se: “Tri we man i katemdaon, samtaem stamba blong hem i no ded olgeta, i stap laef, mo i save gru bakegen.” Be, ?olsem wanem long ol man? Job i askem kwestin ya se: “?Sipos wan man we i strong gud i ded, hem i save laef bakegen?” (Job 14:​7, 14, NW) Long ol yia we oli pas, ol man long evri ples blong wol, oli tingbaot ol kwestin olsem: ?I gat laef afta ded? Sipos yes, ?laef ya i olsem wanem? ?Wanem bilif blong plante man long saed ya? ?Mo, from wanem oli bilif olsem?

Plante Ansa, Wan Stamba Tingting Nomo

4. ?Ol man blong ol defdefren skul oli bilif wanem long saed blong laef afta ded?

⁴ Plante man we oli talem se oli Kristin, oli bilif se, afta ded, man i save go long heven no long hel. Ol Hindu, oli bilif se afta we man i ded, hem i bon bakegen long wan narafala laef. Long skul blong Islam, ol man oli bilif se bambae i gat wan dei blong jajem man afta ded. Oli bilif se long taem ya, Ala bambae i skelem laef blong ol wanwan man, mo bambae i sanem olgeta oli go long paradaes no long helfaea. Long sam kantri, bilif long saed blong ol dedman i joen wetem ol narakaen kastom blong man mo tingting blong ol skul we oli talem se oli Kristin. Wan eksampel, long Sri Lanka, ol Budis mo Katolik tu oli openem olgeta doa mo windo blong haos blong olgeta taem wan famle i ded, mo oli putum bokis blong dedman long wan ples we leg blong hem i poen i go long bigfala doa blong haos. Oli bilif se samting ya bambae i givhan long spirit no sol blong dedman ya, blong goaot long haos. Plante Katolik mo Protestan long Wes Afrika, oli folem wan kastom taem man i ded. Oli kavremap ol glas blong lukluk fes blong olgeta, blong mekem se wan man i no save luk spirit blong dedman ya long ol glas ya. Nao, 40 dei biaen, ol famle mo fren oli mekem lafet blong makem se sol blong hem i go antap long heven.

5. ?Wanem stamba bilif we bighaf blong ol skul oli agri long hem?

⁵ Nating se ol kastom ya oli defdefren, be i luk olsem se klosap evri skul ya oli agri long wan stamba tingting nomo. Oli bilif se i gat wan samting insaed long man​—wan sol, wan spirit, no wan gos​—​we i no save ded samtaem, mo i stap gohed blong laef afta we man i ded. Klosap olgeta handred skul mo grup blong Krisendoma oli talem se oli bilif long sol we i no save ded samtaem. Hem i wan tijing blong skul blong ol man Jyu tu. Long skul blong Hindu, hem i stamba blong tijing ya se man i bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi afta ded. Ol Muslim oli bilif se sol i gohed blong laef afta we bodi i ded. Ol Aborijini blong Ostrelya, sam man Afrika, ol man Sinto, mo ol Budis tu, oli tokbaot sem samting nomo be long ol defren fasin.

6. ?Sam man blong hae save oli gat wanem tingting long saed blong sol we i no save ded samtaem?

⁶ Samfala oli gat tingting we i defren olgeta. Oli talem se taem man i ded, laef i finis olgeta. Long tingting blong olgeta, i no stret blong bilif se taem bodi blong man i ded, wan sol we i gat filing mo save, i aot long bodi ya mo i gohed blong laef. Long ol yia 19 handred, wan man Spen we i gat hae save, nem blong hem Miguel de Unamuno, i raetem se: “Man we i bilif se sol i no save ded, hem i wantem se sol i no save ded. Be from we hem i wantem tumas blong bilif long samting ya, mekem se hem i bitim mak nao i no moa tingting stret.” Sam narafala we oli no wantem bilif se sol i no save ded, hemia tufala waes man ya blong bifo we plante man oli save tufala, Aristotle mo Epicurus. Mo tu, i gat dokta ya Hippocrates, wetem wan waes man blong Skotlan, David Hume. I gat wan man Arab we i gat hae save, nem blong hem Averroës, mo faswan praem minista blong India afta we kantri ya i kasem independens, Jawaharlal Nehru.

7. ?Wanem ol impoten kwestin we oli kamaot long saed blong tijing ya se sol i no save ded samtaem, we naoia bambae yumi tokbaot?

⁷ Taem yumi harem ol defdefren kaen tingting mo bilif ya, maet i gud blong askem se: ?Yumi rili gat wan sol we i no save ded samtaem? Sipos i tru we sol i save ded, ?olsem wanem giaman tijing long saed ya i kam wan stamba tijing blong bighaf blong ol skul tede? ?Tingting ya i kamaot weples fastaem? I impoten tumas blong kasem trufala ansa long ol kwestin ya from we fiuja blong yumi i dipen long hem. (1 Korin 15:19) Be, fastaem, ating i gud blong luk olsem wanem tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded, i stat.

Stamba Blong Tijing Ya

8. ?Olsem wanem Socrates mo Plato tufala i mekem tingting ya se sol i no save ded samtaem, i kam antap moa?

⁸ Tu waesman blong Gris, long ol yia fo handred B.K.T.,b Socrates mo Plato, oli tufala faswan man blong talemaot tijing ya se sol i no save ded. Be tufala i no stamba blong tijing ya. Tufala ya i mekem tingting ya i kam antap moa, mo mekem i kam wan tijing blong ol waesman. Long rod ya, tufala i pulum plante moa man we oli gat save, long taem blong tufala mo biaen, blong oli laekem tijing ya. I klia se tufala i no stamba blong tijing ya, from we ol Sorastrin blong Pesia, mo ol man Ijip bifo long olgeta ya, oli bilif tu se sol i no save ded samtaem. Taswe, kwestin i stap nao se, ?Wanem stamba blong tijing ya?

9. ?Wanem wan samting we i gat paoa long ol olfala kastom blong Ijip, Pesia, mo Gris?

⁹ Buk ya The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, i talem se: “Long taem bifo, skul blong Babilon i gat paoa long ol man Ijip, Pesia, mo Gris.” Buk ya i gohed mo i tokbaot ol bilif blong skul blong Ijip, i se: “Ol olfala ston ya El-Amarna we oli gat ol hanraet blong bifo long olgeta, oli soemaot se ol man Ijip mo ol man Babilon oli bin joen plante. From samting ya, ol man Babilon oli gat plante jans blong joenem ol tingting mo kastom blong olgeta wetem wosip blong ol man Ijip.”c Semkaen samting i hapen long kastom blong ol man Pesia mo Gris bifo.

10. ?Wanem tingting blong ol man Babilon long saed blong laef afta ded?

¹⁰ Be, ?ol man Babilon bifo, oli bilif long sol we i no save ded samtaem? Long saed ya, Morris Jastrow, Jr., wan tija long Yunivesiti blong Pennsylvania, Yunaeted Stet, i raetem se: “Ol man mo ol lida blong skul [blong Babilon] oli neva tingbaot se laef i save lus olgeta. [Long tingting blong olgeta], ded hem i rod blong pas i go long wan narafala laef nomo. From we oli mas ded [long laef naoia] samting ya i mekem tingting blong olgeta i strong moa long bilif ya se ded hem i rod ya nomo blong go long wan narafala laef.” Yes, ol man Babilon tu oli bilif se long wan fasin, no long wan kaen bodi, laef i gohed afta ded. Oli soemaot bilif ya taem oli berem sam samting wetem ol dedman, blong oli save yusum long laef blong olgeta biaen.

11, 12. Afta we Bigfala Wota i ron, ?wanem stamba ples blong tijing ya se sol i no save ded samtaem?

¹¹ I klia se, tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded samtaem, i gobak kasem taem blong Babilon bifo. ?Be, hemia i impoten? Yes, from we Baebol i tokbaot taon ya Babel, no Babilon, we Nimrod i bildim. Nimrod i wan smol bubu blong Noa. Afta we Bigfala Wota i ron long taem blong Noa, olgeta man oli gat wan lanwis mo wan skul nomo. Nimrod i wan man we i stap ‘agensem Jeova,’ mo hem wetem ol man blong hem oli wantem “mekem nem blong [olgeta] i go antap.” Taswe, taem Nimrod i stanemap taon ya Babel mo i bildim wan bigfala haos we i hae tumas, hem i statem wan narafala skul.​—Jenesis 10:​1, 6, 8-​10; 11:​1-4.

¹² Ol kastom stori oli talem se wan man i kilim Nimrod i ded. Afta we hem i ded, i sua se ol man Babilon oli tinghae long hem olsem man ya we i bin wokem mo stanemap taon blong olgeta, mo hem i faswan king blong taon ya. From we plante man oli talem se god ya Marduk (Merodak) i wokem Babilon, taswe sam man blong hae save oli ting se Marduk hem i Nimrod we oli mekem hem i kam wan god. (2 King 25:27; Aesea 39:1; Jeremaea 50:2) Sipos samting ya i tru, ale tingting ya se sol i no save ded samtaem, i stap finis taem Nimrod i ded, no maet bifo long taem ya. Nating se i olsem wanem, histri i soemaot se afta we Bigfala Wota i ron, faswan ples we tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded i stat long hem, hemia Babel, no Babilon.

13. ?Olsem wanem tijing blong sol we i no save ded, i kasem olgeta ples blong wol, mo wanem i kamaot from?

¹³ Baebol i soemaot se God i spolem wok blong bildim bigfala haos ya we i hae tumas long Babel, taem hem i mekem lanwis blong ol man i fasfas. From we ol man oli no moa save toktok tugeta, oli no moa finisim wok ya, mo oli “go stap olbaot long evri ples long wol.” (Jenesis 11:​5-9) Be, yumi mas tingbaot se, nating sipos lanwis blong ol man we oli wokem bigfala haos ya, i jenis, ol tingting mo bilif blong olgeta i stap sem mak nomo. Ale, long wanem ples we olgeta ya oli go long hem, oli karem bilif blong skul blong olgeta i go wetem olgeta. Long rod ya, ol tijing blong skul blong Babilon​—wetem tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded samtaem​—i kavremap olgeta ples blong wol mo i kam insaed long plante mama skul blong wol. Olgeta giaman skul blong wol oli stat long taem ya, mo Baebol i singaot olgeta se ‘Bigfala Babilon, we i mama blong olgeta woman blong rod, mo i stamba blong olgeta fasin we i nogud olgeta.’​—Revelesen 17:5.

Ol Giaman Skul Oli Go Kasem Is

14. ?Olsem wanem ol bilif blong skul blong Babilon oli kasem ol eria blong India?

¹⁴ Sam man we oli stadi long histri, oli talem se bitim 3,500 yia bifo, plante man oli aot long kantri blong olgeta long not wes oli kamdaon long Indus Vali. Ol man ya, we oli laet skin, oli karem nem ya se ol Arian, naoia bighaf blong ol man ya oli stap long kantri blong Pakistan mo India. Long ples ya, oli stat kam plante gogo oli kavremap ol flat ples blong Ganges Reva i go kasem narasaed blong hem, long India. Sam man blong hae save oli talem se ol tingting blong skul, we ol man ya oli karem i kam, i stanap long ol olfala tijing blong Iran mo Babilon. Ale, ol tingting ya oli kam olsem stamba blong skul ya Hindu.

15. ?Olsem wanem tingting ya blong sol we i no save ded, i kam insaed long skul blong Hindu tede?

¹⁵ Long India, tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded, i kam bilif ya se man i save bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi. Ol waesman blong Hindu oli stap traehad blong save rod blong stretem ol rabis fasin mo fasin blong safa we i fulap long wol ya. Ale, oli statem samting we oli kolem loa blong Kama, hemia wan loa we i talem se evri aksin we man i mekem bambae i gat frut blong hem biaen. Taem oli joenem loa ya i go wetem bilif blong sol we i no save ded, oli mekemap tijing ya se taem man i ded, hem i bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi. Nao, long narafala laef ya, bambae hem i kasem blesing from ol gudfala samting we hem i bin mekem long laef blong hem bifo, no bambae hem i panis from ol nogud samting we hem i bin mekem. Ol man we oli folem bilif ya, oli gat wan mak nomo we oli wantem kasem, hemia moksha, we i minim se oli kamfri long fasin ya we oli stap pas i go long ol defren laef afta ded, mo oli kam wan wetem paoa ya we i antap olgeta, we oli kolem Nirvana. Long ol handred yia we oli pas, skul blong ol man Hindu i go kasem plante moa ples, mekem se tijing ya se man i bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi i go kasem plante ples tu. Mo tijing ya i kam olsem stamba blong skul blong Hindu tede.

16. ?Wanem bilif long saed blong laef afta ded, i kam antap long tingting mo kastom blong bighaf blong ol man long Is Esia?

¹⁶ Sam narafala skul oli kamaot long skul blong Hindu. Long olgeta ya i gat ol Budis, Jain, mo Sik. Ol skul ya tu, oli bilif se afta ded, man i save bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi. Mo tu, taem skul blong Budis i kavremap plante ples long Is Esia​—olsem Jaena, Korea, Japan, mo narafala ples bakegen​—hem i gat bigfala paoa long ol kastom mo skul blong olgeta ples ya. Frut blong samting ya i mekem se plante narafala skul oli girap we ol bilif blong olgeta oli meksemap sam tijing blong skul ya Budis, wetem ol wok blong spirit, mo fasin blong wosip long ol olfala bubu we oli ded finis. Long olgeta ya i gat skul blong Tao, Konfyusas, mo Sinto. Long rod ya, bilif ya se laef i gohed afta we bodi i ded, i gat bigfala paoa antap long tingting mo fasin blong skul blong ol man we oli laef long ol kantri ya blong wol.

?Olsem Wanem Long Saed Blong Skul Blong Ol Man Jiu, Krisendom, Mo Islam?

17. ?Ol man Jiu bifo, oli gat wanem bilif long saed blong laef afta ded?

¹⁷ ?Wanem bilif blong ol man we oli folem ol skul blong Jiu, Krisendom, mo Islam, long saed blong laef afta ded? Long ol skul ya ating skul blong ol man Jiu i olfala moa. Stamba blong hem i stat 4,000 yia finis, long taem blong Ebraham​—bifo we Socrates mo Plato oli stat leftemap tingting ya se sol i no save ded samtaem. Ol man Jiu bifo, oli bilif se taem man i ded, bambae hem i save laef bakegen long ded. Oli no bilif se man i gat wan samting insaed long bodi blong hem we i no save ded samtaem. (Matiu 22:31, 32; Hibrus 11:19) Taswe, ?olsem wanem tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded i kam insaed long skul blong ol man Jiu? Ol samting we oli hapen bifo oli ansarem kwestin ya.

18, 19. ?Olsem wanem tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded samtaem, i kam insaed long skul blong ol man Jiu?

¹⁸ Long 332 B.K.T., Bigfala Aleksanda i winim olgeta kantri blong Medel Is, wetem Jerusalem tu. Ol rula we oli kam biaen long Aleksanda, oli gohed blong mekem kastom blong ol man Gris i joen tugeta wetem skul blong ol man Jiu. Ale, biaen, ol man Jiu oli stat kasem plante tingting blong ol man Gris, mo sam long olgeta oli kam ol man we oli savegud waes blong ol man Gris.

¹⁹ Philo blong Aleksandria, i wan man Jiu we i kam wan waes man long faswan handred yia K.T. Hem i tinghae tumas long Plato, mo i traem yusum ol waes blong Gris blong eksplenem bilif blong ol man Jiu. Taem hem i mekem olsem, hem i wokem rod blong sam narafala man Jiu we olgeta tu oli tingting dip long ol hae save. Tingting blong ol man Gris i gat bigfala paoa tu long buk ya Talmud​—hemia ol toktok we ol rabae oli raetem long saed blong olgeta loa we ol man oli pasem tru long toktok nomo. Encyclopaedia Judaica i talem se: “Ol tija blong Talmud oli bilif se sol i gohed blong laef afta ded.” Biaen, i gat wan narafala buk blong ol man Jiu we mining blong plante tok blong hem i no klia, hemia Kabala. Hem i tijim se dedman i save bon bakegen long wan narafala bodi. Taswe, tijing long saed blong sol we i no save ded samtaem, i kam insaed long skul blong ol man Jiu tru long waes blong ol man Gris. ?Olsem wanem tijing ya i kam insaed long ol skul blong Krisendom?

20, 21. (a) ?Wanem posisen blong ol faswan Kristin long saed blong waes blong Plato mo ol man Gris? (b) ?Wanem i pulum sam man blong joenem ol tingting blong Plato wetem ol Kristin tijing?

²⁰ Jisas Kraes i statem trufala Kristin skul. Long saed blong Jisas, Miguel de Unamuno, we narafala tok blong hem i stap finis long stadi ya, i raetem se: “Olsem ol man Jiu, Jisas i bilif se bodi bambae i laef bakegen long ded. Hem i no folem tingting blong Plato [Gris] se sol i no save ded.” Man ya i talem tu se: “Sol we i no save ded samtaem . . . i wan tijing blong ol hiten waes man.” Taswe, yumi luksave from wanem aposol Pol i talem strong long ol Kristin blong faswan handred yia se: “Yufala i mas lukaot gud blong bambae i no gat ol man oli kam fasem yufala long rabis tok ya we i folem waes blong man. Ol tok ya i blong giaman nomo, i stap kamaot long ol devel we oli stap olbaot long wol ya fastaem, i no kamaot long Kraes.”​—Kolosi 2:8.

²¹ ?Wetaem mo olsem wanem ‘tijing ya blong ol hiten waes man’ i joen wetem Kristin skul? The New Encyclopædia Britannica i eksplenem se: “Stat samwe long 150 K.T., ol Kristin we oli bin kasem waes blong ol man Gris, oli harem se oli mas yusum ol waes tok ya blong talemaot bilif blong olgeta. Hemia blong mekem se oli haremgud blong soemaot save blong olgeta, mo tu, blong traem jenisim bilif blong sam hiten man we oli skulgud. Waes we i stret moa long tingting blong olgeta, hemia waes blong Plato.” I gat tu waes man blong bifo we tufala i gat bigfala paoa long ol tijing blong Krisendom. Wan, hemia Origen blong Aleksandria, mo narawan, hemia Augustine blong Hipo. Ol tingting blong Plato oli gat bigfala paoa long tufala man ya mo tufala tugeta i traem joenem ol tingting ya wetem ol Kristin tijing.

22. ?Olsem wanem tijing blong sol we i no save ded i stap wan impoten tijing long skul blong Islam?

²² I tru se, Plato nao i givim tingting ya se sol i no save ded samtaem, long ol skul blong ol man Jiu mo ol skul blong Krisendom. Be long saed blong skul blong Islam, tingting ya i stap finis taem skul ya i stat. Koran, tabu buk blong ol man Islam, i tijim se man i gat wan sol we i go laef samples afta ded. Buk ya i talem se laswan ples we sol bambae i go long hem, hemia laef long paradaes long heven no panis long helfaea. Hemia i no min se ol man Arab we oli gat hae save oli no bin traem blong joenem ol tijing blong Islam wetem waes blong Gris. Buk blong Aristotle i gat sam paoa long ol man Arab. Nating se i olsem, ol man Islam, we oli kolem olgeta ol Muslim, oli bilif yet se sol i no save ded samtaem.

23. ?Wanem impoten kwestin long saed blong laef afta ded, we bambae yumi tokbaot long nekis stadi?

²³ I klia se, ol skul raonabaot long wol oli tijim ol defdefren kaen bilif long saed blong laef afta ded. Be, olgeta tijing ya evriwan oli stanap long bilif ya se sol i no save ded samtaem. Mo, ol bilif ya oli gat paoa long man, yes, oli bos long laef blong plante bilyan man. Taem yumi harem olgeta samting ya, ating yumi wantem tumas blong askem se: ?I gat rod blong save trutok long saed blong wanem we i hapen taem man i ded? ?I gat laef afta ded? ?Baebol i talem wanem long saed ya? Bambae yumi tokbaot samting ya long nekis stadi.

[Ol futnot]

?Yu Save Eksplenem?

◻ ?Wanem wan stamba tijing long saed blong laef afta ded, we bighaf blong ol skul oli bilif long hem?

◻ ?Olsem wanem histri mo Baebol, tufala tugeta oli soemaot se Babilon blong bifo, hem nao i stamba blong tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded?

◻ ?Olsem wanem bilif ya blong sol we i no save ded, we i kamaot long Babilon, i kam insaed long ol skul blong Is?

◻ ?Olsem wanem tijing ya blong sol we i no save ded, i kam insaed long skul blong ol man Jiu, Krisendom, mo Islam?

[Tok Blong Pija Long Pej 12, 13]

Ol faet we Bigfala Aleksanda i mekem blong winim plante ples, oli mekem kastom blong Gris i joen wetem hemia blong ol man Jiu

Augustine i traem joenem waes blong Plato wetem Kristin skul

[Credit Lines]

Alexander: Musei Capitolini, Roma; Augustine: From the book Great Men and Famous Women