Mfumu wa lutambishi udi ujimija Ampire

MUPROFETE Danyele wakafunda ne: ‘Mukalenge Beleshazare wakalambishila milopo yende tshinunu bidia bia disanka bia bungi, wakanua mvinyo kumpala kua bantu aba tshinunu.’ Kadi pavuabu munkatshi mua didia, ‘mpala wa mukalenge wakandamuka, ne mutshima wende wakapampakana ne buôwa. Manungu a bidimba biende akapauka, binu biende biakatutakana.’ Bangabanga ne butuku kutshiabu, ‘Beleshazare, mukalenge wa bena Kasada, wakashipibua. Dayawesha [Darius], muena Madai [Mède] wakadia bukalenge.’​—Danyele 5:1, 6, 30, 31.

Beleshazare uvua nganyi? Mmunyi muvuabu bafike ku dimubikila ne: ‘mukalenge wa bena Kasada’? Mmuanzu kayi uvuaye nawu menemene mu Ampire mupiamupia wa bena Babilone? Mmunyi muakajimijaye ampire eu?

Uvua ukokesha pamue ne mfumu anyi uvua Mukalenge?

Danyele udi wakula bua Nebukadnezare bu tatuende wa Beleshazare. (Danyele 5:2, 11, 18, 22) Kadi malanda aa ki nga kumvua anu mudiwu emu to. Mukanda kampanda (Nabonidus and Belshazzar) mufunda kudi Raymond P. Dougherty, udi uleja ne: pamu’apa Nebukadnezare uvua kakuende wa ku luseke lua mamuende Nitocris. Bidi mua kuikala kabidi se: bu muvuaye muntu uvua mudianjile mu bukalenge, Nebukadnezare uvua patupu ‘tatuende’ wa Beleshazare bua pa bidi bitangila disomba mu nkuasa wa bumfumu. (Fuanyikija ne Genese 28:10, 13.) Mu mishindu yonso, mifundu ya maleta mafuane misonso (cunéiforme) mifunda pa mbungu mivule ya dima misokolola ku Sud kua ditunga dia Irak mu siekele wa 19 idi ileja Beleshazare bu muanabute wa Nabonide mukalenge wa Babilone.

Bu mudi muyuki wa mu Danyele nshapita 5 mushindamene pa malu akenzeka mu 539 K.B.B., butuku buakakuluka Babilone, kawena ulonda muvua Beleshazare mufike ku dipeta bukokeshi bu mukalenge to. Kadi mikanda idi yakula bua bintu bia kale bikalula idi ifila lungenyi pa malanda avua pankatshi pa Nabonide ne Beleshazare. Alan Millard, mushikuluji wa bintu bia kale bikalula ne munene mu malu a miakulu ya kale ya ba-Semite udi wamba ne: “Mifundu ya bena Babilone idi isokolola ne: Nabonide uvua ukokeshila pa mpenga.” Millard udi usakidila ne: “Nansha muvuaye kayi mulengulule nzambi ya mu Babilone, . . . wakatamba kutabalela nzambi ngondo mu bimenga bikuabu bibidi, Ur ne Harane. Munkatshi mua bidimu bivule bia bukokeshi buende, Nabonide kavua nansha musombele mu Babilone to; kadi uvua musombele mu tshitupa tshia kule tshia Teima [anyi Tema] ku Nord kua Arabie.” Kakuyi mpata Nabonide wakenza matuku a bungi ukokeshila pambelu pa tshimenga tshikulu tshia Babilone. Mu matuku avuaye kayipu, bakapesha Beleshazare bukokeshi bua kulombola midimu.

Mu diumvuija muanzu mulelela uvua nawu Beleshazare, mukanda kampanda wa mfundilu wa maleta mafuane misonso udibu babikila ne: “Kasala ka muyuki wa Nabonide” udi wamba ne: “[Nabonide] wakafila ‘biluilu’ kudi muanende (wa balume) mukulumpe, muanabute, miaba yonso mu ditunga wakateka biluilu ku (bulombodi) buende. Wakamulekela (bintu bionso), [wakamupa] bumfumu.” Nenku Beleshazare uvua ukokesha pamue ne mfumu.

Kadi badi mua kuangata muntu udi ukokesha pamue ne mfumu bu mukalenge anyi? Lupingu kampanda lua mukokeshi wa kale lusangana ku Nord kua ditunga dia Syrie mu bidimu bia 1970 ludi luleja ne: bivua bimanyike bua se: bavua bushuwa babikila mukokeshi bu mukalenge nansha muikale mu diamba bimpe ne muanzu mukese. Lupingu elu luvua lua mukokeshi wa mu Gozana ne bavua bafundapu mu tshiena-Assyrie ne tshiena-Araméen. Mifundu ya tshiena-Assyrie ivua ibikila muntu eu ne: ngovena wa mu Gozana, kadi mifundu ya muomumue ya tshiena-Araméen ivua imubikila ne: mukalenge. Nenku kabivua bualu buenyi bua kubikilabu Beleshazare bu mupianyi wa nkuasa mu mifundu mimanyike ya bena Babilone, eku bamubikila bu mukalenge mu mifundu ya Danyele ya tshiena-Araméen to.

Ndongoluelu eu wa bukokeshi busangila pankatshi pa Nabonide ne Beleshazare wakatungunuka too ne mu matuku a ndekelu a Ampire mupiamupia wa bena Babilone. Nenku buine butuku buakakuluka Babilone abu, Beleshazare wakalomba bua bateke Danyele bu mukokeshi muisatu mu bukalenge, ki mmuibidi to.​—Danyele 5:16.

Mfumu mudieyemenyi ne muditambishi

Malu a ndekelu a bukokeshi bua Beleshazare adi aleja ne: mukalenge eu uvua mudieyemenyi ne muditambishi. Pakajika bukokeshi buende mu dia 5 Kasuamansense 539 K.B.B., Nabonide uvua mubutame mu tshimenga tshia Borsippa, bamane kumutshimuna kudi biluilu bia bena Mède ne bena Perse. Babilone muine uvua mujingila. Kadi Beleshazare uvua mudimone mutambe kuikala mu bukubi mu tshimenga tshinyungulula ne bimanu bia mupimbu mu mushindu wa se: buine butuku abu, ‘wakalambishila milopo yende tshinunu bidia bia disanka bia bungi.’ Hérodote, mushikuluji wa malu a kale muena Greke wa mu siekele muitanu K.B.B. udi wamba ne: munda mua tshimenga, bantu “bavua baja ne basanka dine dîba adi.”

Kadi pambelu pa bimanu bia Babilone, tshiluilu tshia bena Mède ne bena Perse tshivua tshidimuke. Ku bulombodi bua Sirise, bakatshingulula mâyi a Musulu wa Efrate, uvua upuekela munkatshi mua tshimenga. Bena mvita bende bavua badiakaje bua kusabuka diakamue pavua mâyi akepela bikole. Bavua ne bua kubanda kakunakuna ne kubuela mu tshimenga ku biibi biunzulula bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ku tshimanu tshia ku muelelu wa musulu.

Bu Beleshazare mumanye bivua bipitakana pambelu pa tshimenga, uvua mua kuikala mukange biibi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku, mubandishe bantu bende ba bukole pa bimanu bia ku mielelu ya musulu ne mukuate baluishi. Kadi bu mukavua mvinyo mumukuate, Beleshazare muditambishi wakalombesha mpanza ya mu ntempelo wa Yehowa. Pashishe ne dikima dionso yeye, benyi bende, bakaji bende ne ndumba yende bakanuinamu pavuabu basamuna nzambi ya bena Babilone. Diakamue, mu tshishima tshianza kumueneka ne kutuadijatshi kufunda ku tshimanu tshia nzubu wa mukalenge. Muikale ne buôwa, Beleshazare kubikilaye bena meji bende bua bumvuije mukenji au. Kadi ‘kabakamanya mua kubala tshifundu atshi, ne kabakamanya mua kuleja mukalenge dijingulula diatshi.’ Ndekelu wa bionso, ‘bakalua ne [Danyele] kumpala kua mukalenge.’ Ku buenzeji bua spiritu wa Nzambi, muprofete wa dikima wa Yehowa wakasokolola diumvuija dia mukenji au wa tshishima, umanyisha dikulula dia Babilone kudi bena Mède ne bena Perse.​—Danyele 5:2-28.

Bena Mède ne bena Perse bakangata kakuyi lutatu tshimenga, ne butuku abu Beleshazare kakashala ne muoyo nansha. Bua lufu luende, ne didifila dia Nabonide didi dimueneka nanku mu bianza bia Sirise, Ampire mupiamupia wa bena Babilone wakajimina.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 8]

Danyele udi umvuija mukenji wa kabutu ka Ampire wa bena Babilone