Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga
◼ Kodi nkoyenera kwa mkazi Wachikristu kugwiritsira ntchito zokometsera kapena zodzoladzola, kusintha mtundu wa tsitsi lake, kapena kutsatira machitachita ofanana oterowo?
Nthaŵi zakale ndi zamakono, ena amene amati amatsatira Baibulo akulitsa malingaliro amphamvu koma osiyana onena za kukometsera.a
Akazi a m’matchalitchi ena amakaniratu zodzoladzola ndi zokometsera. Mwachitsanzo, bukhu lakuti The Amish People likusimba kuti iwo “amaika malire ku kawonekedwe kawo kakuthupi chifukwa amalingalira kuti chiŵalo chirichonse chimene chiri ndi chikondwerero chokangalika m’kawonekedwe kakudziko chiri paupandu, popeza kuti chikondwerero [chimenecho] chiyenera kusumikidwa pa zolingalira zauzimu osati zakuthupi. Ena . . . adzagwira mawu Malemba.”
Lemba lomwe linagwidwa mawu ndi 1 Samueli 16:7 lakuti: ‘Yehova ananena ndi Samueli, Usayang’ane nkhope yake, kapena kutalika kwa msinkhu wake . . . munthu ayang’ana chowoneka ndi maso, koma Yehova ayang’ana mumtima.’ Komabe, lemba limenelo linasonya ku kutalika kwa Eliyabu, mchimwene wa Davide. Mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo a lembalo akusonyeza bwino lomwe kuti Mulungu panopa sanali kuthirira ndemanga pa kapesedwe, kuti kaya Davide kapena achimwene ake ankapesa bwino tsitsi lawo kapena kuti ankagwiritsira ntchito zokometsera pazovala zawo.—Genesis 38:18; 2 Samueli 14:25, 26; Luka 15:22.
Ichi chimasonyeza mwafanizo kuti ena amene amanena kuti Akristu ayenera kukhala osadzikometsera, osagwiritsira ntchito zodzoladzola kapena zokometsera, amafuna chilikizo mwakugwiritsira ntchito molakwa malemba. Baibulo silimapereka konse kukambitsirana kwatsatanetsatane kwa kapesedwe; ilo silimavomerezanso machitachita a zodzoladzola ena nkuletsa ena. Ilo limangopereka zitsogozo zothandiza. Tiyeni tizikambitsirane zimenezi ndikuwona mmene zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito lerolino.
Mtumwi Paulo anapereka chitsogozo chouziridwa ichi: ‘Momwemonso akazi adziveke okha ndi chovala choyenera, ndi manyazi, ndi chidziletso; osati ndi tsitsi lake loluka, ndi golidi kapena ngale, kapena malaya a mtengo wake wapatali.’ (1 Timoteo 2:9) Mofananamo Petro analemba kuti: ‘Amene kukometsera kwanu kusakhale kwa kunja, kuluka tsitsi ndi kuvala za golidi, kapena kuvala chovala; koma kukhale munthu wobisika wamtima, m’chovala chosaola cha mzimu wofatsa ndi wachete, ndiwo wa mtengo wake wapatali pamaso pa Mulungu.’—1 Petro 3:3, 4.
Mawu Achigiriki omasuliridwa panopo ‘kudziveka,’ ‘choyenera,’ ndi “kukometsera” ndi mitundu ya liwu lakuti koʹsmos, lomwenso ndi magwero a liwu lakuti “mafuta okongoletsera,” lotanthauza “kukongoletsa maka[maka] kwa khungu.” Chotero malemba amenewo amatithandiza kuyankha mafunso onena za kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta okongoletsera kapena zodzoladzola, zokometsera, ndi zinthu zina zokhudza kudzikometsera kwa akazi.
Kodi Paulo ndi Petro anatanthauza kuti Akristu ayenera kupeŵa kuluka tsitsi lawo, kuvala ngale ndi zokometsera za golidi, kapena, mwakufutukula, kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta okongoletsera? Ayi. Kunena kuti amenewo ndiwo matanthauzo awo kukafunikira kuti alongo Achikristu adzipeŵa ‘kuvala chovala.’ Chikhalirechobe, Dorika, amene Petro anamuukitsa, anakondedwa chifukwa ankapanga ‘malaya ndi zovala’ za alongo ena. (Machitidwe 9:39) Chotero, 1 Timoteo 2:9 ndi 1 Petro 3:3, 4 samatanthauza kuti alongo ayenera kupeŵa kuluka dzikondo, kuvala ngale, zovala, ndi zina zotero. Mmalomwake, Paulo ankagogomezera kufunika kwa kudekha ndi kulama maganizo m’kapesedwe ka akazi. Petro anasonyeza kuti akazi ayenera kupereka chisamaliro chachikulu ku mzimu wamkati kotero kuti apindule amuna awo osakhulupirira, osati kugogomezera kawonekedwe kakunja kapena zodzoladzola.
Kunena momvekera bwino, Baibulo silimaletsa kuyesayesa kulikonse kwakuwongolera kapena kukometsa kawonekedwe ka munthu. Atumiki ena a Mulungu, amuna ndi akazi omwe, anagwiritsira ntchito zokometsera. (Genesis 41:42; Eksodo 32:2, 3; Danieli 5:29) Estere wokhulupirika anavomereza chisamaliro chachikulu cha kukongoletsedwa ndi mafuta okongoletsera, zonunkhiritsa, ndi zoyeretsa. (Estere 2:7, 12, 15; yerekezerani ndi Danieli 1:3-8.) Mulungu ananena kuti anaika mophiphiritsira zigwinjiri, unyolo wa m’khosi, chipini, ndi maperere pa Israyeli. Zimenezo zinawonjezera kukhala kwake “wokongola woposa ndithu.”—Ezekieli 16:11-13.
Komabe, cholembedwa cha mu Ezekieli chimapereka phunziro la kuwopsa kwakusumika chidwi chathu pa kawonekedwe. Mulungu anati: ‘Unatama kukongola kwako, ndi kuchita zachigololo potama mbiri yako, ndi kutsanulira zigololo zako pa munthu aliyense wopitapo.’ (Ezekieli 16:15; Yesaya 3:16, 19) Chotero, Ezekieli 16:11-15 amagogomezera nzeru ya Paulo ndi uphungu wapambuyo pake wa Petro wonena za kusagogomezera pa kawonekedwe kakunja. Ngati mkazi asankha kudzikometsera ndi zokometsera, unyinji wake ndi mtundu wake ziyenera kugwirizana ndi kudekha, osati zochulukitsitsa kapena zopambanitsa, zowala mopambanitsa.—Yakobo 2:2.
Bwanji ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta okongoletsera kwa mkazi Wachikristu, monga ngati lipstick, zopaka m’masaya, kapena eyeshadow ndi eyeliner? Akatswiri a zam’mabwinja mu Israyeli ndi malo oyandikana nawo apeza zotengera za zodzoladzola, limodzinso ndi zopakira ndi akalirole. Inde, akazi a Kum’mawa kwa makedzana anagwiritsira ntchito mafuta okongoletsera amene anali akalambula bwalo a zinthu zambiri za lerolino. Dzina la mwana wamkazi wa Yobu linali Kerenihapuki mothekera kwenikweni lotanthauza “Nyanga ya Utoto Wakuda wa (Maso),” kapena chotengera cha zodzoladzola za m’maso.—Yobu 42:13-15.
Mafuta okongoletsera ena anagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Israyeli, komabe zitsanzo za Baibulo zimasonyeza kuwopsa kwakuzigwiritsira ntchito mopambanitsa. Zaka zingapo atakhala mfumukazi wa Israyeli, Yezebeli ‘anapaka maso ake ndi utoto wakuda naluka tsitsi lake mokongola.’ (2 Mafumu 9:30, NW) Pambuyo pake pamene ankalongosola mmene Israyeli anafunira chisamaliro chachisembwere kwa mitundu yakunja, Mulungu anati iye ‘anadziveka ndi zokometsera za golidi, anadzikuzira maso ake ndi kupaka utoto wakuda, nadzikometsera.’ (Yeremiya 4:30, NW; Ezekieli 23:40) Mavesi amenewo ndi ena alionse samanena kuti nkulakwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira zongopangidwa zowongolera kawonekedwe ka munthu. Chikhalirechobe, nkhani ya Yezebeli imapereka lingaliro lakuti iye anaika utoto wakuda wambiri m’maso mwake kwakuti ukanatha kuwonekera pamtunda wautali, ngakhale ndi Yehu amene anali kunja kwa nyumba yachifumu. Kodi phunziro nlotani? Osaika zodzoladzola zoposa muyezo, mopambanitsa.b
Ndithudi, palibe mkazi aliyense amene amagwiritsira ntchito zokometsera kapena zodzoladzola amene anganene kuti njira zake ndi unyinji wake ngwosayenerera. Komabe, palibe chitsutso chakuti chifukwa chakudzimva kukhala wosasungika kapena chifukwa cha kusonkhezeredwa ndi kulengeza kofuna kudyera anthu ndalama, mkazi angayambitse chizoloŵezi chogwiritsira ntchito zodzoladzola zambiri. Iye angazoloŵere kawonekedwe kake kotulukapo kwakuti amalephera kuzindikira kuti kamasemphana ndi ‘manyazi ndi chidziletso’ cha akazi ambiri Achikristu.—Onani Yakobo 1:23, 24.
Kunena zowona, kukonda kumasiyana; akazi ena amakonda kugwiritsira ntchito zodzoladzola kapena zokometsera zochepa kapena osazigwiritsira ntchito nkomwe, ena amagwiritsira ntchito zambiri. Chotero nkwanzeru kusakhala woweruza ena amene amagwiritsira ntchito unyinji wosiyana wa zodzoladzola kapena zokometsera. Mfundo ina ndi miyambo yakumaloko. Chenicheni chakuti masitayelo ena amavomerezedwa m’dziko lina (kapena kuti anali ofala nthaŵi zamakedzana) sichimatanthauza kuti angavomerezedwe kumaloko lerolino.
Mkazi Wachikristu wanzeru akasanthula kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kapesedwe kake, akumadzifunsa mowona mtima kuti: ‘Kodi kaŵirikaŵiri ndimavala zokometsera kapena kupaka zodzoladzola zambiri (kapena zowonekera kwambiri) kuposa Akristu ambiri m’dera langa? Kodi ndimalinganiza kapesedwe kanga ndi anthu odzitama kapena ngwazi wa kanema zopanda pake, kapena kodi ndimatsogozedwa kwakukulukulu ndi uphungu wa 1 Timoteo 2:9 ndi 1 Petro 3:3, 4? Inde, kodi kapesedwe kanga nkodekhadi, kusonyeza ulemu weniweni kaamba ka maganizo ndi malingaliro a ena?’—Miyambo 31:30.
Akazi amene ali ndi amuna Achikristu angawafunse kaamba ka ndemanga ndi uphungu. Ndiponso, pamene wafunidwa mowona mtima, uphungu wothandiza ungapezedwe kwa alongo ena. Koma mmalo motembenukira kwa bwenzi lomwe limakonda zofananazo, chingakhale chabwinopo kulankhula ndi alongo achikulire omwe kulinganizika ndi nzeru zawo zimalemekezedwa. (Yerekezerani ndi 1 Mafumu 12:6-8.) Baibulo limati akazi okalamba ‘akalangize akazi aang’ono . . . akhale odziletsa, odekha . . . kuti mawu a Mulungu asachitidwe mwano.’ (Tito 2:2-5) Palibe Mkristu wofikapo amene angafune kuti kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kosadekha kwa zokometsera kapena zodzoladzola kuchititse Mawu a Mulungu kapena anthu ake ‘kuchitidwa mwano.’
Mbiri ya m’Baibulo yonena za Tamara imasonyeza kuti kapesedwe ka mkazi kangamzindikiritse kuti ali kumbali iti, kutumiza uthenga wamphamvu. (Genesis 38:14, 15) Kodi ndi uthenga wotani umene umaperekedwa ndi sitayelo ya tsitsi la mkazi Wachikristu, ndi mtundu wake (ngati nlopakidwa utoto) kapena kagwiritsiridwe kake ka zokometsera ndi mafuta okongoletsera? Kodi nkakuti: Uyu ndi mtumiki waudongo, wodekha, ndipo wolinganizika wa Mulungu?
Munthu amene amawona Akristu muuminisitala wakumunda, kapena amene amapezekapo pa misonkhano yathu, ayenera kusangalatsidwa. Mwachisawawa openyerera amakondweretsedwa. Akazi Achikristu ambiri samapereka chifukwa chakuti wakunja atsimikize kuti iwo kumbali imodzi, ali osasamala, kapena kumbali ina, odzola zodzoladzola kapena kudzikometsera mopambanitsa; mmalomwake, iwo amapesa ‘mokomera akazi akuvomereza kulemekeza Mulungu.’—1 Timoteo 2:10.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a M’zaka za zana lachitatu C.E., Tertullian ananena kuti akazi “amene amapaka khungu lawo mankhwala, kupaka masaya awo ndi rouge, kupangitsa maso awo kuwonekera kwambiri ndi antimony [yakuda], amamchimwira Iye.” Iye anasulizanso awo amene amasintha mtundu wa tsitsi lawo. Akumagwiritsira ntchito molakwa mawu a Yesu a pa Mateyu 5:36, Tertullian anatsutsa kuti: “Iwo amatsutsa Ambuye! ‘Tawonani!’ iwo amati, ‘mmalo mokhala ndi [tsitsi] loyera kapena lakuda, tikulipanga lathu kukhala lachikasu.’” Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Mungapezedi anthu amene amachita manyazi kuti akalamba, ndipo amayesa kusintha tsitsi lawo la imvi kukhala lakuda.” Kumeneko kunali kulingalira kwaumwini kwa Tertullian. Koma iye ankasokoneza zinthu, popeza kuti mfundo ya mkangano wake wonse inazikidwa pa lingaliro lake lakuti akazi ndiwo anapangitsa kukanidwa kwa anthu, chotero iwo ayenera ‘kuyendayenda monga Hava, akumalira ndi kulapa’ chifukwa cha ‘manyazi a tchimo loyambirira.’ Baibulo silimanena chinthu choterocho; Mulungu anapatsa Adamu mlandu wa kuchimwa kwa anthu.—Aroma 5:12-14; 1 Timoteo 2:13, 14.
b Osati kale kwambiri ofalitsa nkhani ku United States anabukitsa zochititsa manyazi za mlaliki wa pa TV, pamene mkazi wake yemwe ndi ngwazi inzake anakoka pafupifupi chisamaliro chachikulu. Mogwirizana ndi malipoti a nyuzi, iye anakula akukhulupirira kuti “zonse ziŵiri zodzoladzola ndi akanema” nzoipa, komabe pambuyo pake anasintha lingaliro lake ndipo anadzadziŵika chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito “zodzoladzola zochulukitsitsa zomwe zinawoneka ngati zosema.”
[Zithunzi patsamba 31]
Zotumbidwa m’mabwinja za ku Middle East: Bokosi la m’nyanga la mafuta okongoletsera, kalirole, ndi unyolo wa m’nkhosi wagolidi ndi “carnelian”
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Zonse zitatu: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.