Agamula Kuti Munthu Azidzisankhira

SI WINA ayi koma Munthu wapamwamba kwambiri m’chilengedwe chonse amene amafuna kuti munthu azipanga chosankha atadziŵa zoloŵetsedwapo. Iye ndiye Mlengi wathu. Pokhala wodziŵa zonse ponena za zofunikira za munthu, iye amapereka malangizo, machenjezo, ndi chitsogozo mosaumira posonyeza anthu njira yanzeru yoti ayendemo. Komabe, sanyozera ufulu wakudzisankhira umene anapatsa zolengedwa zake zaluntha. Mneneri wake Mose anasonyeza malingaliro a Mulungu pamene anati: “Ndaika pamaso panu moyo ndi imfa, mdalitso ndi temberero; potero, sankhani moyo, kuti mukhale ndi moyo, inu ndi mbewu zanu.”​—Deuteronomo 30:19.

Mfundo imeneyi imakhudzanso zachipatala. Lingaliro lakuti munthu azipanga chosankha atadziŵa zoloŵetsedwapo, kapena kuti kuvomereza akudziŵa, pang’onopang’ono likulandiridwa ku Japan ndi kumaiko ena kumene kumbuyoku silinali lofala. Dr. Michitaro Nakamura anafotokoza motere za kusankha ukudziŵa: “Ndiko pamene dokotala afotokozera wodwala za matenda ake mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta kumva. Amafotokozanso zimene zingachitike pamene akuchira, njira yochizira ndi zovuta zimene njirayo ingapangitse, kumlola wodwalayo kukhala ndi ufulu wakudzisankhira njira yochizira.”​—Japan Medical Journal.

Kwa zaka zambiri, madokotala ku Japan apereka zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokanira njirayi yochiritsira odwala, ndipo mabwalo amilandu atsatira mwambo wa zachipatalawu. Choncho, pamene chigamulo chokhudza kusankha utadziŵa zoloŵetsedwapo chinaperekedwa ndi Woweruza Wamkulu Takeo Inaba wa High Court (Bwalo Lalikulu) la Tokyo pa February 9, 1998, inakhala nkhani yaikulu. Kodi chigamulocho chinali chotani, ndipo kodi panali mlandu wotani kuti nkhaniyi ifike kumabwalo amilandu?

Kumbuyoko mu July 1992, Misae Takeda wazaka 63 zakubadwa, mmodzi wa Mboni za Yehova, anapita ku chipatala cha Institute of Medical Science cha Yunivesite ya Tokyo. Anampeza ndi chotupa choopsa kuchiŵindi ndipo anafunikira opaleshoni. Pofunitsitsa kumvera lamulo la Baibulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito magazi, anawafotokozera bwino madokotala ake kuti akufuna kuchiritsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito magazi. (Genesis 9:3, 4; Machitidwe 15:29) Madokotalawo anavomereza kumasulidwa ndi fomu yowamasula pamlandu, imene inawamasula pamodzi ndi chipatalacho kuti sadzaimbidwa mlandu chilichonse chikachitika chifukwa cha chosankha chakecho. Iwo anamtsimikiza kuti adzatsatira zofuna zake.

Komabe, atampanga opaleshoni, ndiponso Misae adakali mtulo chifukwa cha mankhwala ogonetsa, anamuika magazi​—motsutsana kotheratu ndi zofuna zake zimene anazifotokoza momveka. Zoyesayesa zoti abise kuika magazi kosaloledwa kumeneko zinadziŵika pamene wantchito wina wa m’chipatala mwachionekere anavumbula nkhaniyo kwa mtolankhani wina. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, mkazi wachikristu woona mtima ameneyu anapwetekedwa mtima koopsa atadziŵa kuti anaikidwa magazi popanda lamulo. Anali atawakhulupirira madokotalawo, akumaganiza kuti adzachitadi zimene anena ndi kulemekeza zikhulupiriro zake zachipembedzo. Posautsidwa mtima chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa unansi wapakati pa dokotala ndi wodwala kwakukulu kumeneku ndiponso pofuna kuyambitsa njira imene idzateteza ena ku kulakwiridwa ngati kumeneku pazachipatala, iye anaipereka kubwalo la milandu nkhani imeneyo.

Chikhalidwe Chokomera Onse

Oŵeruza atatu a bwalo la Tokyo District Court ndiwo anazenga mlanduwo nagamula mokomera madokotala kwinaku akutsutsa lingaliro la kuvomera ukudziŵa. M’chigamulo chawo, chimene chinaperekedwa pa March 12, 1997, iwo ananena kuti kuyesa kulikonse kwakuti agwirizane ndi madokotala kuti apereke machiritso osaloŵetsapo magazi kunali kosagwira ntchito. Zifukwa zawo zinali zakuti zimenezi zingakhale zotsutsana ndi kojo ryozoku,a kapena kuti chikhalidwe chokomera onse ngati dokotala angasaine pangano lapadera lakuti asaike magazi wodwalayo ngakhale patakhala vuto lalikulu. Malingaliro awo anali akuti udindo waukulu wa dokotala ndiwo kupulumutsa moyo mwa njira yabwino koposa imene angathe, choncho pangano limeneli silikanagwira ntchito kuchokera pachiyambi, mosasamala kanthu za zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo za wodwalayo. Iwo anagamula kuti njira yaukatswiri ya dokotala ndiyo iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri pomalizira pake kuposa pempho lililonse la zamankhwala limene wodwalayo angapereke.

Ndiponso, oweruzawo anati pazifukwa zimodzimodzizo, ngakhale kuti amayembekezeredwa kufotokoza mwachidule njira yake, zotsatirapo, ndi ngozi za opaleshoni imene akufuna kuichita, dokotala “atha kusanena kalikonse ngati akulingalira zomuika magazi kapena kusamuika.” Chigamulo chawo chinali chotere: “Madokotala, monga Oimbidwamlandu, sanaswe lamulo kapena kulakwitsa pomvera zofuna za Wosumamlandu kuti safuna kuikidwa magazi mulimonse mmene zingakhalire ndi pochita ngati kuti adzatsatira zofuna zakezo nampangitsa kuvomereza opaleshoni imene anampangayi.” Mfundo yake inali yakuti chikhala kuti madokotalawo anachitira mwina, wodwalayo akadakana opaleshoni ndi kuchoka m’chipatala.

Chigamulo chimenecho cha bwalolo chinadabwitsa ndi kuopsa anthu ochirikiza lingaliro la kuvomereza utadziŵa. Ponena za chigamulo cha nkhani ya Takeda ndi mmene chingakhudzire lingaliro la kuvomereza utadziŵa ku Japan, Polofesa Takao Yamada, katswiri wotchuka wa zamalamulo okhudza nzika, analemba kuti: “Ngati zifukwa za chigamulochi ziloledwa kuti nzabwino, kukana kuikidwa magazi ndi mfundo ya zamalamulo ya kuvomereza utadziŵa zidzangozimiririka.” (Magazini ya zamalamulo ya Hogaku Kyoshitsu) Ndi mawu amphamvu iye anatsutsa kuika magazi kokakamiza kumeneko kuti ndiko “kuwonongeratu kudalirana, kofanana ndi kuukira munthu kodzidzimutsa.” Polofesa Yamada anawonjezera kuti kachitidwe kowononga kudalirana kameneka “sikayenera kuloledwa mpang’ono pomwe.”

Misae, pokhala wamanyazi mwachibadwa, anavutika kwambiri kukhala nkhani ya munthu aliyense. Koma pozindikira kuti angathandize kuteteza dzina la Yehova ndi malamulo ake olungama onena za kupatulika kwa magazi, anatsimikiza mtima kuchita mbali yake. Iye analembera phungu wake wa zamalamulo kuti: “Ndine fumbi wamba, mwinanso kuposa pamenepo. Sindikumvetsa chifukwa chake akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito munthu wopanda pake monga ine. Koma ngati ndikufuna kuchita zimene Yehova akunena​—amene angapangitse miyala kufuula​—adzandipatsa mphamvu.” (Mateyu 10:18; Luka 19:40) Popereka umboni pamene mlanduwo unali kuzengedwa, anafotokoza ndi mawu onthunthumira za kusautsidwa mtima kwake chifukwa cha chinyengocho. “Ndinamva ngati ndaipitsidwa, monga mkazi amene wagwiriridwa.” Umboni wakewo unapangitsa ambiri amene anali m’bwalo lamilandu tsikulo kugwetsa misozi.

Chilimbikitso Chosayembekezeka

Chifukwa cha chigamulo cha District Court, mlanduwo anauchita apilo nthaŵi yomweyo ku Bwalo Lalikulu. Kuzenga mlanduwo m’bwalo la apilo kunayamba mu July 1997, ndipo tsopano Misae wofooka koma wotsimikiza mtima anapezekapo atakhala pampando wake wamawilo. Kansa ija inayambiranso, ndipo anali kufookerabe. Misae analimbikitsidwa kwambiri pamene woweruza wamkulu anafotokoza zimene bwalo lamilandulo likufuna kuchita. Zimenezo zinali zachilendo. Iye anafotokoza bwino kuti bwalo la apilo limenelo silinavomereze chigamulo cha bwalo laling’ono​—chonena kuti dokotala ali ndi ufulu wonyalanyaza zofuna za wodwala, kuchita ngati kuti adzazitsatira koma mumtima akudziŵa kuti si zimene adzachita. Woweruza wamkuluyo ananena kuti bwalo lamilandulo silichirikiza mfundo yopondereza ya “Shirashimu bekarazu, yorashimu beshi,”b kutanthauza, “Osawauza kalikonse kuti azingodalira” mankhwalawo. Pambuyo pake Misae anati: “Ndili wokondwa kwambiri kumva ndemanga yosakondera ya woweruza, imene ili yosiyana kotheratu ndi chigamulo choyambacho cha District Court.” Anawonjezera kuti: “Nzimene ndakhala ndikupempherera kwa Yehova.”

Mwezi wotsatira Misae anamwalira, atazunguliridwa ndi banja lake lachikondi ndi madokotala a m’chipatala china, kumene anamva ndi kulemekeza zikhulupiriro zake zochokera pansi pa mtima. Ngakhale kuti anachita chisoni chachikulu ndi imfa yake, mwana wake, Masami, ndi achibale ena anatsimikiza mtima kuona mlanduwo utathetsedwa, mogwirizana ndi zofuna za Misae.

Chigamulo

Pomalizira pake, pa February 9, 1998, oweruza atatu a m’Bwalo Lalikulu analengeza chigamulo chawo, kusintha chigamulo cha bwalo laling’ono. Chipinda chaching’onocho cha m’bwalomo chinadzaza ndi atolankhani, ophunzira a maphunziro apamwamba, ndi ena amene anautsatira bwino mlanduwo. Manyuzipepala akuluakulu ndi mawailesi akanema anachita lipoti za chigamulocho. Mitu ina inali yakuti: “Bwalo Lamilandu Likuti Odwala Atha Kukana Machiritso”; “Bwalo Lalikulu Likuti Kuika Magazi Nkulakwira Ufulu”; “Dokotala Amene Anaika Munthu Magazi Mokakamiza Ampeza ndi Mlandu m’Bwalo Lamilandu”; ndi “Mboni ya Yehova Ilipiridwa Chifukwa Choikidwa Magazi.”

Malipoti onena za chigamulocho anali olondola ndiponso abwino kwambiri. Nyuzipepala ya The Daily Yomiuri inati: “Woweruza Takeo Inaba anati nkulakwa ngati madokotala apanga zinthu zimene wodwala sakufuna.” Inatinso mosapita m’mbali: “Madokotala amene [anamuika magazi] anammana mpata wodzisankhira machiritso.”

Nyuzipepala ya Asahi Shimbun inati pamene kuli kwakuti pamlanduwu bwalolo linaona kuti panalibe umboni wokwanira wakuti panali kugwirizana pakati pa wodwala ndi madokotala kuti sadzamuika magazi ngakhale moyo utakhala pangozi, oweruzawa anatsutsa zomwe bwalo laling’onolo linanena zokhudza kuyenera kwa pangano limenelo: “Ngati pali kugwirizana kwenikweni pakati pa madokotala ndi wodwala kuti asamuike magazi mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, Bwalo lino likuti sikulakwira chikhalidwe chokomera onse, choncho, chigamulo chawo sichingagwire ntchito.” Ndiponso, nyuzipepala imeneyi inatchula malingaliro a oweruza akuti “munthu aliyense adzamwalira tsiku lina, ndipo munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wosankha njira yofikira panthaŵi ya imfa imeneyo.”

Kwenikweni, Mboni za Yehova zaifufuza nkhaniyi ndipo nzotsimikiza kuti zikusankha njira yabwino koposa yokhalira ndi moyo. Zimenezo zikuphatikizapo kupeŵa ngozi zodziŵika za kuikidwa magazi ndipo m’malo mwake kulandira machiritso osaloŵetsapo magazi amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’maiko ambiri ndiponso amene akugwirizana ndi lamulo la Mulungu. (Machitidwe 21:25) Polofesa wina wotchuka wachijapani wa malamulo a boma anati: “Kwenikweni, kukana [kuikidwa magazi] kumeneku si nkhani ya kusankha ‘njira yofera’ koma, m’malo mwake, njira yokhalira ndi moyo.”

Chigamulo cha Bwalo Lalikulu chimenechi chiyenera kuchenjeza madokotala kuti ufulu wawo wochita zosankha zawo sangaugwiritse ntchito paliponse monga momwe ena amaganizira. Ndipo ziyenera kupangitsa zipatala zambiri kukhala ndi zitsogozo zenizeni zochitira zinthu. Ngakhale kuti chigamulo chimenechi cha bwalo lamilandu chavomerezedwa ndi ambiri ndipo ncholimbikitsa kwa odwala, amene sanakhale ndi ufulu weniweni pamachiritso awo, si anthu onse amene achilandira. Chipatala chabomacho ndi madokotala atatu aja achita apilo nkhaniyo ku Supreme Court (Bwalo Lapamwamba). Choncho tiyeni tiyembekeze ndi kuona ngati bwalo lamilandu lapamwamba koposa la ku Japan lidzachirikizanso ufulu wa odwala, monga momwe Mfumu yachilengedwe chonse imachitira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]