Kumwerekera ndi Crack—Mliri Wake wa Chiwawa

CRACK, wotchedwa motero chifukwa cha phokoso lakuthetheka limene amapanga pomsuta, ndiwo mtundu wa cocaine womwerekeretsa kwambiri ndi wogodomalitsa koposa. Katswiri wina wodziŵa chiyambukiro chamankhwala pamaganizo amunthu akumutcha kukhala “mankhwala ogodomalitsa koposa odziŵika kwa munthu patsopano lino. Amamwerekeretsa pafupifupi nthaŵi yomweyo.” Mkulu wina wapolisi anamutcha “mankhwala oipitsitsa chikhalire. Palibe amene amasuta crack mongodzisangulutsa.”

Popeza kuti crack amasutidwa mmalo molatsiridwa ndi jekeseni mumtsempha kapena kumwedwa, osuta amene poyamba anawopa kutenga AIDS ku jekeseni zamatenda apeza crack kukhala ndi “maubwino” atatu—“ngwotetezereka kwambiri, ngwochangamula kwambiri, utsi wake umaledzeretsa mofulumira.” Amene kale anali womwerekera anati: “Amapita kumutu mwachindunji. Amakuchangamula nthaŵi yomweyo ndipo umamva mutu wako ngati kuti udzang’aluka.” Kuchangamuka kumeneko kumatenga mphindi 5 kufikira ku 12 zokha koma pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse kumatsatiridwa ndi kuchita tondovi kwadzawoneni kumene kungasiye wosutayo ali wamtima wapachala, wopsinjika, wamantha, kapena wamisala ndi wachilakolako champhamvu chofuna crack wowonjezereka. “Upandu waukulu wa crack akufotokoza motero Dr. Arnold Washton, mtsogoleri wa Addiction Treatment Center pa Chipatala cha Regent mu New York, “ngwakuti pambuyo pamasiku ochepa okha kufikira milungu yochepa iye angalamulire kotheratu ubongo wanu, ndi moyo wanu.”

Kumwerekera ndi crack kukufalikira monga mliri wachaola m’mbali zambiri zadziko. Makamaka mu United States, kuposa m’Canada, Ingalande, ndi maiko ena aku Ulaya, crack waloŵa m’mbali zonse zachitaganya,—okhupuka, osauka, achipambano, apantchito zamataya. Chifukwa chakupezeka kwake kosavuta ndi ziyambukiro zake zochangamula maganizo, kufunidwa kwake kukukula ndipo kumakulirakulira mkupita kwa tsiku lirilonse. Oyamba chatsopano, oyembekezeredwa kukhala omwerekera, amafunidwa m’magulayi amakwalala, m’sukulu, ndi m’malo antchito. Akazi nawonso akuyamba ndipo m’magulu ena achitaganya akazi osuta amachuluka kuposa amuna. Ana achichepere—osafikira zaka zakuma 13—ofunafuna zochangamula zamwamsanga, amene sangakane atapatsidwa mankhwala ogodomalitsa, amakhala mikhole yosavuta kwa osuta crack—kaŵiri kaŵiri anjirache enieni kapena ziwalo zina zabanja kapena mabwenzi apamtima.

Kumwerekera Kumadzetsa Chiwawa

“Crack angachititse mkhalidwe woipa ndi wachiwawa mwa munthu womugwiritsira ntchito molakwa koposa pafupifupi mankhwala ena aliwonse,” inasimba motero The Wall Street Journal ya August 1, 1989. “Posachedwapa, m’miraga ya Boston [U.S.A], mayi wina wachichepere yemwe analedzera ndi crack anamenyetsera khanda lake kukhoma mwamphamvu kotero kuti mwanayo anafa atathyoka khosi,” inatero nyuzipepala. Mayiyo anasimbidwa kukhala wochokera ku “banja lachapakati lolemekezeka.”

Chifukwa cha ziyambukiro zachiwawa zimene crack angachititse pa omusuta, akatswiri amakhalidwe a anthu ndi ofufuza matenda a ana ngokhutira kuti mankhwalawo akuthandiza kuwonjezereka kufulumira kwakuchitira ana nkhanza. Pangakhale ngozi yoopsa ngati mayi wodakwa ndi crack asiidwa kusamalira mwana wosapeza bwino, womaliralira. Sikwabwino konse kukhala ndi mwana patsogolo panu,” anatero wofufuza wina, “pamene mtima wanu uli pachala kapena pamene mwachita tondovi ndipo mwadakwa ndi cocaine. Kodi mudzachitanji ndi khandalo? Ndithudi osati zimene muyenera kuchita.”

Mwatsoka, kaŵirikaŵiri zotulukapo zake zakhala zochititsa imfa. Sikwachirendo kuŵerenga kapena kumva za achichepere omwerekera ndi crack kumapha makolo awo kapena agogo owasunga chifukwa chakuti anakana kuwapatsa ndalama zogulira crack kapena chifukwa chakuti omwerekerawo anapezereredwa akumusuta. Apolisi a Mzinda wa New York anena kuti chiwawa chankhalwe chowonjezereka pakati pa achichepere omwerekera chikuchititsidwa ndi crack.

Komabe, chiwawa chachikulu ndi chankhalwe koposa chimachitidwira pamakwalala amizinda. Popeza kuti malonda a crack amapezetsa ndalama zochuluka koposa chifukwa chakufunidwa kwake komawonjezereka nthaŵi zonse, ochita malondawo amalingalira kuti kupherapo munthu kuli koyenerera. Atanyamula zida zamakono zoopsa—mfuti zachiwaya, mfuti zachifefe za asirikali, mfuti zopha mwakachetechete, ndi mavesiti osaloŵa zipolopolo—amalondalonda m’magawo awo achichepere ena ogulitsa ndi cholinga cha kusonyeza mmene angachitire ndi aliyense wofuna kuwalanda makasitoma awo kapena amene samabweretsa ndalama zonse zopezedwa patsiku. Amalondawo amakhala okonzekera ndi achire kuthetsa mikangano yawo yazamalonda mwakukhetsa mwazi kwachiwawa. “Ngati wina alasidwa ndi mfuti kumwendo kapena kubaidwa ndi mpeni padzanja,” anatero namwino woyang’anira m’mchipinda chofikira ovulala mwangozi, “linali chenjezo kwa wachichepere amene anapatula ndalama kapena mankhwala a wamalonda amene anamgwirira ntchito. Ngati wachichepere alasidwa m’mutu kapena pachifuŵa, ndiko kuti anafunadi kumupha ameneyo.”

“Kuphana mwambanda kumeneko tsopano nkokakala kwambiri,” anatero katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu wa Mzinda wa New York. “Kupha sikokwanira. Uyenera kuwonongeratu nthupilo. Amakhala atafa kale ndi zipolopolo ziŵiri. Chotero umuwombera zisanu ndi chimodzi. Umdula mutu, kapena zofanana.” “Pali achichepere okwanira miliyoni imodzi amene alibe maluso aliwonse kusiyapo kuchita nkhondo basi,” anatero yemwe anali katswiri wamalamulo. “Iwo samawopa apolisi kapena ndende kapena kufa,” ndiponso samadera nkhaŵa ndi chitetezo kapena miyoyo ya athu oimirira pafupipo opanda liwongo amene amalasidwa m’kati mwakuwomberana mfuti kwawo. Magazini a Time akusimba kuti mwa anthu ophedwa ndi achifwamba 387 mu Chigawo cha Los Angeles m’chaka chimodzi, theka linali anthu oimirira chapafupipo opanda liwongo.

Maunyolo Agolidi, Magalimoto Amtengo Wapatali

Chifukwa cha chiwawa chogwirizanitsidwa ndi kumwerekera ndi crack, ogulitsa crack achichepere samakhala ndi miyoyo yopita patali. Ndithudi, amafa akadali achichepere. Kanenedwe kakuti “ndidzakhala ndi moyo wabwino koposa ndisanafe” kakhala nthanthi yawo. Ambiri akuchitadi zimenezo. “Tsiku lirilonse mungapite kusukulu yapamwamba ndikuwona magalimoto atsopano a Mercedes ndi Jeep ndipo Cadillac ndi Volvo,” anatero ofisala wowona za mankhwala olezeretsa waku Detroit. “Magalimoto amenewa ngaachichepere, siamakolo ayi.” Ana ochepa kwambiri osakhoza kudziyendetsera okha amalemba ntchito ena kuwayendetsa. Ena amangoyesa mwaŵi wawo namayendetsa popanda laisensi. Amakhoza kulipirira magalimoto awo ndi kashi. Akachita ngozi, amangosiya magalimotowo ndikuthaŵa.

“Ana asukuluwo tsiku lirilonse amavala zovala zamtengo wokhoza kufika $2,000,” anatero mphunzitsi wina. “Mumawona achichepere ambiri atavala mabachi aubweya wa katumbu ndi unyolo wagolidi wochindikira m’makosi awo,” iye anatero. “Kwenikweni, golidi amakhala choseweretsa chofalikira kwa achichepere amumzinda,” anasimba motero magazini a Time yapa May 9, 1988. “Unyolo wagolidi wochindikira wofika pamtengo wa $20,000 ngwofalikira kwabasi.” Amalondawo amalipira ndalama yabwino kwa ana owathandiza. Mwachitsanzo, azaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi azaka khumi zakubadwa, akhoza kupeza $100 patsiku kuchenjeza ogulitsawo zakubwera kwa apolisi. Wotsatira ndiye wamtengatenga, amene amapereka mankhwalawo kwa amalonda kuchokera m’chipinda chowapangira, ntchito imene ingamchititse kupata $300 patsiku. Onse aŵiri ochenjeza ndi amtengatenga amakalamira kufikira mlingo wa mwini malondayo. Kodi mungayerekezere wachichepere mwina mwake wosaphunzira kwambiri, alikumapeza ndalama zokwanira $3,000 patsiku? Ndithudi, malipirowo ngokwera, komabe mtsogolo mumakhala mwakanthaŵi.

Kaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri, maupandu akugulitsa crack kwa achichepere ali mpeni wakuthwa konsekonse. Kumbali imodzi yakuthwa, iwo akugulitsa mankhwala ogodomalitsa akupha amene angawononge miyoyo ya owagwiritsira ntchito ndiponso kupititsa patsogolo chiwawa, kaŵirikaŵiri iwo eni akumakhala mikhole. Kumbali ina yampeniwo, makolo kaŵirikaŵiri amasonkhezera ana awo kuphatikizidwa m’malonda a crack. Nthaŵi zambiri, wamalonda wachichepereyo amakhala ndiye wodyetsa banja, akumagwiritsira ntchito mbali yaikulu yamapindu kuchirikiza banja lovutikalo. Pamene makolo akana kuwongolera mkhalidwewo ndipo mmalo mwake kunyalanyaza, amakhalamo ndi phande m’kusonkhezera machitachita aupandu.

Choipitsitsa kwenikweni ndipamene chikondi cha amayi cha crack chipambana chikondi chake pa ana ake, ngakhale mwana wosabadwa wokhalabe m’mimba. Talingalirani za tsoka la ana osabadwa m’nkhani yotsatira.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 22]

“Crack ali Nkhani Yosiyana Kotheratu”

Popeza kuti crack anapangidwira kukhala wokopa kwa achichepere ndi osauka, mtengo wake woyambirira ungawonekere kukhala wotsika. Ogulitsawo amamgulitsa m’timapukusi ting’onoting’ono tapulasitiki pamtengo wochepa wamadola asanu kapena khumi. Komabe, kuledzeretsa kwake kwakanthaŵi koma kwamphamvu moopsa kumafunikiritsa mtengo wake kumakwera mobwerezabwereza. “Crack ali nkhani yosiyana kotheratu,” anatero mkulu wapamalo ofufuzira zamankhwala ogodomalitsa aku Florida. “Ali mankhwala ogodomalitsa koposa, oposadi cocaine wamba. Kufulumira kwake nkwakukulu ndipo kuchangamula kwake nkwamphamvu mwakuti kumapangitsa osutawo—ngakhale osuta kwanthaŵi yoyamba—kusaganizira china chirichonse kusiyapo kulakalaka ndudu yotsatira basi.”

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Timapukusi ta Crack Monga Zipolopolo mu Mfuti

Mabungwe Osungitsa Malamulo akuyesayesa kulimbana naye. Makolo akuphedwa mwambanda ndi ana awo kaamba komufuna. Ana akuphedwa ndi makolo awo pansi pa chisonkhezero chake. Moyo wamtsogolo wa makanda amene akadali m’mimba ukuvulazidwa naye. Malo a m’matauni akukhala malo ankhondo yolimbana naye moyesa kumchotsa. Ophedwa mosasankha amanyamulidwira m’mathumba pambuyo pa nkhondo yomenyanirana iye. Ogwira ntchito m’zipinda zachipatala zosamalira ovulala mwangozi amachulukiridwa ndi ntchito yakalavulagaga chifukwa chake. Ogulitsa amisinkhu yonse amapeza mapindu aakulu mwakumgulitsa. Amatchedwa “loto labwino la wogulitsa ndi loto loipa la wosuta.”