Zoyesayesa za Kugwirizanitsa

Ndi mlembi wa Galamukani! m’Falansa

ZAMANYAZI! Inde, manyazi ndiwo anayambitsa gulu la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi. Kuchita manyazi nchiyani? Kuchita manyazi ndi chiwonetsero chopweteka chimene Chikristu Chadziko chinapereka ku dziko losakhala Lachikristu kukhala nyumba yogaŵikana pakati.

Pamsonkhano woyambirira weniweni wa bungwe la WCC (World Council of Churches), mlembi wake wamkulu, Dr. W. A. Visser ’t Hooft, analongosola kuti: “Ndife Bungwe la Matchalitchi, osati Bungwe lenileni la Tchalitchi chimodzi chosagaŵikana. Dzina lathu limasonyeza kufooka kwathu ndi manyazi amene tiri nawo pamaso pa Mulungu, popeza kuti pangakhale ndipo pomalizira pake padzakhala Tchalitchi cha Kristu chimodzi chokha padziko lapansi.”

Bukhu lanazonse Lachifrenchi Lachikatolika lofalitsidwa posachedwapa likuvomereza kuti: “Kuzindikira kunyazitsa kochititsidwa ndi matchalitchi ogaŵikana kunakhala koipitsitsa m’zaka za zana la 19. Izi zinali tero makamaka pakati pa amishonale, omwe kutsutsana kwawo kokhazikika kunasemphana ndi Uthenga Wabwino womwe anabwera kudzaulalikira kwa anthu osakhala Akristu. . . . Kudabwitsa kosakaikirikako kunafika ndi kuyambika kwa mamishoni Achiafirika ndi Achiasiya omwe anawonetsera poyera kugaŵikana kochitika pakati pa Akristu komwe kunkalepheretsa ntchito yolengeza.”

Kuyambika Kwake

Liwu lakuti “ecumenical” (mgwirizano wa matchalitchi) linatengedwa ku liwu Lachigiriki lakuti oi·kou·meʹne (dziko lapansi lokhalidwa ndi anthu). Gulu la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi, lomwe linayambika mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19, liri ndi cholinga chofuna kugwirizanitsa matchalitchi a Chikristu Chadziko padziko lonse lapansi. Pozindikira kuipa kwa magawano omwe alipo pakati pa matchalitchi, okonzanso analinganiza magulu osiyanasiyana a zipembedzo zonse mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20.

Amishonale omwe anatumizidwa kukatembenuza anthu osakhala Akristu anali ozindikira kwenikweni mikangano yomwe inali m’Chikristu Chadziko. Iwo sakanatha konse kusonya ku mbiri ya tchalitchi yodzazidwa ndi mwazi kukhala umboni wa upamwamba wa chipembedzo chawo. Kodi iwo akanalungamitsa motani kukhalapo kwa matchalitchi ambiri, onse onyengezera kukhala Achikristu, pamene panthaŵi imodzimodziyo akumagwira mawu Yesu kapena mtumwi Paulo, onse aŵiriwo omwe anagogomezera kufunika kwa umodzi Wachikristu?—Yohane 13:34, 35; 17:21; 1 Akorinto 1:10-13.

Mosakaikira mkhalidwe umenewu unathandizira ku kupangidwa kwa gulu la mgwirizano wamatchalitchi lamakono, lomwe linasonkhanitsa pamodzi Msonkhano woyamba wa World Missionary, mu Edinburgh, Scotland, mu 1910. Pambuyo pake, mu 1921, bungwe la International Missionary Council linapangidwa. New Catholic Encyclopedia ikufotokoza kuti: “Bungwe la International Missionary Council linapangidwa osati kokha kufalitsa chidziŵitso chokhudza njira zaumishonale zogwira mtima, komanso kuchepetsa chitonzo cha kugaŵikana kwa Chikristu mwakupeŵa mpikisano m’maiko osakhala Achikristu.”

Kusakondweretsedwa kwa Chikatolika

Komabe, kodi nchiyani chimene Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chinachita kuchepetsako chitonzo cha kugaŵikana kwa Chikristu? Mu 1919 Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinaitanidwa kukhalamo ndi phande m’kukambitsirana kwa matchalitchi pa chikhulupiriro ndi dongosolo, kumene kusiyana kwa chiphunzitso ndi uminisitala zinayenera kulingaliridwa. Koma Papa Benedict XV anakana chiitanochi. Kachiŵirinso, mu 1927, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinalandira chiitano chakukhala ndi phande pa msonkhano wa First World Conference on Faith and Order, wochitidwira mu Lausanne, Switzerland. Nthumwi zochokera m’matchalitchi ambiri a Protestanti ndi Orthodox zinakumana kukambitsirana zopinga za umodzi, koma Papa Pius XI anakana kulola kukhalamo ndi phande kwa Chikatolika kulikonse.

M’nkhani yake yonena za Papa Pius XI, New Catholic Encyclopedia ikuti: “Papa Woyerayo anali ndi lingaliro loipa kulinga ku gulu la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi osakhala Achikatolika a Chikristu Chadziko.” Lingaliro loipa limeneli linadzakhala chidani chapoyera, pamene mu 1928, papayo anapereka kalata yake yonka kwa mabishopu yotchedwa Mortalium animos. M’kalatayo iye anatsutsa gulu la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi naletsa Akatolika kupereka chilikizo lirilonse ku mgwirizano wa matchalitchiwo.

Mu 1948 bungwe la WCC linapangidwa. Pamene linkapangidwa, mamembala ake anaphatikizapo pafupifupi matchalitchi 150, ambiri a iwo Achiprotestanti. Matchalitchi ena a Orthodox Yakum’mawa anaphatikizidwamo, ndipo matchalitchi ena a Orthodox anagwirizana ndi bungwe la WCC pambuyo pake. Matchalitchi onseŵa anavomereza chilengezo ichi monga maziko a umembala: “Bungwe la World Council of Churches ndilo kugwirizana kwa matchalitchi amene amavomereza Ambuye Yesu Kristu kukhala Mulungu ndi Mpulumutsi.” Mosasamala kanthu za dongosolo lolongosoledwa bwino la Utatu limeneli, Papa Pius XII anakana chiitano chakugwirizanitsa Tchalitchi cha Katolika ndi bungwe la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi limeneli.

Kodi Pali Kusintha Pakati pa Akatolika?

John XXIII, yemwe anasankhidwa kukhala papa mu 1958 pamsinkhu wa pafupifupi zaka 77, analingaliridwa ndi Akatolika ambiri kukhala papa di passaggio, kapena papa wongoyembekezera. Monga momwe zinachitikira, iye anatsegulira mazenera a Vatican ku masinthidwe omwe kufikira lerolino akuchititsabe msokonezo m’Chikatolika. Chimodzi cha zosankha zoyambirira za Papa John, kuchiyambiyambi kwa 1959, chinali kuitanitsa bungwe la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi, lomwe m’lingaliro la Chikatolika, linatanthauza kusonkhana kwa abishopu a Tchalitchi chonse cha Katolika.

Choyamba, cholinga cha kusonkhana kumeneku chinali “kupangitsa tchalitchicho kukhala chozoloŵerana ndi zinthu zatsopano” ndipo chachiŵiri, chinali “kutsegula njira kulinga ku kugwirizananso kwa abale ogaŵikana a Kum’mawa ndi Kumadzulo m’khola limodzi la Kristu.” Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chachiŵirichi, mu 1960 Papa John XXIII anakhazikitsa Bungwe Lochilikiza Umodzi Wachikristu pa Vatican. Ilo linatamandidwa monga “kuzindikira koyamba kwalamulo kochitidwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika kwa kukhalapo kwa gulu la mgwirizano wa matchalitchi.”

Kusintha kumeneku kunawonekadi kukhala kukuchitika. Koma kodi Gulu la Roma, gulu lamphamvu la atsogoleri opanga boma lolamulira la tchalitchicho, linagwirizana ndi masinthidwe ameneŵa? Ngati anatero, kodi lingaliro lawo la umodzi Wachikristu linali lotani?