AIDS—Imfa Yake Yowopsa pa Ana

KODI munawonapo zithunzithunzi zawo? Kodi munamvapo kapena kuŵerengapo nkhani zawo? Ngati munatero, kodi zinakuchititsani mantha? Kodi mungagwire misozi kapena kuchita chisoni? Kodi mtima wanu umawawa chifukwa cha iwo? Kodi mungamvebe kubuula kwakachetechete kwa awo amene ali pafupi kufa popanda kuwonedwa? Ngakhale tsopano lino, kodi mungaiwale mawonekedwe omvetsa chisoni a makanda omafa—aŵiri, atatu, ndi anayi ali m’kama? Ambiri a iwo ananyanyalidwa. Kuvutika kwawo ndi kufa zikuchitika chifukwa cha nthenda yowopsa yomwe tsopano ikukantha dziko—AIDS!

Malipoti ndi zithunzithunzi zenizeni zosonyezedwa pa wailesi yakanema m’dziko limodzi la ku Ulaya mu February 1990 linachititsa mantha gulu lopenyerera la mamiliyoni makumi ambirimbiri. Padziko lonse, mamiliyoni owonjezereka amaŵerenga za tsokali m’manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Magazini a Time anasimba kuti: “Chochitikacho m’chomvetsa chisoni ndi mantha. M’kama mmodzi pambuyo pa wina mumagona makanda ndi ana amene amawoneka ngati anthu okalamba, khungu lawo lokhwinyata, nkhope zawo zamafupa zimakhala ndi chizindikiro chosatsutsika cha kuyandikira kwa imfa.” Dokotala wina anadandaula kuti: “Njoipitsitsa kuposa china chirichonse chimene ndinawonapo. Mowonekeratu, uwu uli mliri wachaola woyambutsidwa ndi machitidwe azamankhwala.”

Kodi ziri tero motani? Mosiyana ndi makanda ambiri odwala AIDS obadwa ndi kachiromboko kuchokera kwa anakubala oyambukiridwa ndi AIDS, ana ameneŵa sanabadwe ali ndi HIV. Tsokalo linachitika atabadwa kale pamene ana obadwa chatsopano osalimba kapena obadwa masiku osakwanira anathiridwa mwazi ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti ukalimbitsa makanda ofookawo—chizoloŵezi chomwe chinatsutsidwa kale ndi ukatswiri wazamankhwala. “Munthu mmodzi wopereka mwazi wokhala ndi HIV angakhale anayambukiritsa ana 10, 12 kapena ochulukirapo,” anatero dokotala wina.

Dr. Jacques Lebas, pulezidenti wa gulu loyang’anira anthu la ku Paris la Doctors of the World anati: “Kwanthaŵi yoyamba m’mbiri ya AIDS, tikuyang’anizana ndi AIDS yakuubwana. Uli mliri wachaola.”

Mwachitsanzo, mu September 1990, kwanthaŵi yoyamba, WHO (World Health Organization) inatulutsa umboni wochititsa mantha umene unavumbula mliri wachaola wapadziko lonse wa AIDS mwa ana. WHO inasimba kuti mwinamwake kachirombo kamene kamayambitsa Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome kadzayambukira ana mamiliyoni khumi pofika chaka cha 2000. “Ambiri a ameneŵa adzakhala atadwala Aids ndikufa pofika chaka cha 2000,” anatero Dr. Michael Merson, mtsogoleri wa gulu la programu yadziko lonse ya AIDS. Mkati mwa mbali yomalizira ya 1990, mbali imodzi mwa zitatu ya matenda oyerekezeredwa a AIDS yotheratu 1.2 miliyoni akukhulupiriridwa kuti anachitika mwa ana osafika pamsinkhu wazaka zisanu.

Kodi nkodabwitsa kuti kufalikira kwa mliri wa AIDS kwatchedwa kwachaola? Pomafika kumapeto kwa 1992, pafupifupi makanda mamiliyoni anayi adzabadwa kwa anakubala oyambukiridwa ndi HIV. Ana anayi mwa asanu obadwa ndi kachiromboko adzadwala AIDS pofika tsiku lawo lobadwa lachisanu. Dr. Merson anauza msonkhano wa amtola nkhani ku Geneva kuti, iwo atadwala AIDS, kaŵirikaŵiri amafa m’chaka chimodzi kapena ziŵiri.

Akatswiri akulosera kuti padzakhala odwala AIDS 150,000 mwa akazi Achifirika okha mu 1992 ndi chiwonjezeko cha odwala 130,000 mwa ana Achifirika. Mu United States, makanda okwanira 20,000 panthaŵi ino angakhale anabadwa kwa akazi oyambukiridwa ndi HIV, inasimba motero WHO. Nyuzipepala ya Evening Post, ya ku Wellington, New Zealand, inasimba m’kope lake la July 12, 1989, kuti chiŵerengero chongoyerekezera cha achichepere okwanira 140,000 a ku Brazil ali ndi kachiromboko. “Koma otsutsa akunena kuti kuyerekezerako kungakhale kotsika,” linasimba motero pepalalo. “Ndikukhulupirira kuti gulu limeneli, ngati silipatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera, lidzakhala ngati bomba la atomu lophulitsidwira mumzinda,” anatero mtsogoleri wazamankhwala wa National Foundation for the Welfare of Minors. “Ilo liridi vuto lalikulu kwambiri,” anadandaula motero katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Brazil.

Mavutowo Akukulirakulirabe

Kodi pangakhale winawake amene sangayambukiridwe mwamalingaliro ndi tsoka la minkhole yopanda liŵongo imeneyi yomwe ikuvutika ndi mliri wakuphawu? Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani lipoti ili: “Ana osachepera pa 50 anaphedwa pakati pa Afirika—ena ndi makolo awo enieniwo—chifukwa chakuti anali ndi Aids, malingana ndi Red Cross ya ku Norway.” Ana ena Achifirika odwala AIDS akuthamangitsidwa m’nyumba zawo ndi mabanja othedwa nzeru m’kufuna kuthetsa kugwirizana kulikonse ndi nthenda yomwe iri yochititsa manyazi kuposa khate, inasimba motero Sunday Star, nyuzipepala ya ku Johannesburg, South Africa. “M’madera ena minkhole ya Aids ndi mabanja awo amaletsedwa kutunga madzi pachitsime ndi kupita ku tchalitchi,” linatero pepalalo.

Ziŵerengero zowonjezereka zochititsa mantha sizimasiya mpata wa kusadera nkhaŵa. Malipoti apadziko lonse akupatsa mlandu mliri wachaola wa AIDS kukhala chochititsa chachindunji cha tsoka lina. Ana mamiliyoni ambiri amene sanayambukiridwe ndi kachirombo ka AIDS adzakhala amasiye m’ma 1990. Chifukwa ninji? Makolo awo adzafa ndi AIDS. WHO ikuyerekezera kuti padzakhala ana amasiye mamiliyoni asanu padziko lonse pofika 1992. “Chiri chigumula chomwe chayamba kuchitika. Ndipo pokhapo ngati tikulingalira zopereka chisamaliro kwa ana opeza, tidzafunikira kumanga nyumba za ana amasiye zazikulu kwambiri,” anatero katswiri wina wa chisamaliro cha ana.

“Kupwetekako kuli pafupifupi kosalandirika,” anatero wogwira ntchito yosamalira banja lakutilakuti, pofotokoza banja lina la ku New York. “Amayi ngoyambukiridwa, atate ngoyambukiridwa, khandalo likudwala, makolowo ndi khandalo adzafa, ndipo adzasiya mnyamata wazaka 10 zakubadwa yemwe adzakhala wopanda banja lirilonse.”

Ndipo pomalizira, pali kufufuza kochititsa kakasi kwa Dr. Ernest Drucker wa pa Albert Einstein College of Medicine mu New York. “M’zotulukapo za imfa ya kholo, anawo kaŵirikaŵiri amadzipeza atagwidwa m’nkhondo yolimbirana ulamuliro pa mwana, akumathamangitsidwa kuchoka ku banja limodzi kupita ku lina pamene akuyesa kuphunzira kuvomereza ndi kulaka kutaikiridwa kwawo ndi manyazi ochititsidwa ndi AIDS.”

AIDS ikukhala imodzi ya zochititsa imfa zazikulu pakati pa ana ndi anthu achikulireko. Iyo ili chochititsa imfa chachikulu chachisanu ndi chinayi pakati pa ana a msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi kufika ku zinayi, ndipo chochititsa imfa chachikulu chachisanu ndi chiŵiri pakati pa azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 19 ndi anthu achikulireko a zaka zosafika 25. Kuchiyambi kwa m’ma 1990, AIDS ingakhale imodzi ya zochititsa imfa zazikulu zisanu, inasimba motero The AIDS/HIV Record, September 1989. Komabe, malipoti akusonyeza kusadera nkhaŵa kwa padziko lonse kwa othekera kukhala minkhole ya nthenda yowopsayi. Talingalirani mfundo zochititsa mantha m’nkhani yotsatira.