Mavuto Okhala m’Maseŵera Lerolino

ANTHU ankanenetsa kuti maseŵera anali aphindu chifukwa chakuti ankakulitsa umunthu wabwino. Iwo anati maseŵera anapititsa patsogolo chiyamikiro kaamba ka ntchito yolimba, ukatswiri, ndi kusangalala ndi maseŵera. Koma kwa ambiri lerolino, zigomeko zoterozo zimamveka zopanda pake, ngakhale zachinyengo.

Chigogomezero cha kupambana ndicho vuto lenileni. Magazini a Seventeen amachitcha kukhala “mbali yoipa ya maseŵera.” Chifukwa ninji? Kugwira mawu magaziniwo, chiri chifukwa chakuti, “kupambana kumafunidwa kuposa kuwona mtima, ntchito zakusukulu, thanzi, chimwemwe, ndi mbali zina zambiri zofunika za moyo. Kupambana kumakhala chinthu choyamba.”

Chokumana nacho cha Kathy Ormsby, ngwazi ya mpikisano wothamanga pa koleji ku United States, chinagwiritsiridwa ntchito kufotokoza mwafanizo zotulukapo zochititsa chisoni za kugogomezera chipambano mopambanitsa m’maseŵera olira nyonga. Pa June 4, 1986, pambuyo pa milungu ingapo yokhazikitsa cholembedwa cha chipambano mumpikisano wothamanga mamita 10,000 wa akazi apamakoleji adzikolo, Kathy anachoka panjira pamene ankatenga mbali mumpikisano wa ungwazi wa NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), nathamangira ku ulalo womwe unali pafupi, nalumpha kuyesa kudzipha. Iye anapulumuka, koma anafa ziŵalo kuchokera mchuuno mpaka kumapazi.

Scott Pengelly, katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe amachiritsa oseŵera maseŵera olira nyonga, ananena kuti Kathy sali yekha. Pambuyo pakuyesa kudzipha kwa Kathy, Pengelly anasimba kuti: “Ndinalandira mafoni omwe ananena kuti, ‘Ndikulingalira mmene Kathy amalingalirira.’” Mary Wazeter, woseŵera maseŵera olira nyonga wina, wa pa Yunivesite ya Georgetown, yemwe anakhazikitsa cholembedwa chakupambana mumpikisano wa amsinkhu umodzi wadzikolo wothamanga makilomita pafupifupi makumi aŵiri mphambu imodzi ndi theka, nayenso anayesa kudzipha mwakulumpha kuchokera paulalo ndipo anafa ziŵalo kwa moyo wake wonse.

Chitsenderezo cha kufuna kupambana, kukwaniritsa ziyembekezo, chingakhale chachikulu, ndipo zotulukapo za kulephera zingakhale zosakaza. Ngati Donnie Moore, katswiri woponya mpira wa baseball m’timu ya California Angels anachititsa womenya mpira wamtimu yolimbana nayo kumenya mpira kachiŵirinso, timu ya woponya mpirayo ikanakhala ndi phande mumpikisano wa baseball wa 1986 World Series. Koma womenya mpira wa timu ya ku Boston anagoletsa chigoli chomalizira, ndipo timu ya ku Boston inapambana maseŵerawo ndi ungwazi wa American League. Donnie, yemwe malinga ndi kunena kwa mabwenzi ake anapsinjika ndi kulephera kwake, anadzipha ndi mfuti.

Mzimu Wakupikisana Wopambanitsa

Vuto lofanana ndi chigogomezero cha kupambana m’maseŵera lerolino ndilo mzimu wakupikisana wopambanitsa. Sikuli konkitsa kunena kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, opikisanawo angasinthe kukhala anthu ankhalwe. Pamene Larry Holmes anali ngwazi yoposa yamaseŵera ankhonya, ananena kuti anasintha ataloŵa m’bwalo lankhonya. Iye anafotokoza kuti: “Ndinasiya ubwino wonse kunja kwa bwalo lankhonya ndi kuvala nkhalwe yeniyeni, kukhala ndi [maumunthu aŵiri osiyana, wabwino ndi woipa].” Oseŵera maseŵera olira nyonga amakhala ndi chisonkhezero chovutitsa chofuna kulepheretsa ena okhala ndi maluso ofanana.

“Uyenera kukhala ndi moto mkati mwako,” anatero nthaŵi ina yemwe kale anali wophunzitsa wa maseŵera a mpira, “ndipo palibe chimene chimaubutsa motowo monga momwe chidani chimachitira.” Ngakhale Ronald Reagan, yemwe kale anali prezidenti wa United States akunenedwa kukhala anauzapo timu ya mpira yapakoleji kuti: “Mukhoza kukhala ndi chidani chabwino pa yemwe mupikisana naye. Chidani chimakhala chopanda kanthu pamene mwavala malaya oseŵerera.” Koma kodi kulidi kwabwino kuyambitsa chidani pa wopikisana naye?

Bob Cousy, yemwe kale anali katswiri wa maseŵera a basketball wa timu ya Boston Celtics, nthaŵi ina anasimba za mbali yake yochingiriza wopikisana naye Dick Barnett, wodziŵa kwambiri kugoletsa wa timu ya Los Angeles Lakers, kuti asagoletse. “Ndinakhala m’chipinda changa kuchokera m’mawa kufikira usiku,” anatero Cousy. “Ndinali kungolingalira za Barnett, kusinkhasinkha njira imene ndingapikisanire naye ndipo kumbali ina kukulitsa chidani pa iye. Podzafika nthaŵi imene ndinaloŵa m’bwalo loseŵerera, ndinali wolunda kwakuti ngakhale ngati Barnett akanangoti ‘moni,’ ndikanamponda chidyali pakamwa.”

Chenicheni nchakuti, kaŵirikaŵiri oseŵera amayesa mwadala kupweteka opikisana nawo, ndipo amafupidwa chifukwa cha kuchita tero. Ira Berkow, wolemba nkhani zamaseŵera m’nyuzipepala, ananena kuti woseŵera mpira amene akhoza kuvulaza kotheratu woseŵera wa m’timu ina “amakupatiridwa [ndi anzake a m’timu] chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino imene waichita. Ngati iye anavulaza ambiri, . . . amafupidwa pamapeto a nyengo yamaseŵera ndi malipiro owonjezereka kapena, ngati ndi woseŵera wosakhala katswiri, amalandira ntchito yowonjezereka. Chotero oseŵera amanyadira maina awo opeka ofanana ndi mabaji okometsera ngati kuti iwo anali omamatizidwa ku zovala zawo, mofanana ndi Joe Greene Wankhanza, Jack Tatum (Wambanda),” ndi ena otero.—The New York Times, December 12, 1989.

Fred Heron, fulubaki wa timu ya mpira ya St. Louis, anasimba kuti: “Aphunzitsi a mpira anatiuza kuti wothandiza fulubaki wa timu ya mpira ya [Cleveland Browns] anali ndi khosi lovulala. Iwo anapereka lingaliro lakuti, ngati nditapeza mpata, ndiyenera kumchotsa m’maseŵerawo mwakumvulaza. Chotero mkati mwa maseŵerawo ndinathamanga kupyola mzera wa oseŵera apakati ndi akumbuyo, ndipo iye anali chiriri. Ndinayesa kumpotola khosi ndi mkono wanga, ndipo iye anautaya mpirawo. Mabwenzi a m’timu ananditama. Koma ndinayang’ana wothandiza fulubakiyo ali gone pansi akubinyuluka ndithu ndi ululu. Mwadzidzidzi ndinadzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi ndakhala chilombo? Aŵa ndimaseŵera chabe, koma ndikuyesa kulemaza winawake.’” Komabe, Heron ananena kuti: “Gulu la ochemerera linandikuwirira.”

Kuvulala kotuluka mumzimu wakupikisana wopambanitsa kwafotokozedwa ndi anthu ambiri kukhala vuto lalikulu lokhala m’maseŵera lerolino. Momvetsa chisoni, mamiliyoni ambiri ovulala amaphatikizapo ana omwe amaloŵetsedwa m’maseŵera ampikisano wopambanitsa kuchiyambi cha moyo wauchichepere. Malinga ndi kunena kwa U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, chaka chirichonse ana mamiliyoni anayi amachiritsidwa zironda za m’maseŵera m’zipinda za m’chipatala za ovulala ndipo chiŵerengero chongoyerekezera cha mamiliyoni asanu ndi atatu owonjezereka amachiritsidwa ndi asing’anga abanja.

Ana ambiri tsopano amavutika chifukwa choseŵera mopambanitsa ngakhale atavulala, zimene kunalibe zaka zapitazo. Pamene ana ankaseŵera kalelo kuti asanguluke, ankapita kunyumba pamene avulazidwa ndipo sankaseŵeranso mpaka chilondacho kapena kupweteka kutatha. Koma m’maseŵera olinganizidwa, okhala ndi mzimu wampikisano wopambanitsa, kaŵirikaŵiri ana amaseŵerabe, akumavulaza ziŵalo zathupi zokhala ndi zirondazo kapena zopweteka. Malinga ndi kunena kwa yemwe kale anali katswiri woponya mpira wa baseball Robin Roberts, achikulire ndiwo ochititsa enieni a vutolo. “Iwo amaika chitsenderezo chopambanitsa—chamaganizo ndi chakuthupi—pa ana pamene sali ofikapo kwenikweni kuchita maseŵerawo.”

Ndalama ndi Chinyengo

Vuto lina lokhala m’maseŵera ndilo lakuti ndalama zakhala nkhaŵa yaikulu. Umbombo tsopano ukulamulira maseŵera mmalo mwa ukatswiri ndi kuseŵera kwabwino. “Chomvetsa chisoni kunena nchakuti, kuseŵera kwabwino kunatheratu m’ma 1980,” anadandaula motero Jay Mariotti, mkonzi wa The Denver Post. “Maseŵerawo akuloŵa m’zaka za ma 90 monga chisonkhezero chachikulu m’makhalidwe athu, monga malonda aakulu modabwitsa opeza ndalama zosaŵerengeka (kwenikweni, $63.1 biliyoni [mamiliyoni chikwi chimodzi], malonda a 22 aakulu kopambana m’Amereka) amene nthaŵi zina amafotokozedwa bwinopo kukhala malonda achinyengo.”

Chaka chatha oseŵera m’magulu a baseball aakulu 162 ku United States—oposa mmodzi mwa asanu—anapeza ndalama zamadola zokwanira miliyoni imodzi aliyense, ndi zoposa pafupifupi madola mamiliyoni atatu monga malipiro apamwamba. Tsopano, chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, oseŵera oposa 120 adzalipiridwa ndalama zamadola zoposa mamiliyoni aŵiri aliyense, kuphatikizapo 32 omwe adzalandira madola oposa mamiliyoni atatu aliyense, ndipo osachepera pa mmodzi adzalandira madola oposa mamiliyoni asanu chaka chirichonse, kuyambira 1992 mpaka 1995! Mliri wofuna ndalama ndi malipiro apamwamba wakhala wowanda ngakhale m’maseŵera ena.

Ngakhale m’maseŵera apakoleji, chigogomezero chachikulu chiri pa ndalama. Aphunzitsi a matimu omwe amapambana amafupidwa mochititsa kaso, kulandira ndalama zamadola zokwanira miliyoni imodzi pachaka monga malipiro ndi ndalama zolandiridwa kaamba ka kuvomereza zinthu zopangidwa ndi amalonda ndi mautumiki awo kwa anthu. Sukulu zomwe matimu ake amayeneretsedwa kuseŵera mpira wapakutha kwa chaka pakati pa matimu osankhidwa ku United States zimalandira madola mamiliyoni ambirimbiri—mamiliyoni 55 m’chaka chaposachedwapa. “Matimu apakoleji a mpira ndi basketball ayenera kupeza ndalama,” anafotokoza motero John Slaughter, mkulu wakoleji, “ndipo ayenera kupambana kuti apeze ndalamazo.” Zimenezi zimatulukapo zungulirezungulire woipitsitsa mmene kupambana kumakhala nkhaŵa yaikulu—yokhala ndi zotulukapo zosakaza.

Popeza kuti ntchito za akatswiri oseŵera mpira zimadalira pa kupambana, iwo amachita zirizonse zomwe angathe kuti apambane. “Salinso maseŵera,” akutero Rusty Staub, katswiri wakale wa maseŵera a baseball. “Iwo ali malonda akuthupi oipitsitsa.” Chinyengo nchofala. “Ngati suchita chinyengo, ndiko kuti sukuyesa kupambana,” anatero Chili Davis, woseŵera mpira wa baseball. “Umachita zomwe ungathe popanda kugwidwa,” anatero Howard Johnson, yemwenso amaseŵera mpira wa baseball m’timu ya New York Mets.

Chotero mphamvu yamakhalidwe abwino imaluluzidwa, ndipo limenelinso liri vuto lalikulu m’maseŵera apakoleji. “Aphunzitsi ena ndi oyang’anira maseŵera olira nyonga amachita chinyengo pamene kuli kwakuti akulu ndi oyang’anira amachinyalanyaza mwadala,” anavomereza motero Harold L. Enarson, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa Ohio State University. M’chaka chaposachedwapa, mayunivesite 21 ku United States anazengedwa mlandu wakuswa malamulo m’maseŵera ndi National Collegiate Athletic Association, ndipo mayunivesite ena 28 anali kufufuzidwa.

Nzosadabwitsa kuti makhalidwe abwino a oseŵera achichepere amaonongedwa, lomwenso liri vuto lina lalikulu lokhala m’maseŵera lerolino. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala amangolomera m’maseŵera olira nyonga kuli kofala, koma kupeza maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri sikuli tero. Kupenda kwakukulu kumatsimikizira kuti oseŵera apamakoleji okhala ndi ndandanda yaikulu yamaseŵera olira nyonga amathera nthaŵi yochuluka akuseŵera maseŵera awo mkati mwa magawo akuphunzira koposa imene amathera m’kukonzekera ndi kupezeka m’kalasi. Kupenda kwina kwa boma kunavumbula kuti osakwanira pa mmodzi mwa asanu okha ndiwo amamaliza maphunziro m’chigawo chimodzi cha makoleji onse a ku Amereka ndi mayunivesite okhala ndi maprogramu ambiri a basketball a amuna.

Ngakhale ophunzira angapo ochita maseŵera olira nyonga amene pomalizira pake amapambana m’maseŵera aukatswiri ndi kupeza malipiro abwino kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala akatswiri otchuka amaseŵera okhala ndi tsoka. Iwo sakhoza kusamalira bwino ndalama zawo ndi kuyang’anizana ndi moyo monga momwe uliri. Travis Williams yemwe anamwalira m’February yathayi pa msinkhu wa zaka 45 muumphaŵi wopanda nyumba ali chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Mu 1967, pamene ankaseŵera m’timu ya mpira ya Green Bay Packers, anakhazikitsa cholembedwa chomapitirizabe cha ku United States cha mpira waukatswiri cha chiŵerengero cha unyinji wa nthaŵi imene anathamangira ku timu lotsutsana nalo pambuyo pa kuŵakha mpira utamenyedwa, avareji ya mamita 37.6. Iye panthaŵi ina anasimba kuti pamene anali pakoleji “sankapita m’kalasi. Anali kungowonekera kaamba ka kuyeseza maseŵerawo.”

Mavuto Ofanana a Ochemerera

Lerolino anthu amathera nthaŵi yowonjezereka akumapenyerera maseŵera koposa imene amathera m’kuwaseŵera, ndipo mavuto aakulu atulukapo. Chenicheni nchakuti, kupita ku maseŵera kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo kuwonetsedwa ku mkhalidwe wonyansa ndipo ngakhale wachiwawa wa ochemerera ena. Ndewu nzofala m’mabwalo ena amaseŵera m’mene muli malingaliro omwerekera, ndipo mazana ambiri avulazidwa ndi ena kuphedwa popezekapo.

Koma lerolino ochemerera ambiri samakhalapo iwo eni pa maseŵera; iwo amawawonerera pa wailesi yakanema. Ku United States, siteshoni yamaola 24 ya wailesi yakanema yofalitsa maseŵera imathera nthaŵi yochuluka m’nkhani zatsiku ndi tsiku za maseŵera koposa imene masiteshoni aakulu amathera m’nkhani za nyuzi! Koma kodi kupenyerera maseŵera kwawekha m’nyumba kuli kopanda mavuto?

Kutalitali. “Kwa zaka zambiri mwamuna wanga wadziŵa katswiri aliyense wamaseŵera,” akufotokoza motero mkazi wina, “ndipo iye sali yekha. Iye ali ndi mabwenzi oŵerengeka okha amene samawonerera maseŵera mokhazikika. Upandu waukulu woloŵetsedwa m’machitachita ameneŵa ndiwo chisonkhezero chomwe akhala nacho pa ana,” mkaziyo akutero. Iye akuwonjezera kuti: “Ndimanyansidwa kuti mwamuna wanga amagwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi yake yaumwini kuwonerera maseŵera popanda kundilingalira ine ndi ana.”

Kodi wodandaula motero ndiyekhayu? Kutalitali. Kuzungulira mbali yaikulu ya dziko m’mabanja ambiri, muli ziŵalo zabanja zomwe zimathera nthaŵi yochuluka koposa zikuwonerera maseŵera pa wailesi yakanema komwe kumatulukapo kunyalanyaza ziŵalo zina zabanja. Mkazi wina wokwatiwa wa ku Brazil akusonyeza zotulukapo zangozi kuti: “Chikondi ndi chidaliro zokhala pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi zingaluluzike mwapang’onopang’ono, zikumaika ukwati wawo pachiswe.”

Okonda maseŵera kaŵirikaŵiri alinso osalinganizika m’njira zina. Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga oseŵera kukhala fano, kumene oseŵera ena amawona kukhala vuto. “Pamene ndinaloŵa m’mudzi wakwathu, anthu anaima chiriri ndi kundiyang’ana dwii ngati kuti anali kuyembekezera madalitso kuchokera kwa Papa,” anatero Boris Becker, katswiri wa maseŵera a tenesi wa ku Jeremani. “Pamene ndinayang’ana maso a ondichemerera anga . . . ndinalingalira kuti ndinkayang’ana zidoli. Maso awo anali otong’oka ndi opanda umoyo.”

Palibe kukaikira kuti, maseŵera angakhale mphamvu yokoka imene imapanga kusanguluka ndi kukhulupirika kolimba kulinga kwa wina. Anthu amakondweretsedwa osati kokha ndi kugwirira pamodzi monga gulu kwa oseŵera ndi maluso komanso ndi kusatsimikizirika kwa mapeto a maseŵerawo. Amafuna kudziŵa amene adzapambana. Ndiponso, maseŵera amapereka kusanguluka kwa mamiliyoni ambiri kosiyana ndi zimene zingakhale moyo wosasanguluka kwa iwo.

Komabe, kodi maseŵera angadzetsere anthu chimwemwe? Kodi pali mapindu alionse amene iwo angapereke? Ndipo kodi ndimotani mmene mungapeŵere mavuto ogwirizana nawo?

[Bokosi patsamba 23]

Chipembedzo cha Maseŵera

Tom Sinclair-Faulkner wa ku Canada ananenetsa kuti “hockey yoseŵerera m’madzi owundana siiri maseŵera wamba m’Canada: iyo yakhala chipembedzo kwa ambiri.” Zimenezi zimasonyezedwa ndi kaimidwe kamaganizo kosonyezedwa ndi okonda maseŵera ochuluka, mosasamala kanthu za kumene iwo amakhala.

Mwachitsanzo, maseŵera ku United States atchedwa “chipembedzo chovomerezedwa chaunyinji.” David Cox, katswiri wa zamaganizo m’maseŵera, ananena kuti “pali kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa maseŵera ndi mamasuliridwe a liwu lakuti chipembedzo m’bukhu lomasulira mawu.” Bambo Cox anawonjezera kuti: “Anthu [ena] amachitira oseŵera maseŵera olira nyonga ngati kuti anali milungu kapena oyera mtima.”

Okonda maseŵera omwerekera amakhala odzimana kwakukulukulu, akumathera nthaŵi ndi ndalama zawo kumaseŵera, komwe kaŵirikaŵiri kumavutitsa mabanja awo. Ochemerera amathera maola osaŵerengeka kuwonerera maseŵera pa wailesi yakanema. Iwo amavala zovala zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a timu yawo ndipo amasonyeza poyera zizindikiro zamaseŵera. Iwo amaimba nyimbo mwamphamvu ndi kufuula zitamando zomwe zimaŵadziŵikitsa kukhala odzipereka ku maseŵera awo.

Oseŵera maseŵera olira nyonga ambiri amapemphereradi dalitso la Mulungu maseŵerawo asanayambe ndi kugwada kuti apereke pemphero lachiyamikiro atamwetsa chigoli. M’maseŵera Olimbanira Chikho Chadziko Lonse mu 1986, katswiri wina wampira wachitanyu wa ku Argentina anakhulupirira kuti chigoli chake chinali chotulukapo cha dalitso la Mulungu. Ndipo mofanana ndi opembedza ena, okonda maseŵera omwerekera atchedwadi “osafuna kusintha zikhulupiriro.” Mzimu wakudzipereka komwerekeretsa umenewu watulukapo ndewu zokhathamira ndi mwazi, nthaŵi zina zakupha, zapakati pa ochemerera a matimu omalimbanawo.

Mofanana ndi chipembedzo chonyenga, “chipembedzo chaunyinji” cha maseŵera chimapereka “oyera mtima,” miyambo, zikumbukiro, ndi madzoma kwa otsatira ake okangalika koma sichimapereka tanthauzo lenileni lokhalitsa ku miyoyo yawo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 21]

Oseŵera amavulazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri

[Chithunzi patsamba 22]

Kuwonerera maseŵera pa TV kungachititse kugaŵanikana kwabanja