Chiwonjezeko Chodabwitsa

MBONI ZA YEHOVA sizinakhalepo chiwopsezo ku maulamuliro andale zadziko m’maiko amene zimakhala, ndipo anthu tsopano akuzindikira chimenechi. Pothirira ndemanga pa umodzi wa misonkhano ya chilimwe chatha mu Soviet Union, nyuzipepala ya Krasnoyarskiy Komsomolets inati: “Ochirikiza malingaliro azandale ndi zachuma m’dziko lathu pomalizira pake anazindikira kuti anthu a Yehova samadodometsa konse lamulo lachitaganya ndi bata.”

Mofananamo, nyuzipepala ya Soviet Union ya Vostochno-Sibirskaya Pravda inasimba kuti: “Popeza kuti gulu la Mboni za Yehova nlachipembedzo kotheratu, silimatenga mbali m’kulimbana kwa ndale zadziko ndipo silimalimbikitsa ziŵalo zake kuchirikiza mbali iriyonse yandale, koma limachirikiza ukumu wa Baibulo ndi Mkonzi wake, Yehova Mulungu.”

Chiwonjezeko m’Zaka Zoyambirira

Kwazaka makumi ambiri Mboni za Yehova zakhala zokangalika Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu. Pofika kumapeto kwa ma 1930, Romania anali nazo kale zoposa zikwi ziŵiri, Poland chikwi chimodzi, ndipo Chekosolovakiya ndi Hungary mazanamazana, ndipo munali zingapo m’Yugoslavia. Ngakhale kuti Soviet Union wamkuluyo anali ndi chiŵerengero chochepa, chinadzasintha muusiku umodzi.

Katswiri wina wa nkhani za Soviet Union, Walter Kolarz, ananena m’bukhu lake lakuti Religion in the Soviet Union kuti Mboni zina zinaloŵa mu Russia “kupyolera m’maiko olandidwa ndi Soviet Union mu 1939-40, kumene kunali timagulu tating’ono koma tokangalika kwambiri ta Mboni za Yehova.” Motero, Mboni zokhala kumbali za kum’maŵa kwa Poland, Chekosolovakiya, ndi Romania zinadzipeza mwadzidzidzi kukhala zitasamutsidwira, muusiku umodzi, titero kunena kwake, ku Soviet Union!

Njira ina yodabwitsa imene Mboni za Yehova zinaloŵera mu Soviet Union inali kupyolera m’misasa yachibalo ya ku Jeremani. Zinali choncho motani? Eya, mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko ya II, akaidi Achirussia anadzipeza m’misasa imeneyi pamodzi ndi zikwi zambiri za Mboni Zachijeremani. Ajeremaniwo anaponyedwa m’ndende chifukwa anasunga kaimidwe kotsimikizirika ka uchete Wachikristu. (Yohane 17:16; 18:36) Anasankha kuvutika ndi kufa mmalo mwa kuswa malamulo a Mulungu mwakuloŵa m’magulu ankhondo a Hitler ndipo motero kukhala ndi liŵongo lakupha Akristu anzawo m’maiko ena kapena ngakhale lakupha munthu aliyense.—1 Yohane 3:10-12.

Motero, monga momwe Kolarz analembera, “misasa yachibalo ya Jeremani, ngakhale kuti zingamveke kukhala zosakhulupiririka, inali imodzi ya njira zimene uthenga wa Mboni za Yehova unadzera ku Russia. Unabweretsedwa komweko ndi akaidi Achirussia omwe anamangidwa ku Jeremani kumene anakhumbira kulimba mtima ndi kuchirimika kwa ‘Mbonizo’ ndipo mwachiwonekere pachifukwa chimenecho anapeza chiphunzitso chawo kukhala chokopa.” Mumsasa wa akazi wa Ravensbrück, achichepere ambiri Achirussia anasimbidwa kukhala atalandira uthenga wa Baibulo wolengezedwa ndi Mboni za Yehova.

Pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, akaidi ochokera ku maiko a Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu amene anakhala Mboni za Yehova anabwerera kwawo. Kumeneko anaphunzitsa mwachangu kuti ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Mulungu ndiwo chiyembekezo chokha cha mtendere wachikhalire. Motero, chiŵerengero cha Mboni Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu chinawonjezereka modabwitsa. Pofika April 1946, munali olalikira oposa zikwi zinayi mu Soviet Union, ndipo chiŵerengerochi chinawonjezereka mofulumira kuŵirikiza kaŵiri. Mu September 1946, Mboni ku Romania zinachita msonkhano m’Bucharest kumene kunapezeka anthu pafupifupi 15,000.

Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, Nkhondo Yoputana ndi Mawu inayamba, ndipo imeneyi inathetsa kuyenderana ndi kulankhulana pakati pa Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu ndi Kumadzulo. Ndiponso, maulamuliro atsopano a Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu anayamba kutsutsa Mboni za Yehova. Momvetsa chisoni, anawona Mboni monga chiwopsezo, ndipo zambiri zinaponyedwa m’ndende. Mosasamala kanthu za zimenezo, pofika 1951, Chekosolovakiya anali ndi Mboni zokangalika zokwanira 3,705; Hungary, 2,583; Yugoslavia, 617; ndi Poland zoposa 15,000.

Zinatsutsidwa, Komabe Chiwonjezeko Chinapitirizabe

Mu 1967, Maurice Hindus analemba ponena za Mboni za Yehova m’bukhu lake lakuti The Kremlin’s Human Dilemma. Zimene ananena zinakhudza Mboni za mu Soviet Union pamodzi ndi mbali zina za Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu. “Ngakhale kuti zimagwira ntchito mobisa, zimalondoledwa ndi kupatsidwa zilango zazikulu zakuikidwa m’ndende. Koma sizimaleka. Zikaponderezedwa pamalo amodzi, zimamvekeranso kumalo ena . . . Zimawonekera kukhala zosatheka kuwonongedwa mofanana ndi polisi ya Soviet Union.”

M’ngululu ya 1951, Mboni za Yehova mu Soviet Union zinalandira nkhonya yowopsa. Zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziŵiri m’malipabuliki a ku Yuropu a Soviet Union zinagwidwa ndi kutengeredwa kundende zamisasa kumadera akutali a dzikolo, kuphatikizapo Siberia ndi Vorkuta, kumpoto kwenikweni. Kodi chotulukapo chinali chotani?

“Ameneŵa sanali mapeto a ‘Mboni’ mu Russia,” anatero Kolarz, “koma chinali kokha chiyambi cha gawo lawo latsopano la ntchito yotembenuza anthu. Zinayesadi kuwanditsa chikhulupiriro chawo pamene zinaima pamasiteshoni asitima popita kundende. Powathamangitsa m’dzikomo Boma la Soviet Union silikanachita kalikonse kuletsa kufalitsidwa kwa chikhulupiriro chawo. Kuchokera m’mudzi wawo wobindikira ‘Mbonizo’ zinabweretsedwa m’gawo lokulirapo, ngakhale kuti limeneli linali kokha gawo loipa la ndende zachibalo ndi zaukapolo.”

Mkati ndi Kunja kwa Ndende

Monga momwedi Akristu a m’zaka za zana loyamba anapitiriza kulalikira mosalekeza pozunzidwa, Mboni za Yehova zinateronso mu Soviet Union. (Machitidwe 5:42) Helene Celmina, nzika ya Latvia yomangidwa chifukwa cha maupandu ongoyerekezera, akunena kuti m’chigawo cha msasa wolangira wa Potma kumene anasungidwa kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1966, munali akaidi ena pafupifupi 350. “Pafupifupi theka lawo anali Mboni za Yehova,” iye anatero. M’bukhu lake lakuti Women in Soviet Prisons, Celmina analemba zimene anawona m’misasayo motere:

“Mabuku ochokera ku Brooklyn amalandiridwa nthaŵi zonse, mumkhalidwe wabwino ndi chiŵerengero chochuluka mwa njira zosaloleka ndi zolinganizidwa bwino . . . Palibe aliyense amene akhoza kumvetsetsa mmene mabuku oletsedwa analoŵera m’mudziwu wotchingidwa ndi waya waminga ndi wofikiridwa ndi anthu oŵerengeka—makamaka ochokera ku United States! Mboni za Yehova zambiri zinalandira chilango cha zaka khumi zogwira ntchito yakalavulagaga kokha chifukwa chokhala ndi makope oŵerengeka a magazini a Nsanja ya Olonda m’zipinda zawo. Popeza kuti anthu amagwidwa kaamba kopezedwa ndi zolembedwazi, nkhaŵa ndi kuthedwa nzeru kwa oyang’anira malowa ponena za kukhalapo kwa mabukuwa m’msasawu nzomveka.”

Pokhala ndi chithandizo cha Yehova, palibe chirichonse chimene chikaimitsa kugaŵiridwa kwa chakudya chauzimu chimenechi! Celmina anati: “Palibe amene watulukira njira imene [Nsanja ya Olonda] imaloŵera mumsasawu. Ndiiko komwe, pambuyo popezeka ndi mlandu, mkaidi aliyense amavulidwa zovala zonse ndi kufufuzidwa kotheratu. Mkaidi aliyense atafika kumsasa amafufuzidwa mosamala kachiŵirinso, kusanthulidwa kotheratu, titero kunena kwake. Masutikesi amagubidizidwa kuwona ngati angakhale ndi zapansi ziŵiri. Palibe mlendo amene amaloledwa kuloŵa m’msasa popanda chifukwa chabwino. Pamene akaidi ena amatulutsidwa kunja kwa msasa kukagwira ntchito m’minda, amazingidwa ndi alonda onyamula mfuti ndipo aliyense saloledwa kuwafikira. Kufufuza mkaidi aliyense mosamala kumachitidwa iwo atabwerera kumsasa madzulo. Koma mosasamala kanthu za kufufuzaku, mabuku ochokera ku Brooklyn amafikira oŵerenga awo.”

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Akristu olimba kunja kwa ndende zamisasa za Soviet Union anapitirizabe ulaliki wawo wapoyera ndi ntchito yakuphunzitsa. Zimenezi zinawonekera m’zofalitsidwa ndi makanema amene anatulutsidwa poyesa kutsutsa uminisitala wawo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu oyamba a bukhu lakuti The Truths About Jehovah’s Witnesses limene linafalitsidwa mu 1978 anafotokoza kuti cholinga chake chinali “kuchititsa maphunziro akusakhalako kwa Mulungu pakati pa otsatira gulu lachipembedzo limeneli.”

V. V. Konik, mkonzi wa bukhulo, ananena kuti Mboni za Yehova zimakhala ndi nkhani yapoyera mobwerezabwereza pamaliro awo ndi mapwando aukwati. “Mwachitsanzo, mu August 1973, m’mudzi wa Krasnaya Polyana, dera la Krasnodarskiy, munali ukwati wa ziŵalo ziŵiri za gululi, kumene kunapezeka anthu pafupifupi 500. Alaliki asanu ndi mmodzi anakamba nkhani kwa gululo, ndipo nkhani zawo zinaperekedwa mwakugwiritsira ntchito zokuzira mawu. Kenako drama inaseŵeredwa kusonyeza mmene Mboni za Yehova zimachitira kukambitsirana ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina ndi osakhulupirira kukhalako kwa Mulungu.”

Inde, mosasamala kanthu za chiletso choikidwa pantchito yawo, Mboni za Yehova Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu konse zinapitirizabe mwachangu kulalikira mbiri yabwino ya Ufumu wa Mulungu kumvera lamulo laulosi la Kristu. (Mateyu 24:14) Pomalizira pake, mu May ndi June 1989, Mboni za Yehova zinavomerezedwa mwalamulo ku Poland ndi Hungary, mu April 1990 ku Romania, mu March 1991 ku Soviet Union, ndi ku Bulgaria mu July 1991. Ndipo ntchito yawo ikuchitidwa popanda chiletso ku Chekosolovakiya.

Osonkhana Achimwemwe

Pokhala mutadziŵa mbiri yakaleyi, mwina mukhoza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake zikwi makumi ambirimbiri za nthumwi za misonkhano Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu zinasangalala—kulira, kukupatirana, kuwomba m’manja, ndi kuzunguzirana manja m’mabwalo amaseŵera.

Misonkhano ku Budapest, Prague, ndi Zagreb inatchedwa “misonkhano yamitundu yonse,” ndipo makonzedwe apadera anapangidwa kupeza malo ogona nthumwi zikwi makumi ambirimbiri zochokera ku maiko ena. Mu Soviet Union, misonkhano inachitidwira m’mizinda isanu ndi iŵiri ndi opezekako okwanira 74,252; Poland anali ndi okwanira 131,554 pamisonkhano yake 12; ndipo 34,808 anapezeka pamisonkhano 8 ku Romania. Ngakhale kuti Mboni sizinakhoze kuchitira msonkhano m’Bulgaria, pafupifupi mazana atatu zochokera komweko zinadutsa malire kupita ku Thessalonica, Grisi, kumene anali ndi programu m’chinenero chawochawo.

Kukonzekerera ndi kuchereza nthumwi zikwi zambiri sinali nkhani yokhweka kwa Mboni za Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu. Tangolingalirani: Mu Soviet Union, simunachitikepo misonkhano yoteroyo! Ndipo kusangulutsa alendo zikwi makumi ambirimbiri, monga momwe zinachitira Mboni ku Budapest ndi Prague, inali ntchito yaikulu yosakhulupiririka. Ndiponso, tangoyerekezerani kuchitira msonkhano m’Zagreb pamene chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni chinali kukula ndi kuphulika kunali kumveka patali!

Ndithudi, mudzasangalala kuŵerenga lipoti lotsatira lonena za misonkhano imeneyi.

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