Kulotera—Kodi Nkwausayansi Kapena Matsenga?

“ZODABWITSA!” anadzuma motero mlimi wa ng’ombe za mkaka wa ku Midwestern United States. Kanthambi kotepa ka mtengo wa pichesi kanali kunjenjemera ndi kupotoloka kwambiri m’manja mwake. Iye anatsinitsa khungwa ndi zala kuti kanthambiko kasayendeyende, koma mphamvu yokakokera pansi inali yaikulu. “Kanasiyadi timakungwa m’manja mwanga,” anatero mwakakasi ndi mantha. Iye anadabwa kwambirinso pambuyo pake pamene anapeza madzi mwa kukumba pamalo enieniwo amene kanthambiko kanasonyapo. Kodi chinali kuchitika pamenepa nchiyani?

Mlimiyo anali kuchita chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimatchedwa kulotera, kuchita ufiti wa kupeza madzi, kapena kupenduzira madzi. Kaŵirikaŵiri, woloterayo amagwira nthambi yokhala ndi mphanda m’manja mwake namayendayenda mopapasira chauku ndi uku, akumasumika maganizo ake pakufunafuna pamene pali madzi. Mwadzidzidzi, ndodo yake yoloterayo ingayambe kuphiriphitha. Ndodo zina zimanjenjemera mokokera pansi, zina zimathyoka ndi kudumpha, zikumamenyadi kumaso kapena pamtima pa woloterayo, pamene kuli kwakuti zina zimangoyenda pang’ono. Mulimonse mmene zilili, woloterayo amamva kuti pansi pa nthakayo pali madzi. Kulotera madzi kumachitidwa kuzungulira dziko lonse. Malinga nkuyerekezera kwina, anthu olotera pafupifupi 25,000 amachita ntchito yawo mu United States mokha.

Kodi Nkwausayansi?

Kodi pali lamulo lina lasayansi limene limapangitsa kulotera kugwira ntchito? Funso limeneli labutsa mkangano kwanthaŵi yaitali. Kwazaka zoposa 70 zapitazo, magazini a Nsanja ya Olonda anafotokoza motere: “Sitikufuna kukhala ndi mkhalidwe wa maganizo wa kunyalanyaza malamulo alionse achilengedwe, koma kukuonekera kukhala kwachilendo kuti madzi ochepa okhala pansi m’nthaka [mamita asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi] angakhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira kukoka ndi kupinda kamtengo kotepa koma kolimba pamene kuli kwakuti dziwe lodzala madzi silingathe kuchita zofananazo kukamtengoko. . . . Chifukwa chake payenera kukhala kanthu kena kosakhala malamulo achilengedwe.”

Komabe, olotera ambiri amaumirira kunena kuti kulotera kuli sayansi. Kwenikweni, gulu la olotera lotchedwa The American Society of Dowsers limadzitcha “Sosaite ya maphunziro ndi yausayansi, yosachita phindu.” Kwazaka zambiri, asayansi ambiri apempha asayansi ena atsopano kuti afufuze ndi kufotokoza kulotera. M’ma 1700 kunafotokozedwa kuti “zotuluka” m’zidutswa za atom ndizo zimene zinachititsa kulotera kugwira ntchito. M’ma 1800 kunafotokozedwa kuti magetsi ndiwo amene anachititsa. M’zaka za zana lathu lino zochititsazo zasimbidwa kukhala zikuyambira pa mphamvu yokoka mpaka kudzafika kumphamvu ya magetsi yokoka ndiyeno mkhalidwe wa maganizo aumunthu.

Posachedwapa, mu 1979, magazini ena otchuka otchedwa New Scientist anafalitsa nthanthi zimene zinaonekera kukhala zikutamanda kulotera. Katswiri wodziŵa za nyonga ndi malo anapereka malingaliro akuti thupi la munthu lenilenilo lingakhale ndi mphamvu ya kuzindikira msanga kwambiri masinthidwe ovuta kudziŵa a mphamvu ya magetsi, magineti, kapena a mphamvu ya magetsi yokoka ochititsidwa ndi madzi okhala pansi pa nthaka kapena mtapo.a

Koma nthanthi zoterozo sizinavomerezedwe kwambiri pakati pa asayansi. Kwenikweni, mu The Encyclopedia Americana, asayansi a Yunivesite ya Harvard E. Z. Vogt ndi L. K. Barrett akutsutsa mchitidwe wa kulotera motere: “Zopimidwa za m’malo ndi za m’chipinda chofufuzira zalephera kukhazikitsa kuvomerezeka kwa kulotera, ndipo poyerekezera ndi miyezo yasayansi mchitidwewo ulibe maziko okwanira enieni.” Mu November 1990, olotera anapereka zinthu zoyesedwa 720 ku Kassel, Germany. Ngakhale kuti anali okondwa ndi mikhalidwe ya zopimirazo ndipo anali ndi chidaliro kuti adzapambana, oloterawo analephera; iwo anangokhala ndi zipambano zosatsimikizirika m’kutumba madzi okhala pansi pa nthaka ndi zitsulo. Magazini otuluka mwezi ndi mwezi otchedwa Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau ananena kuti pamene kuyerekezeredwa mwausayansi, kulotera “nkosatsimikizirika monga momwe khobili loponyedwa m’mwamba silimadziŵikira kuti ndimbali iti imene lidzagwera.” Mapendedwe ena otero afikira pamfundo yofananayo.

Olotera amafotokoza kulephera kotero m’njira zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, ena amanena modandaula kuti kupendako kumawachititsa kuyamba kukayikira kukhoza kwawo kapena kumawachititsa kulotera zolinga zosayenera kapena zosafunika kwambiri. Iwo amanena kuti zimenezo, zimawapangitsa kutaya mphamvu zawo kwakanthaŵi. Kwenikweni, olotera angapo apeza kuti pambuyo pa kulotera mwachipambano kwanthaŵi ya moyo wonse mphamvu yawo imadzalephera kapena kuwanyenga panthaŵi imodzi yokha—pamene amafunadi kusonyeza kuti mphamvu yawo ili yeniyeni. Chifukwa chake ena amanena kuti mphamvu imene imachititsa kulotera ili ndi mchitidwe woseketsa woluluza.

Kodi zimenezi zikumvekera kukhala zasayansi kwa inu? Ndi iko komwe, nyonga zachilengedwe (zija zimene zikhoza kupimidwa ndi njira zodziŵika ndi asayansi) zilibe mchitidwe woseketsa, woluluza kapena kanthu kena; ndiponso sizili zosinthasintha. Zimagwira ntchito mosasintha. Sizimasintha mogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe, maganizo, kapena zolinga za awo amene akuziyesa kapena kuzipima. Motero, kwa asayansi ochuluka kulotera ndiko kukhulupirira malaulo—osati kanthu kena. Kwenikweni, ngakhale olotera odziŵika avomereza kuti palibe nyonga imene ili yodziŵika ndi asayansi imene imachititsa kulotera.

Kodi Ndiko Chinyengo?

Koma kodi kusoŵeka kwa umboni wa sayansi kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti zochitika zonse zosimbidwa za chipambano cha kulotera zangokhala zinthu zapadera zochitika mwamwaŵi kapena chinyengo chenicheni? Bwanji nanga za chokumana nacho cha mlimi wotchulidwa poyambayo—kodi unangokhala mwaŵi wake, kapena chochitika china chapadera?

Kwenikweni, m’kulotera mwatuluka nkhani zotsimikizirika bwino lomwe zosaŵerengeka. Mwachitsanzo, mkazi wina mu Vermont anaitana wolotera pamene madzi analeka kufika panyumba pake. Mwachionekere mpope wautali wa madzi wochokera kukasupe wakutali ndi kuloŵa m’nyumbamo unabooka. Mkaziyo sanadziŵe pamene mpopewo unali—popeza unakwiriridwa zaka 30 zapitazo—sanadziŵenso ngakhale malo ake obooka. Koma woloterayo anafunsa m’maganizo ndodo yakeyo, ndipo inayamba kugogoda pamalo ena. Pamene anakumba masentimita 15 pamalopo, mpope wakukha madziwo unapezedwa.

Mwinamwake nkhani yotchuka koposa njonena za wolotera wina wa ku America Henry Gross. Akatswiri odziŵa za miyala anali otsimikizira kuti madzi abwino sangapezeke pansi pa nthaka ku Bermuda. The Saturday Evening Post inasimba kuti: “Gross anafunyulula mapu a Bermuda m’nyumba ya [wolemba mabuku anthano Kenneth] Roberts ku Kennebunkport, Maine, pamene anayendetsapo ndodo yake yopenduzira, anaika zizindikiro pamalo atatu pamene panali madzi . . . Kuti atsimikizire za zopeza zakezo, Gross ndi Roberts anauluka ndi ndege kumka ku Bermuda, nachonderera boma kuti lipereke ziŵiya zokumbira zitsime, namka kuntchitoyo. Miyezi yoŵerengeka pambuyo pake, mu April 1950, zitsime zonse zitatu zinatulutsadi madzi abwino monga momwe Gross anali atanenera.”

Anthu olotera amati atumba zitsime za madzi zikwi zambiri. Amtolankhani atsagana limodzi ndi oloterawo, aona ndodo zawo zikumanjenjemera mwamphamvu kwakuti manja a woloterayo anachita matuza, ndipo amva olotera akumaneneratu za kuya kwa madzi amene ali pansi panthaka. Aona zitsime zikukumbidwa ndiponso zonenedweratuzo zikumachitika. Pamene kuli kwakuti sayansi singathe kupereka zifukwa zoyenera ponena za kugwira ntchito kwa chochitika chimenechi, icho chimachitikadi—kwa anthu ena, nthaŵi zina. Chifukwa ninji?

Mbiri Yopereka Chidziŵitso

Mbiri yonena za kulotera imavumbula zambiri munkhaniyi. Mchitidwewo ungakhale utakhalako kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Koma pamene sing’anga wa m’zaka za zana la 16 Georgius Agricola analemba buku lake losimba za kukumba migodi, lotchedwa De Re Metallica, kuti tsatanetsatane wa mafotokozedwe a kulotera analembedwa. Okumba m’migodi a ku Germany anali kugwiritsira ntchito mchitidwewo kuti apeze mikwamba ya mtapo. Komabe ngakhale panthaŵiyo, panali mkangano wakuti kaya kulotera kunali kogwirizana ndi chilengedwe kapena chochitika cha matsenga. Agricola ananena kuti anthu ena anakana mchitidwewo, popeza kuti “nthambizo [ndodo zolotera] sizingaphiriphithe m’manja mwa aliyense, koma kokha kwa awo amene amachita dzoma la matsenga ndi ufiti.” Pamene kulotera kunalinkufalikira mu Ulaya, mkanganowo nawonso unafalikira nako limodzi. Martin Luther anakutsutsa, ndipo atsogoleri ena atchalitchi pambuyo pake anachita mofananamo. Kuti akondweretse atsogoleri achipembedzo amenewo, olotera ena anabatiza ndodo zawo, ndipo anapempha Mulungu wawo Wautatu polotera.

Kwa olotera ambiri, kufunafuna madzi ndi malo a mitapo sikunali kokwanira. Iwo anapeza zinthu zina zowonjezereka zogwiritsirira ntchito ndodoyo. France wa m’zaka za zana la 17, anali ndi Jacques Aymar amene anayamba kulotera apandu! Monga momwe kwasimbidwira, tsiku lina iye anali kulotera madzi pamene ndodo yake inaphiriphitha kwambiri pamtumbira ya mkazi wina amene anaphedwa mwambanda. Ndiyeno ndodoyo inafwamphukira mwamuna wa mkaziyo, amene anathaŵa nthaŵi yomweyo. Aymar—ndi omtsanzira ake ambiri—anagwiritsira ntchito ndodo yolotera kuchotsera anthu aupandu mu Ulaya monse. Anthu otengeka maganizo Achikatolika analembadi ntchito Aymar ndi ndodo yake yoloterayo kuti awathandize kufunafuna Aprotestanti oti aphedwe.

Mgwirizano wa Matsenga

Mosadabwitsa, ngakhale m’nthaŵi ya Aymar munali “akatswiri” amene analingalira kuti anakhoza kufotokoza zochita zachipambano zimenezo mwausayansi. Iwo anapeka nthanthi yakuti ndodo yolotera ya Aymar inali kulondola “fungo” lokhala ndi ambanda okha, limene anatcha “zinthu zotuluka m’mbanda.” Komabe, mwachionekere, zipambano za Aymar zinalibe chochita ndi sayansi. Nyonga imene inachititsa zimene Aymar anachita inali luntha. Inalondola anthu aupandu, nisiyanitsa Aprotestanti ndi Akatolika, ndipo inatumba madzi ndi mitapo yomwe.

Mofananamo, kodi pangakhale chinthu chilichonse kusiyapo mphamvu yaluntha chimene chingachititse kulota pamapu, pamene ndodo imasonya pamene pali madzi pamapu wamba ojambulidwa a malo akutali? Anthu ena olotera apeza zikwama zandalama zotayika, mapasipoti, majuwelo, ndi anthu omwe, mwa kulotera ndi chinthu cholenjekeka pamapu chomaunguzika chauku ndi uku. Ena amayembekezera yankho la chiŵiya choloteracho lakuti inde kapena ayi. M’ma 1960 Asilikali Ankhondo ku apanyanja a ku United States anagwiritsira ntchito ndodo zolotera kupezera mauna, mabomba, ndi misampha ku Vietnam. Lerolino ndodo yolotera ikukhala yotchuka mowonjezereka monga chiŵiya cha mphamvu zachilendo. Imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuneneratu zamtsogolo, kufunafuna ‘mizukwa,’ ndi kufufuza za ‘miyoyo ya anthu yakale.’

Wolemba mabuku Ben G. Hester poyamba anali wotsimikiza kuti kulotera kunangokhala “chochitika chakuthupi chimene chili chosazindikiridwabe bwino.” Koma zaka zisanu ndi zitatu za kufufuza nkhaniyo zitapita, iye analemba buku lakuti Dowsing—an Exposé of Hidden Occult Forces. Mmenemo iye amafanizira ndodo yolotera ndi chiŵiya chonga matabwa a Ouija. Anapeza kuti anthu olotera ena amanena kuti akhoza kuchiritsa anthu—kapena kuwadwalitsa—ndi ndodo yolotera! Mofananamo, wolotera Robert H. Leftwich analemba m’buku lake lakuti Dowsing—The Ancient Art of Rhabdomancy kuti: “Nyonga imene imatulutsidwayo mwinamwake njochokera kumphamvu zimene . . . zili zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zija zogwiritsiridwa ntchito muufiti. Motero kuyesa kuona mmene kuliri kungakhale kwangozi.”

Kwa Akristu owona, mawu amene anenedwawo amapereka lingaliro losakondweretsa. Kaya kukhale kwenikweni kapena konyenga, mwachionekere kulotera m’zochitika zotero monga momwe taonera poyamba sikuli kwausayansi; kukuonekera kukhala kuli matsenga. Monga momwe asayansiwo Evon Z. Vogt ndi Ray Hyman akunenera mwachidule mu Water Witching U.S.A. kuti: “Nchifukwa chake ife tikunena kuti ufiti wa kupeza madzi ndiwo kuombeza kwamatsenga kwapoyera.”

Kodi Mkristu Ayenera Kuloŵetsedwa m’Kulotera?

Ndithudi, ngati kulotera kulidi mchitidwe wa kuombeza, Mkristu weniweni sangakuchite. Anthu a Mulungu analamulidwa, monga momwe timaŵerengera m’Baibulo pa Deuteronomo 18:10 kuti: “Asapezeke mwa inu munthu wakupitiriza . . . kumoto wa ula, wosamalira mitambo, kapena wosamalira kulira kwa mbalame, kapena wanyanga.” Mneneri Hoseya anamva chisoni chifukwa cha kulephera kwa Aisrayeli kulabadira lamulo limeneli, akumalemba kuti: “Anthu anga afunsira zipika zawo za mtengo, ndodo ndiyo imene imayankha mafunso awo.”—Hoseya 4:12, The Jerusalem Bible.

Komabe, ena angakane akumati iwo amangochita mpangidwe waung’ono wa kulotera: kutumba pamene pali madzi. Koma kodi mchitidwe wa kulotera madzi ngwabwino pakati pa matsenga onse? Nkokondweretsa kudziŵa kuti alangizi a kulotera amaphunzitsa mofala ophunzira kuti auze ndodo kuwatsogolera kuchimene akufunafuna, monga ngati kuti inali kanthu kena kanzeru kamoyo. Mlangizi wina wolotera amauza ophunzira ake ngakhale kutcha dzina ndodoyo ndi kuitana ndi dzinalo! Kaŵirikaŵiri anthu olotera amafunsa ndodo zawo ponena za kuya kwapansi pathaka asanapeze madzi. Ndodoyo imayamba kugogoda pansi, ndipo woloterayo amaŵerenga nthaŵi zimene ndodoyo imatero. Chiŵerengero cha kugogoda kwake chimasonyeza kuya kwake, m’mamita, kukafikira pamene pali madzi! Kodi zimenezi sizikupereka lingaliro lakuti munthu wina wanzeru wobisika amachita zimenezo?

Ndiponso, kulotera madzi nkogwirizanitsidwa ndi mchitidwe wina umene Mboni za Yehova zapeŵa kwambiri kwanthaŵi yaitali—ESP (extrasensory perception [kudziŵa zinthu ndi maloto]). Nsanja ya Olonda inafotokoza nkhani imeneyo kalero mu 1962. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, American Society of Dowsers inalankhula pankhaniyo kuti: “Tikuvomereza lingaliro lakuti kulotera kuli mpangidwe wa ESP ndi kuti kuchita mpangidwe uliwonse wa ESP kungathe kuchititsa munthu ‘kukhala’ kapena kudziloŵetsa mu ‘mphamvu zoipa zamizimu’ pokhapokha ngati kuchitidwa m’njira yosamala. Komabe, sitikuvomereza chilangizo chanu chaliuma cha kulekeratu.”b

Kodi inu muganizanji? Ngati ngakhale ochilikiza achangu a kulotera madzi akuvomereza mchitidwewo kuti ngwangozi ya kudziloŵetsa m’mphamvu za ziŵanda kapena kukhala nazo, kodi Mkristu sayenera kufuna kusala mchitidwe wotero?

‘Koma kodi kulotera sikumachita zinthu zabwino zambiri?’ ena angafunse motero. ‘Kodi umenewo suli umboni wakuti mphamvu imene imachititsa kulotera ili yothandiza?’ Nzomvetsa chisoni kunena kuti, ayi. Kumbukirani, “Satana yemwe adzionetsa ngati mngelo wa kuunika.” (2 Akorinto 11:14) Ngakhale munthaŵi za Baibulo kaŵirikaŵiri ziŵanda zinayesa kupeza chiyanjo ndi chisonkhezero mwa kunena mawu owona.—Machitidwe 16:16-18.

Zowonadi, sitingaumirire kunena kuti chochitika chilichonse cha kulotera (ndiponso ESP) sichingakhoze kufotokozedwa mwausayansi ndipo motero chikumakhala chochititsidwa ndi ziŵanda. Mosakayikira, pali zinthu zochuluka zimene zimachitika muubongo wamunthu mogwirizana ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe zimene sizimazindikiridwa ndi sayansi. Ndipo mosakayikira pali zipambano zazikulu zambiri za kulotera ndi ESP zimene zingafotokozedwe mwapoyera monga zochitika zachikale, zonyenga. Koma popeza kuti mbiri ndi mchitidwe watsopano wa kulotera nzopombonezedwa kwambiri ndi matsenga, ESP, ndi kulambira mizimu, mwachionekere kunyalanyaza mchitidwewo kuti uli chinyengo chosavulaza, nkwangozi kwambiri.

Ayi, ngati tifika pankhani ya kulotera, uphungu wakuti “musakhudza kanthu kosakonzeka” ukuonekera kukhala uli woyenererabe.—2 Akorinto 6:17.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Kodi Zonsezo Ndindodo Zolotera?

LEROLINO ndodo zolotera zili m’mipangidwe yosiyanasiyana kuwonjezera panthambi yamphanda. Anthu olotera ena amagwiritsira ntchito ndodo zachitsulo ziŵiri zimene zimaumba mtanda pamene “akufufuza” chinthu chimene akufuna. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito kamtengo kokungika m’manja mwawo. Enanso amagwiritsira ntchito zokolowekera zovala zachitsulo. Ndipo ena samagwiritsira ntchito chiŵiya chilichonse; amangoyembekezera kuti achite nseru kapena kuyabwidwa m’manja mwawo. Palinso ndodo zolotera zambiri zokhoza kuzindikira msanga kwambiri zimene zimagulitsidwa, zokhala ndi zogwirira ndi malo oikira chinthu chosonyezera mtundu wa chinthu chimene akufunafuna. Ndithudi, palinso ziŵiya zenizeni zofufuzira zitsulo. Zimenezi zimafuna kupatsidwa mphamvu, monga ya mabatire, ndipo motero nzosavuta kuzisiyanitsa ndi ndodo zolotera.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Chifanizo chosema cha wolotera m’buku la Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica