Alendo—Kodi Amasamukiranji?

“PALIBE amene angalingalire za mavuto amene timayang’anizana nawo m’maiko Osatukuka . . . ndi zovuta zimene timakumana nazo m’dziko limene timasamukirako kokha kuti tipezeko bwino ndi kuchirikiza mabanja athu otsala kudziko lakwathu.” Elizabeth yemwe anasamuka kuchokera mu Afirika, analemba zimenezo kwa mkonzi wa magazini a National Geographic. Mawu ake amasonyeza chifukwa chachikulu chimene mamiliyoni a anthu amakhala ofunitsitsa kusiya dziko lawo ndi kukayamba moyo watsopano m’dziko lachilendo.

Ndithudi, wosamuka aliyense amakhala ndi zifukwa zake zimene anasamukira. Ena, monga mkazi wotchulidwa pamwambayo, angakhale anasamuka kuti athaŵe mikhalidwe yovuta yakakhalidwe m’maiko awo. M’bukhu lake lakuti Population, Migration, and Urbanization in Africa, William Hance anafotokoza kuti mavuto monga matenda, tizirombo topatsa matenda, kuguga kwanthaka, chilala, zigumula za madzi, njala, nkhondo, ndi mikangano ya mafuko ndizo zimapangitsa anthu ambiri kuchoka mu Afirika ndi kusamukira ku maiko ena. Mbali zina za dziko lapansi zokhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta yofananayo nazonso zakhala malo kumene anthu ambiri achoka ndi kusamukira kumaiko ena.

Komabe, akatswiri azakakhalidwe ka anthu awona kuti chikhumbo chakufuna kuthaŵa mikhalidwe yovuta ya umoyo changokhala chimodzi cha zifukwa zimene ambiri amasamukira lerolino.

Chisonkhezero cha Kukakamizika ndi Kukopeka

Kukopeka ndi maiko amene amalonjeza mwaŵi wakukhala ndi moyo wabwino kulinso chisonkhezero champhamvu chochititsa kusamuka. Zimenezi, pamodzi ndi chikhumbo cha kufuna kuthaŵa mikhalidwe yoipa, zimachititsa chimene chimatchedwa chisonkhezero cha kukakamizika ndi kukopeka. Mavuto a m’dziko lanu amakukakamizani ndipo maubwino a kudziko lina amakukopani, kapena kukukokani kuti musamuke. Talingalirani chochitika cha Nguyen Van Tue, wothaŵa kwawo ku Vietnam ndi kukakhala m’Japani. Ngakhale kuti anavutika ndi zambiri pokhala mlendo, Nguyen akuvomereza kuti: “Ndine wokhutira. Ndikukhala pamodzi ndi banja langa ndipo tonse ndife amoyo ndipo tikukhala bwino m’dziko laufulu ndi lamtendere.”

Kukopeka ndi chuma ndikumodzi kwa zifukwa zamphamvu koposa zosonkhezera anthu kusamuka. Pofotokoza za mzinda wa ku Italiya wa Angelezi, wolemba nkhani John Brown akunena m’bukhu lake la The Un-melting Pot kuti: “Cholinga chawo chachikulu nthaŵi zonse chakhala kupeza ndalama zambiri.” Akuwonjezera kuti iwo anachita zimenezi “mwakugwira ntchito zolimba ndi kuzigwira mwanjira yabwino.” Pamene wina apenda kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malipiro a maiko osiyanasiyana, amawona chifukwa chake anthu amasamuka. Ponena za nzika za ku Mexico zogwira ntchito mu United States, National Geographic imasonyeza kuti “malipiro a ntchito ya ola limodzi ku maiko a kum’mwera kwa [United States] amachepa ndi theka poyerekezera ndi malipiro a mu United States.”

Chisonkhezero cha Banja ndi Mabwenzi

Ndithudi, ambiri amasamuka kungofuna kukakhala pafupi ndi banja ndi mabwenzi omwe anayambirira kupita. Mwachitsanzo, Ayuda ambiri a ku Soviet Union asamukira ku Israyeli chifukwa amalingalira kuti amakhala osungika pakati pa Ayuda anzawo ambiri. Ena anafunadi kudziika pachiswe chokakhala ku malo olimbaniridwa otchedwa West Bank kumadzulo kwa Israyeli.

Chilimbikitso cha mabwenzi ndi achibale chimasonkhezera ambiri kusamuka. Ambiri ofuna kusamuka auzidwa kuti Australia ndimalo abwino kwambiri. Tsopano pafupifupi 22 peresenti ya anthu ake ali ochokera kumaiko ena.

Pamene wosamuka wina anadzacheza kudziko lakwawo ku Barbados kuchokera ku United States, anauza mnzake kuti: “Inu muwona ngati mukukhala bwino kuno,” natsimikizira mnzake kuti anali “kungotaya . . . nthaŵi” kukhala pachisumbupo. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, bwenzi lakelo linavomereza kuti mawu amenewo anabzala mwa iye mzimu wakusakhutiritsidwa, umene pambuyo pake unampangitsa kusamuka.

Mwatsoka lanji, zabwino zokha nzimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimasimbidwa kwa wofuna kusamuka. Ron, mwamuna wachichepere amene anasamukira ku Canada kuthaŵa chipwirikiti chomakula mu South Africa anati: “Mabwenzi ndi achibale amangokuuza zinthu zabwino zokha . . . ndipo mosadabwitsa amasiya zinthu zoipa.”

Mosasamala kanthu za cholinga chosamukira, kaŵirikaŵiri mlendo amavutika kwambiri. Pamene afikira pakuwona zoloŵetsedwamo zonse m’kusamuka, ena amafuna kwambiri kubwerera kwawo. Chotero, kodi mlendo angaizoloŵere motani mikhalidwe yatsopano imeneyi pamene akulimbana ndi kulakalaka dziko lakwawo, kusweka kwa maunansi a banja, miyambo yachilendo, chinenero chosiyana, ndi mavuto ena otero?

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

Kukopeka ndi chuma ndiko chimodzi cha zisonkhezero zamphamvu koposa zosamukira

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 6]

“Ndine wokhutira. Ndikukhala pamodzi ndi banja langa ndipo tonse ndife amoyo ndipo tikukhala bwino m’dziko laufulu ndi lamtendere.”—Nzika ya ku Vietnam yokhala mu Japani

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 7]

Pamene wina apenda kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa malipiro a maiko osiyanasiyana, amawona chifukwa chake anthu amasamuka

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Kwa wosamuka watsopano, chirichonse chimawoneka chachilendo ndi chovuta