Mamarsupial Odabwitsa a ku Australia

Ndi mlembi wa Galamukani! m’Australia

KODI kwenikweni marsupial nchiyani, ndipo kodi nchiyani chimene chimapangitsa mamarsupial kukhala odabwitsa?

Kunena mosavuta, marsupial ndiwo mtundu wa chirombo, ndiko kuti, chinyama chamwazi wofunda chimene chimayamwitsa ana ake. Komabe, mosafanana ndi zirombo zambiri, mamarsupial achikazi samapanga nsapo m’mimba panthaŵi ya kukhala abere. Iwo amabala malikonyani awo ali aang’ono, osawona, ndiyeno amawayamwitsa ndi kuwatetezera m’matumba akunja. Chotero, kwakukulukulu, marsupial ndichirombo chokhala ndi thumba, pakuti liwu Lachilatini lakuti marsupium limatanthauza “thumba” kapena “chikwama.”

Kwenikweni, kangaroo ndiumodzi wa mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya mamarsupial. Muli mamarsupial m’maiko osakhala Australia—koma osati ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, opossum wa ku North America ndimmarsupial, ndipo ena akupezeka ku South America. Koma mamarsupial ochulukitsitsa a padziko ali ku Australasia, pokhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupifupi 175 itapezedwa kumeneko. Yonse pamodzi muli mitundu 45 ya akangaroo mu Australia, koma kangaroo wofiira wamkulu kwambiri ndiye amene amadziwika kopambana. Iye ndiye wamkulu koposa mwa mamarsupial onse, pokhala akumalemera makilogiramu 90, ndipo akaimirira ngwamtali koposa amuna ambiri. Komabe, mnzake wachikazi, ngwamng’ono kwambiri ndipo ngwamawonekedwe abluu koma otumbuluka.

Akangaroo angalumphe mamitala 11 pa kulumpha kumodzi. Ena apimidwa kukhala othamanga liwilo la makilomitala 64 paola limodzi ndipo alumpha mipanda yotalika mamitala atatu. Kangaroo wamkulu kwambiri wofiira ameneyu limodzi ndi kangaroo wamng’ono pang’ono wotumbuluka akupezeka m’mbali zambiri za kontinenti ya Australia. Amawonedwa kulikonse ndi wokondweretsa kwa alendo amene amayendetsa magalimoto m’madera ankhalango zosakhuthala ndipo ngakhale m’madera achipululu chamchenga a chapakati pa Australia. Akangaroo ndizinyama zokonda kukhala m’timagulu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala pamodzi m’timagulu totchedwa kuti nsambi.

Kubadwa Kochititsa Chidwi

Mwinamwake mbali yozizwitsa kopambana ya moyo wa marsupial ndiyo kubadwa ndi kusamaliridwa kwa malikonyani Akangaroo ndiwo chitsanzo cha mamarsupial ochulukitsitsa. Masiku 33 kufikira 38 chabe pambuyo pa kukwerana, likonyani la kangaroo limabadwa. Koma likonyani latsopanolo kwenikweni nloposa pang’ono mluza—kamoyo kakang’onong’ono, kampangidwe wonga nyemba, kolemera pafupifupi magramu 0.75, kakang’ono koposa chikhadabu chakutsogolo cha chala chanu chaching’onocho, ndi kamawonekedwe pafupifupi openyekera.

Mwamsanga katabadwa, “kamakwera” kuchoka m’chibaliro cha amake ndi kulowa muubweya wawo. Kenako, mogwiritsira ntchito timiyendo takutsogolo tating’ono tokhala ndi zikhadabu, kamavutikira kulowa m’thumba la amake lotalika masentimitala 15. Mmenemo kamadzigwirizanitsa ndi limodzi la mabere anayi, limene kenako limalongedwa mkamwa mwake. Kupyolera mwa mtundu umenewu wa ngalande ya moyo, kamalandira chakudya chonse chofunikira, ndipo kwa miyezi isanu yotsatira, kamakhalabe m’malo oyamwira aphee amenewa kasanatulutsire mutu wake kunja kwanthaŵi yoyamba.

Pausinkhu wa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, joey (monga momwe malikonyani a akangaroo amatchedwera) wachichepereyo kwanthaŵi yoyamba amatulukira kunja mwamantha, koma amabwerera m’thumbamo mwakaŵirikaŵiri kaamba ka chakudya ndi chisungiko. Komabe, potsirizira, amayi amasankha kuti joey ngwamkulu kwambiri koposa thumbalo ndipo chotero amamletsa kuti asalumphiremonso. Podzafika pausinkhu wa miyezi 18, iye ngwosadalira amake kotheratu.

Chozizwitsa china nchakuti amayi kangaroowo angathe kutulutsa mitundu iwiri ya mkaka panthaŵi imodzimodzi. Mwamsanga joey woyamba atabadwa, iye amakwerananso. Mluza watsopanowo umakhulungira kufikira pamene joey woyamba ayamba kutulukira kunja kwa thumba kwakanthaŵi. Pamenepo joey wachiwiri amabadwa mumpangidwe wake waung’onowo ndi kudziphatika kubere lina m’thumbamo.

Komatu joey wamkuluyo adakayamwabe mkaka kubere lake loyamba. Kucholowanitsa mowonjezereka nkhaniyo, joey watsopano wonga mluzayo afunikira mkaka mumpangidwe wosiyana. Komabe, limeneli sivuto, popeza kuti pabere lake, amayiwo tsopano ali okhoza kutulutsa mkaka wokhala ndi shuga wambiri, pamene kuli kwakuti pabere la mchimwene wake amayiwo akupitirizabe kumtulutsira mkaka wokhala ndi maprotini ambiri ndi mafuta ambiri!

Ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri siziri nyama zankhalwe, zamphongo kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizidwa m’chimene chimawonekera kukhala masewera ankhonya. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimenezi zimakhala pakati pa zamphongo ziŵiri zazing’ono zikumayesana mphamvu. Panthaŵi zina zamphongo ziwiri zazikulu zimamenyana mwa kukankhana—kwenikweni kumenyanirana yaikazi yosankhidwa! Ndewu zimenezi zingakhale zowopsa kwambiri, popeza kuti okangana oputanawo amakandana ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ndi kuphadulana mwachiwawa ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.

Koala Wokondweretsayo—Mmarsupial Wina Wodabwitsa

Wotchuka pafupifupi mofanana ndi kangaroo, ndi wosonyezedwa pafupifupi mwakaŵirikaŵiri mofanana m’mabrosha a okacheza ku Australia, ndiye mmarsupial wochititsa nthumanzi kopambana koposa onse—koala. Kamoyo kameneka kamakhala m’mitengo mokha ndipo kamayenda kwakukulukulu usiku. Kaŵirikaŵiri kamalingaliridwa molakwa kukhala chimbalangondo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, ndipo chotero iko panthaŵi zina kamatchedwa chimbalangondo cha koala. Komabe iko mwanjira iriyonse kalibe unansi uliwonse ndi mtundu wa chimbalangondo, ndiponso sikali mtundu wa opossum kapena pusi. Iko ndithudi nkosayerekezereka. Inde, pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa koala, ndipo uli kumadera a kummawa kwa Australia kokha.

Koala ali ndi kukhoza kopanda malire kwa kukondweretsa, ndi mawonekedwe ake ofewa, okopa, maso ake owala onga mabutawo, mphuno yake yonga mpira, ndi chisonyezero cha kukhala wodabwa mosalekeza. Pokhala siziri nyama zazikulu, zimatalika masentimitala 60 ndi kulemera makilogiramu oyambira 8 kufikira 14.

Likonyani la koala limabadwa kwakukulukulu mofanana ndi mamarsupial ena kusiyapo kuti amayi koala ali ndi thumba lawo lotseguka chakumbuyo. Lobadwa chatsopanolo limakhalabe m’thumbamo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo pamene potsirizira litulukira kunja, limanonomera pamsana pa amake pamene iwo amakhala otanganitsidwa kukafunafuna mitengo ya masamba okoma.

Dongosolo Lopukusa Chakudya Lapadera

Akoala amadya mosamala kwambiri. Iwo amadya masamba a mtengo wa blugamu okha. Ndipo osati tsamba lirilonse. Mwa mitundu 600 ya blugamu, akoala amadya kokha mitundu 50 kapena 60. Ngati nyama zina zinati zidye masamba amenewa, izo mwachiwonekere kwambiri zikafa chifukwa cha mafuta ndi makemikolo akupha a m’masamba amene ali ndi poizoni. Dongosolo lopukusa chakudya locholowana kwambirilo limathandiza akoala kupukusa chakudya chawo chapadera, komabe chakudya chapadera choterocho chiri ndi chikhoterero cha kuwapatsa fungo lathupi lawolawo!

Akatswiri ena amanena kuti akoala samamwa madzi konse, ndipo liwu lakuti koala likuchirikizidwa kukhala liwu la Aaborijini lotanthauza kuti “sindimamwa.” Komabe kupenda kosamalitsa kwasonyeza kuti akoala amatsika m’mitengo yawo mwakamodzikamodzi kudzamwa, ndipo panthaŵi zina amadya ngakhale fumbi pang’ono kuwonjezera chakudya chawo chochepekeredwa ndi zolimbikitsa mafupa.

Ngakhale kuti akangaroo angawonedwe m’malo ambiri osungira zinyama kuzungulira padziko lonse, akoala amapezeka m’malo ochepa kwambiri osungira zinyama kunja kwa Australia. Koma mosasamala kanthu kuti munayamba mwakhala ndi mwaŵi wa kuwawona kapena ayi, tiri otsimikizira kuti mudzavomereza kuti izo ndithudi ndinyama zodabwitsa—zirombo zokhala ndi matumba ndi zopanda nsapo zimenezi.

[Chithunzi patsamba 30]

Amayi kangaroo ndi joey m’thumba

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

Koala akumadya masamba a blugamu

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Melbourne Zoo Education Service, Victoria, Australia