Zoseŵeretsa za Lerolino Kodi Zimawaphunzitsanji Ana Athu?

ANA ali ndi chibadwa cha kufuna kuseŵera. Malinga ndi buku lakuti Choosing Toys for Children, ana athanzi “mwachibadwa amalenga maiko awoawo ofufuzamo ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m’maganizo.” Zinali motero ngakhale m’nthaŵi zamakedzana. Kalelo kunali kofala kuona ana “akuseŵera m’misewu.” (Zekariya 8:5) Maseŵera oterowo kaŵirikaŵiri analoŵetsamo maseŵero akulenga ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m’maganizo.—Yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 11:16, 17.

Motero, nkoyenerera kuti maseŵera atchedwa ntchito ya mwana, ndipo ngati zimenezo zili zoona, ndiye kuti zoseŵeretsa zinganenedwe kukhala zipangizo za mwana. Magazini a Parents amati: “Maseŵera ndiwo njira imene ana amaphunzirira za dziko. . . . Kuseŵera ndi zoseŵeretsa kumachepetsa dziko kukhala pamlingo wa mwana, dziko mmene mwanayo akhoza kuchita zinthu pa iye yekha. Maseŵera amakulitsa nyonga ndi kuchita zinthu bwino, amachititsa mayanjano, amapereka mwaŵi wa kupenda malire pakati pa zenizeni ndi zoyerekezera, ndipo amathandiza ana kuphunzira kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake, kulandizana ndi ena pochita zinthu, kugaŵana zinthu. Maseŵera amasonkhezera mphamvu ya kuyerekezera zinthu m’maganizo ndipo amapatsa chidziŵitso cha maluso othetsera mavuto.”

Zoseŵeretsa zinalinso zofunika kwambiri m’nthaŵi za Baibulo. Ofukula m’mabwinja mu Israel anafukula zoseŵeretsa ana zamtengo wapatali, zonga maseche, mapinto, ndi tiziŵiya toumba ndi timagareta. The World Book Encyclopedia imati: “Mu Afirika wamakedzana, ana ankakonda mipira, tizinyama toumba, ndi zoseŵeretsa zokoka poyendetsa. Ana a mu Greece ndi Rome wamakedzana ankaseŵera ndi mabwato, magareta, mikombero, ndi nguli. M’Nyengo Zapakati mu Ulaya, zoseŵeretsa zofala zinaphatikizapo mipira yadongo, maseche, ndi zidole.”

Zoseŵeretsa zimene zimatsitsimula, zokondweretsa, ndi zophunzitsa zidakachitabe mbali yaikulu lerolino. Komabe, pali mpambo waukulu wodetsa nkhaŵa wa zinthu zoseŵeretsa pamsika zimene phindu lake lili lokayikitsa. Nkhani ya 1992 ya m’magazini a Time imati: “Musayang’ane pa mtundu wa chaka chino wa zoseŵeretsa zatsopano ngati mukufuna zosangalatsa, zabwino ndi zoyenera. Pafupifupi kampani iliyonse yopanga zoseŵeretsa [imagogomezera] zimene zili zonyansa.” Gulu lina la zoseŵeretsa linaphatikizapo chigaza chapulasitiki cha ukulu wa mutu weniweni chimene ana angachipange kukhala “chonyansa kwenikweni.” Ndiponso pali malonda a zoseŵeretsa zimene zimayerekezera zimene thupi limachita, monga ngati kusanza. Makolo limodzinso ndi ana akuyang’anizana ndi chitsenderezo chachikulu cha kugula zoseŵeretsa zimenezi.

Kugulitsa Ana Zinthu

Magazini a Pediatrics in Review amanena kuti “Lamulo lamakedzana la Hammurabi linati unali mlandu wa chilango cha imfa kugulitsa mwana chinthu chilichonse.” Komabe, makampani opanga zoseŵeretsa a lerolino limodzi ndi osatsa malonda samakuona kukhala konyazitsa kugulitsa zinthu zawo zodulazo kwa ana osadziŵa kanthu. Pogwiritsira ntchito maluso a kufufuza akuya kwambiri, olinganiza opeka zoseŵeretsa amapenda mozama maganizo a ana. Ndipo mwa kupitiriza kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yatsopano ya zopanga zawo, iwo amakhoza kuchititsa mtundu wa chaka chatha kuoneka wachikale, ndi wa chaka chino kukhala wofunika kwambiri.

Opanga zoseŵeretsa amagwiritsiranso ntchito maluso onse a wailesi yakanema. Mu United States, maprogramu a ana pawailesi yakanema ngodzaza ndi malonda a zoseŵeretsa. Mwakugwiritsira ntchito makamera amphamvu, maonekedwe kapena mawu okopa, ndi nyimbo zosonkhezera maganizo, amalonda amachititsa zoseŵeretsa zosasangalatsa konse kuoneka zochititsa kaso, zokondweretsa. Pamene achikulire ambiri akhoza kuona chinyengo chokhala m’machenjera oterowo, “ana aang’ono amakhulupirira kuti amalonda amasonyeza zenizeni.”—Pediatrics in Review.

Maprogramu ambiri a pawailesi ya kanema olinganizidwira ana ali kwenikweni maprogramu osatsa malonda a zoseŵeretsa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa chofalitsidwa chakuti Current Problems in Pediatrics, maprogramu oterowo “amalinganizidwira malonda a choseŵeretsa mmalo mwa kuphunzitsa kapena kupindulitsa miyoyo ya ana.” Mwachitsanzo, programu yakuti Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, yachititsa kupangidwa kwa “mitundu ya zinthu yoposa 70, zakudya za mfisulo, ndi kanema.”

Malinga ndi kunena kwa Pediatrics in Review, “kufufuza kwambiri kumasonyeza kuti ana amene amaonerera kusatsa malonda amaumiriza makolo awo kugula zinthu zosatsidwazo.” Myambitsi wa kampani ina yopanga zoseŵeretsa ya m’maiko ambiri akuti: “Umangoona ana akumakoka zovala za makolo awo ndipo umadziŵa zimene akunena: ‘Ngati simundigulira choseŵeretsachi, ndidzafa.’” Chotero, nzosadabwitsa kuti m’Canada mokha, ogula zinthu amawononga ndalama zoposa $1,200,000,000 chaka ndi chaka pa zoseŵeretsa za ana awo, adzukulu, ndi mabwenzi.

Maseŵero Ankhondo

Maseŵero ankhondo a pa vidiyo ali pakati pa zinthu zotchuka kwambiri m’zoseŵeretsa. Owachirikiza amanena kuti maseŵero oterowo amathandiza kukulitsa maluso othetsera mavuto, kugwirizana kwa maso ndi manja, ndi maluso a minyewa, limodzinso ndi kudzutsa chidŵi. “Chitagwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino,” ikutero nkhani ya mu The Toronto Star, “choseŵeretsa cha magetsi chingakhale chopanda upandu, ndipo chingakhale chophunzitsadi.” ‘Koma,’ nyuzipepalayo ikuvomereza kuti, ‘kaŵirikaŵiri chimakhala mchitidwe wopatula mwana, ngakhale womwerekeretsa.’

Talingalirani mnyamata wina yemwe anamwerekera ndi kuchita maseŵero ankhondo a pa vidiyo. Amayi ake akuti: “Iye ngwodabwitsa—sakhoza kuchoka pa wailesi ya kanema kufikira atapha onse.” Kodi mwanayu ali ndi zaka zingati? Zaka ziŵiri zokha! Kachala kake kamanthu kanachita matuza ndi kusinika mabatani kwa maola anayi kufikira asanu patsiku. Komabe, amayi ake amaoneka kukhala osadera nkhaŵa kwenikweni. “Nkhaŵa yokha imene ndili nayo ili yakuti iye amafuna zinthu zonse kuchitika mofulumira kwambiri,” iwo akutero akumaliza zala zawo. Seŵerolo “limafulumira kwambiri . . . , ndipo zinthu za m’moyo weniweni sizili zofulumira motero.”

Malinga ndi kunena kwa The Toronto Star, ena a otsutsa maseŵero a pa vidiyo amalingalira kuti maseŵerowo “amaletsa ana kuphunzira kudzikondweretsa mwa kuyerekezera zinthu m’maganizo, kuŵerenga kapena kuchita zinthu zina zozoloŵereka zotairapo nthaŵi, ndiponso amachotsa maganizo awo pa homuweki.” Ena ophunzitsa ana amanenadi kuti ‘maseŵero a vidiyo ali chiwopsezo chomwerekeretsa ndipo akhoza kulimbikitsa mwa ana mkhalidwe wachiwawa ndi wodzipatula kwa ena.’

Nkhani za pa wailesi yakanema zosonyeza kuphulitsa mabomba m’nkhondo ya ku Persian Gulf mu 1991 zinasonkhezera kufunika kwakukulu kwa zoseŵeretsa zatsopano zankhondo. Zotchuka kwambiri zinali zoseŵeretsa za akasinja otchedwa Abrams, mamisaelo a Scud, ndi mahelikopita otchedwa Hind. Akatswiri akuwopa kuti kuseŵera ndi zoseŵeretsa zoterozo kungakulitse mzimu wa ndewu kapena kuchititsa ana kusawopanso chiwawa. Kwenikweni, kuchita zimenezo kumawombana ndi mzimu wa mawu a Baibulo pa Yesaya 2:4, amene analosera kuti anthu a Mulungu “sakaphunzitsidwanso nkhondo konse.”—The New English Bible.

Pakhala nthaŵi zimene zoseŵeretsa zoonekera kukhala zenizeni, zonga ngati mfuti zamadzi zamphamvu kwambiri, zabutsa chiwawa chenicheni. Mu mzinda wina wa ku North America, nkhondo ya mfuti zamadzi zapulasitiki zamphamvu kwambiri inakula ndi kukhala kuwomberana mfuti zenizeni, kumene kunapha mnyamata wa zaka 15. M’chochitika china, achichepere aŵiri anavulazidwa ndi mwamuna wonyamula mfuti wokwiya pamene ananyoŵetsedwa ndi mfuti zamadzi. Zochitika zina zachiwawa zachititsidwa ndi nkhondo za mfuti zamadzi zooneka kukhala zopanda upandu.

Zimene Mumakhala Mukuwauza

Makolo odalirika amene amavomereza chiwawa ali oŵerengeka chabe. Chikhalirechobe, kupangidwa kwa zoseŵeretsa zankhondo kukupitabe patsogolo. Nthaŵi zina makolo amalolera molakwa zikhulupiriro zawo zenizenizo powopera kukwiyitsa mwana. Komabe, mwakutero, iwo angakhale akuwononga kwambiri mwanayo. Wofufuza maganizo wa ku Canada Susan Goldberg akugomeka kuti: “Pamene tipatsa ana zoseŵeretsa, timasonyeza kuvomereza kwathu zimene choseŵeretsacho chimatanthauza.” Zoona, kuli kwachibadwa kwa ana ena panthaŵi zina kusonyeza mkhalidwe wandewu. “Popanda mfuti zoseŵeretsa,” akutero katswiri wina wa malingaliro, “ana akanagwiritsirabe ntchito zinthu zina, ngakhale zala zawo.” Mwinamwake. Koma kodi kholo liyenera kulimbikitsa mzimu wandewu mwa kupatsa mwana zifaniziro za zida za chiwawa?

Kulinso koona kuti ali ana oŵerengeka chabe amene angakhaledi ndi moyo wa chiwawa kokha chifukwa chakuti anaseŵera ndi mfuti yoseŵeretsa. Koma ngati mupatsa ana anu zoseŵeretsa zoterozo, kodi mumakhala mukuwauza chiyani? Kodi mumafuna kuti iwo akhulupirire kuti chiwawa nchosangalatsa kapena kuti kupha ndi nkhondo nzokondweretsa? Kodi mukuwaphunzitsa kulemekeza miyezo ya Mulungu? Mawu ake amati: “Moyo [wa Mulungu] umuda . . . iye wakukonda chiwawa.”—Salmo 11:5.

Susan Goldberg akunenanso kuti ‘ngati ana athera nthaŵi yaikulu m’maseŵera a chiwawa mwa chivomerezo cha kukhala chete kwa makolo, adzakhala othekera kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito chiwawa pofuna kuthetsa mavuto.’ Baibulo limati pa Agalatiya 6:7: “Chimene munthu achifesa, chimenenso adzachituta.” Kodi nkotheka kuti mwana atute mikhalidwe ya umunthu wabwino m’maseŵera achiwawa?

Kunena mosasinjirira, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ana onse ngosiyana. Mwana wina angamwerekere ndi seŵero la pa vidiyo, koma wina sangatero. Ndipo kaya ngati ana amagwirizanitsadi mapokoso a pa vidiyo ndi zithunzithunzi zake ndi chiwawa chenicheni ili nkhani ya mkangano. Chotero, makolo ayenera kusankha zimene zili zabwino koposa kwa ana awo ndi kusamala kwambiri posankhira ana awo zoseŵeretsa.

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Kuseŵera kumathandiza ana kuphunzira mmene angayanjanirane