Nkhondo Yopulumutsa Pulaneti Lathu

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU SPAIN

YURY, yemwe akhala mumzinda wa Karabash ku Russia, ali ndi ana aŵiri, ndipo onse ndi odwala. Iye ali ndi nkhaŵa koma sadabwa nazo zimenezo. “Kuno kulibe ana athanzi,” akutero. Anthu a ku Karabash akuloŵedwa ndi poizoni. Chaka chilichonse fakitale yakomweko imatulutsira mumpweya matani 162,000 a zoipitsa—matani 9 pa mwamuna aliyense, mkazi aliyense, ndi mwana aliyense wokhala kumeneko. Ku Nikel ndi Monchegorsk, ku ndomo ya Kola, kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle, “ng’anjo ziŵiri za nickel zazikulu koposa ndi zakale kwambiri padziko lonse . . . zimatulutsira mumpweya zinthu zazitsulo zolemera limodzi ndi sulfur dioxide wochuluka kwambiri chaka chilichonse kuposa mafakitale ena onga amenewo ku Russia.”—The New York Times.

Ku Mexico City mpweya sulinso bwino ayi. Kufufuza kumene Dr. Margarita Castillejos anachita kunasonyeza kuti ngakhale kumbali za mzinda kumene kumakhala olemera, ana amadwala masiku anayi mwa asanu. “Kwa iwo, kudwala kwakhala kozoloŵereka.” Chochititsa china chachikulu, iye akutero, ndi utsi wosatha wotulutsidwa ndi galimoto zikwi zambiri zimene zimadzaza makwalala mumzindawo. Unyinji wa ozoni umaposa kanayi mlingo woikidwa ndi World Health Organization.

Ku Australia ngoziyo simaoneka—koma njakupha chimodzimodzi. Tsopano ana amavala zipewa pamene akuseŵera m’bwalo lamaseŵero kusukulu. Kuchepa kwa muyalo wotetezera wa ozoni ku Southern Hemisphere kwachititsa Aausitireliya kuona dzuŵa monga mdani m’malo mwa bwenzi. Iwo aona kale kansa ya khungu ikuwonjezeka kuŵirikiza katatu.

Kumadera ena a dziko, kupeza madzi okwanira kulidi nkhondo ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene Amalia anali ndi zaka 13, chirala chinafika ku Mozambique. Chaka choyamba kunali madzi ochepa kwambiri ndipo chaka chotsatira kunalibiretu. Mbewu zakudimba zinauma ndi kufa. Amalia ndi banja lake anayamba kudya zipatso zakutchire ndi kukumba makwaŵa kufuna madzi alionse amene angapezeke.

M’boma la Rajasthan ku India, mabusa ndiwo akuzimiririka mofulumira. Phagu, wa fuko lomayendayenda, amakangana ndi alimi akwawo kaŵirikaŵiri. Satha kupeza msipu wodyetsa nkhosa zake ndi mbuzi. Chifukwa cha kusoŵeratu nthaka yachonde, chimvano cha zaka mazana ambiri pakati pa alimi ndi mafuko omayendayenda chatha.

Zinthu nzoipiratu ku Sahel, chigawo chotakata chosagwa mvula yochuluka kummwera kwa Sahara mu Afirika. Chifukwa cha kudula mitengo ndi chirala chotsatirapo, magulu athunthu a zoŵeta atha psiti ndipo minda yaing’ono yosaŵerengeka yakwiriridwa ndi mchenga wa chipululu chomafutukukacho. “Sindidzalimanso munda,” analumbira motero mlimi wina wachifulani wa ku Niger ataona kuti mapira ake akanika kachisanu ndi chiŵiri. Ng’ombe zake zinali zitafa kale chifukwa cha kusoŵa msipu.

Ngozi Yomakula

Kuseri kwa chirala chaposachedwapa, kukanika kwa dzinthu, ndi mpweya woipa umene ukupuyitsa mzinda ndi mzinda kuli zowopsa. Mavutoŵa angokhala zizindikiro za pulaneti losakhala bwino, pulaneti losathanso kupirira njira imene munthu akuligwiritsirira ntchito mopambanitsa.

Palibe kanthu padziko lapansi kamene kali kofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu kuposa mpweya umene timapuma, chakudya chomwe timadya, ndi madzi omwe timamwa. Zinthu zochirikiza moyo zofunika zimenezi zikuipitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa mosaleka—ndi munthu mwini. M’maiko ena, mkhalidwe wa malo okhala wayamba kale kuika moyo pangozi. Monga momwe yemwe kale anali pulezidenti wa Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev ananenera momveka bwino, “malo okhala atigwira pakhosi.”

Ngozi imeneyo siyenera kuonedwa mopepuka. Chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikuwonjezerekabe, ndipo anthu ofuna zinthu zofunika zimenezo zochepa akuwonjezereka. Posachedwapa Lester Brown, pulezidenti wa Worldwatch Institute, ananena kuti “ngozi yaikulu yosokoneza mtsogolo mwathu si nkhondo ayi koma ndi kuwononga malo okhala a pulaneti lathu.” Kodi anthu akuchita zonse zofunika kuti apeŵe tsoka?

Nkhondo Yotetezera Pulaneti Lathu

Kuthandiza chidakwa amene akhulupirira kuti alibe vuto la kumwa nkovuta. Mofananamo, njira yoyamba powongolera thanzi la pulaneti lathu ndiyo kuzindikira kukula kwa matenda ake. Mwachionekere, maphunziro athandiza ndithu pakutetezera malo okhala m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Lerolino anthu ochuluka akudziŵa bwino lomwe kuti dziko lathu lapansi likusiyidwa lausiŵa ndipo likuipitsidwa—ndi kuti payenera kuchitidwa kanthu kena kuwongolera zinthu. Tsopano ngozi ya kuwononga malo njaikulu kwambiri kuposa nkhondo yanyukiliya.

Olamulira a dziko akudziŵa za mavutowo. Atsogoleri 118 a maiko ena anapezeka pamsonkhano wa Earth Summit mu 1992, pamene anasankha njira zingapo zotetezera mpweya wokuta dziko lapansi ndi chuma chake chomachepa. Maiko ochuluka anasainirana pangano lonena za mkhalidwe wakunja limene anavomerezanamo kukhazikitsa njira yofotokozera kusintha kwa unyinji wa carbon wotulutsidwa, ndi cholinga chakuti patsogolopa pakhale mlingo woikika wotulutsidwa. Analingaliranso za njira zotetezera biodiversity, mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi zinyama, ya pulaneti lathu. Iwo analephera kumvana pazakutetezera nkhalango za dziko lonse, koma pamsonkhanowo anakonza zikalata ziŵiri—“Rio Declaration” ndi “Agenda 21,” zimene zili ndi malangizo a mmene maiko angapezere “chitukuko chopitiriza.”

Malinga ndi kunena kwa katswiri wa malo okhala Allen Hammond, “chimene chidzatsimikiza zimenezo mwamphamvu nchakuti kaya ngati malonjezo opangidwa ku Rio adzasungidwa—kaya ngati mawu onenetsawo adzachitidwa m’miyezi ndi m’zaka zilinkudza.”

Komabe, kusainirana chikalata cha Montreal Protocol kwa mu 1987 ndiko kunali njira yaikulu yachipambano, imene inaphatikizapo pangano lapakati pa maiko la kuleka kupanga ma chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikika.a Kodi nchifukwa ninji panali nkhaŵa ya zimenezo? Chifukwa amati ma CFC amafulumiza kutha kwa muyalo wa ozoni wotetezera dziko lapansi. Ozoni wokhala kunja kwa mpweya wokuta dziko lapansi amathandiza kwambiri kusefa mitsitsi ya dzuŵa ya ultraviolet, imene ingachititse kansa ya khungu ndi ng’ala. Vuto limeneli silili ku Australia chabe. Posachedwapa, asayansi apeza kutsika kwa 8 peresenti kwa mlingo wa ozoni m’chisanu kumadera ofunda a ku Northern Hemisphere. Ma CFC okwana matani 20 miliyoni auluka kale kulinga pamwamba pa mpweya wokuta dziko lapansi.

Poyang’anizana ndi kuipitsa mpweya wokuta dziko lapansi kumeneku kwangozi, mitundu ya dziko inaika pambali kusamvana kwawo nichitapo kanthu motsimikiza. Maiko enanso akhala akuchitapo kanthu kutetezera zamoyo zomwe zili pangozi yakusoloka, kusunga Antarctica, ndi kulamulira njira zotayira zinyalala zapoizoni.

Maiko ambiri akuchitapo kanthu kuyeretsa mitsinje yawo (tsopano chambo chabwerera mu mtsinje wa Thames ku England), kuletsa kuipitsa mpweya (kwachepa ndi 10 peresenti m’mizinda ya United States yokhala ndi utsi wochulukitsa), kutenga magetsi kuchokera ku zinthu zosawononga malo okhala (nyumba zokwana 80 peresenti ku Iceland zili ndi magetsi otengedwa pamalo a akasupe a madzi otentha [geothermal energy]), ndi kusunga nkhalango zawo (Costa Rica ndi Namibia asandutsa pafupifupi 12 peresenti ya dziko lawo nkhalango zosungiramo zinyama).

Kodi zochita zabwino zimenezi zili umboni wakuti anthu akusamala za ngoziyo? Kodi kwangotsala pang’ono kuti pulaneti lathu likhalenso bwino? Nkhani zotsatira zidzayesa kuyankha mafunsowa.

[Mawu a M’munsi]