Eni America—Kutha kwa Nyengo
KODI ndani amene sanaonepo filimu ya makawuboyi omenyana ndi Aindiya? Anthu padziko lonse amva za Wyatt Earp, Buffalo Bill, ndi Lone Ranger ndi za Aindiya otchedwa Geronimo, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, ndi Chief Joseph, ndiponso ena ambiri. Koma kodi mafilimu ameneŵa a Hollywood ngoona motani? Ndipo kodi kusonyeza kwawo Aindiya nkosakondera motani?
Nkhani ya kugonjetsedwa kwa Native North Americans (Eni America a Kumpoto [Aindiya]) kochitidwa ndi Azungu imadzutsa mafunso.a Kodi mabuku a mbiri afotokoza za Aindiya mosakondera? Kodi pali maphunziro amene tingatengepo onena za umbombo, kupondereza, tsankhu la fuko, ndi nkhanza? Kodi nchiyani chimene chili choonadi cha otchedwa kuti makawuboyi ndi Aindiya?
Kulimbalimba Kotsiriza kwa Custer ndi Kusakazidwa pa Wounded Knee
M’chaka cha 1876, sing’anga wina wachimunthu Sitting Bull wa ku Lakota (limodzi la magulu atatu aakulu a Sioux [Asuu]) anali mtsogoleri wa nkhondo yotchuka ya ku Little Bighorn River, ku Montana. Lefutenanti Kolonelo “Long Hair” Custer, ndi asilikali 650 analingalira kuti adzagonjetsa mosavuta ankhondo 1,000 achisuu ndi a Cheyenne [Ashayeni]. Kumeneku kunali kuŵerengera kolakwa kwakukulu. Mwinamwake iye anali kuyang’anizana ndi gulu lalikulu koposa la Eni America ankhondo amene sanasonkhanepo ndi kalelonse—pafupifupi 3,000.
Custer anagaŵa patatu gulu lake la Cavalry Regiment ya 7. Gulu lakelo linaukira mbali ina ya msasa wa Aindiya imene analingalira kuti inali yosavuta, popanda kuyembekezera chichirikizo cha magulu aŵiri enawo. Motsogoleredwa ndi nyakwaŵazo, Crazy Horse, Gall, ndi Sitting Bull, Aindiyawo anafafaniza Custer ndi gulu lake la asilikali ngati 225. Chimenechi chinali chipambano chakanthaŵi cha mitundu ya Aindiya komano kunali kugonjetsedwa kopweteka kwa Gulu la Nkhondo la United States. Komabe, kulipsira kowopsa kunali kudzachitika patapita zaka 14 zokha.
Potsirizira pake, Sitting Bull anagonja, pokhala atalonjezedwa chikhululukiro. M’malo mwake, anakaikidwa ku Fort Randall, Dakota Territory, kwa nthaŵi ina. Mu ukalamba wake, anaonekera kwa anthu mu chisonyezero cha m’malo ambiri cha Buffalo Bill’s Wild West. Mtsogoleri amene panthaŵi ina anali waukatswiri anali atangokhala njoka luzi ya munthu sing’nga wachimunthu wamphamvu.
Mu 1890, Sitting Bull (dzina lake lachilakota, Tatanka Iyotake) anawomberedwa mfuti ndi kuphedwa ndi maofesala apolisi achiindiya amene anatumidwa kukammanga. Omupha ake anali a “Metal Breast” achisuu (eni nyota zapolisi), Lefutenanti Bull Head ndi Sajeni Red Tomahawk.
M’chaka chimodzimodzicho, kulimbalimba kwa Aindiya motsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa achiyera kunawonongedwa pa kusakazidwa kwa Wounded Knee Creek pa American Great Plains. Kumeneko, pafupifupi amuna, akazi, ndi ana 320 achisuu omathaŵa anaphedwa ndi asilikali aboma ndi mizinga yawo yamphamvu ya Hotchkiss. Asilikaliwo anadzitamandira kuti kumeneku kunali kulipsira kwawo kuphedwa kwa anzawo, Custer ndi amuna ake, pamitandadza moyang’ana kumunsi ku Little Bighorn River. Motero zaka zoposa 200 za nkhondo zobuka m’maderamadera pakati pa atsamunda olanda malo achimereka ndi nzika za mafuko ozingidwa, zinatha.
Koma kodi Eni America anakhalako motani ku North America choyamba? Kodi anali ndi moyo wotani anthu achiyera asanafike ku North America?b Kodi nchiyani chimene chinachititsa kugonja ndi kugonjera kwawo kotsiriza? Ndipo kodi mkhalidwe wa Aindiya wamakono ngwotani m’dziko limene tsopano likulamuliridwa ndi mbadwa za Azungu oyambirira kusamukirako? Ameneŵa ndi mafunso enanso adzayankhidwa m’nkhani zimene zikutsatira.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Pamene kuli kwakuti liwulo “Mwini America” tsopano limakondedwa ndi ena, nalonso liwu lakuti “Mwiindiya” limagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’mabuku ambiri. Tidzagwiritsira ntchito mawu ameneŵa mosinthanasinthana. Liwu lakuti “Mwiindiya” ndilo dzina lolakwika loperekedwa kwa nzikazo ndi Columbus, amene anaganiza kuti anali atafika ku India pamene anafika kumalo amene tsopano timawadziŵa kuti West Indies.
b M’nkhani zino tikufotokoza kokha za Aindiya a ku North America. Aamerindiya a ku Mexico, Central America, ndi South America—Aaziteki, Amaya, Ainka, Aolimeki, ndi ena—tidzawafotokoza m’makope amtsogolo a magazini ano.
[Chithunzi patsamba 15]
Kuika Akufa pa Wounded Knee
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Montana Historical Society