Kodi Lili Kuti Dziko Lopanda Upandu? — Watchtower LAIBULALE YA PA INTANETI

Kodi Lili Kuti Dziko Lopanda Upandu?

Akewo anali amodzi a maliro aakulu koposa amene Moscow sanaonepo pazaka zambiri. Anthu zikwi zambiri anaima m’mbali mwa makwalala kudzapereka ulemu wawo womaliza kwa Mrasha wachichepere amene anaphedwa mwadzidzidzi pa March 1, 1995, ndi zipolopolo za wambanda. Ngakhale kuti anawomberedwa mfuti mpaka kufa pakhomo pake penipeni, Vladislav Listyev, amene anatchedwa mtolankhani wopambana onse m’chaka cha 1994, anali munthu wotchuka kwambiri pawailesi yakanema.

PATAPITA milungu yosafika itatu, pa March 20, m’masteshoni a sitima za pansi pa nthaka za Tokyo munadzala ndi anthu ochuluka othamangira ku zochita zawo za masiku onse mmamaŵa ofuna zoyendera pamene munaloŵa gasi ya poizoni. Angapo anafa; ena ambiri anavulala kowopsa.

Ndiyeno, pa April 19, openyerera wailesi yakanema kuzungulira dziko lonse anasumika maganizo awo pa Oklahoma City. Anaonerera ndi mantha pamene antchito yopulumutsa anali kusolola matupi owonongeka m’nyumba yophwanyika ya boma imene inaphulitsidwa ndi bomba la chigaŵenga. Amene anafa anali 168.

Chakumapeto kwa June, bomba linanso mofananamo, pafupi ndi Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, linapha Aamereka 19 ndi kuvulaza ena 400.

Zochitika zinayi zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti upandu ukukula mwanjira yatsopano. Upandu “wamba” ukuwonjezereka kwambiri chifukwa cha machitachita ankhanza a zigaŵenga. Ndipo zochitika zinayi zonsezo—chilichonse mwanjira yakeyake—zikusonyeza mmene aliyense alili pangozi ya kuukiridwa ndi apandu. Kaya mukhale panyumba, kuntchito, kapena m’khwalala, upandu ungakufikireni. Inde, kufufuza kwa ku Britain kunasonyeza kuti Abritishi pafupifupi atatu mwa anayi alionse amaganiza kuti ali pangozi yakuti upandu ungawafikire nthaŵi iliyonse tsopano kuposa mmene analili zaka khumi zapitazo. Mkhalidwewo ungakhale wofanana ndi wa kumene mukukhala.

Nzika zomvera lamulo zimalakalaka boma limene lidzachita zambiri kuposa kungolamulira upandu. Zimafuna boma limene kwenikweni lidzauthetseratu. Ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti kuyerekezera ziŵerengero za upandu kungasonyeze kuti maboma ena akukhoza kwambiri kuletsa upandu kuposa ena, chithunzi chonse chikusonyeza kuti boma la munthu likulephera nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi upandu. Komabe, kukhulupirira kuti boma posachedwapa lidzathetsa upandu sikuli koposa nzeru kapena Maloto ayi. Koma kodi ndi boma liti? Ndipo liti?

[Bokosi/Mapu pamasamba 4, 5]

DZIKO LODZALA NDI UPANDU

ULAYA: Buku lina la ku Italy (“Mwaŵi ndi Mbala”) linanena kuti panyengo yaifupi, chiŵerengero cha upandu wakuba katundu mu Italy chinali “chitakwera kwambiri kufika pamlingo umene anauyesapo wosatheka.” Ukraine, lipabuliki la yemwe kale anali Soviet Union, anasimba kuti pa anthu 100,000 alionse panali maupandu 490 mu 1985 ndi 922 podzafika mu 1992. Iwo akuwonjezerekabe. Nchifukwa chake nyuzipepala ina ya ku Russia (“Zigomeko ndi Maumboni”) inalemba kuti: “Timalota za kukhalako—za kukhala ndi moyo—za kupulumuka nyengo ino yochititsa mantha . . . kuwopa kukwera sitima—ingachoke m’njanje kapena kuwonongedwa; kuwopa kukwera ndege—kusocheza ndege nkofala kapena ndege ingagwe; kuwopa kukwera sitima za pansi pa nthaka—chifukwa cha kuwopa kugundana kapena mabomba; kuwopa kuyenda m’makwalala—mungawomberedwe mfuti kapena kuberedwa, kugwiriridwa chigololo, kumenyedwa, kapena kuphedwa; kuwopa kukwera galimoto—ingatenthedwe, kuphulitsidwa, kapena kubedwa; kuwopa kuloŵa m’malikole a nyumba, malesitiranti, kapena masitolo—mungavulazidwe kapena kuphedwa m’limodzi la iwo.” Ndipo magazini a ku Hungary a HVG anayerekezera mzinda wa dzuŵa kwambiri m’Hungary ndi “likulu la Mafia,” akumanena kuti pazaka zitatu zapitazo, unali “magwero a upandu watsopano wa mtundu uliwonse . . . Mantha otsatizana akukula pamene anthu akuona kuti apolisi ali osakonzekera kulimbana ndi a Mafia.”

AFIRIKA: Daily Times ya ku Nigeria inasimba kuti “sukulu za maphunziro apamwamba” m’dziko lina ku West Africa zinali kuona “mzimu wa chiwawa, wodzetsedwa ndi a m’timagulu tachinsinsi: umene unatsala pang’ono kuletsa kuchitika kwa maphunziro alionse othandiza.” Inapitiriza kuti: “Mzimuwo ukufalikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa miyoyo ndi chuma.” Ponena za dziko lina la mu Afirika, The Star ya ku South Africa inati: “Pali mitundu iŵiri ya chiwawa: cha pakati pa zitaganya za anthu, ndi chiwawa wamba cha apandu. Choyambacho chachepa kwambiri, chachiŵiricho chawonjezereka kwambiri.”

MAIKO A KU AMERICA: The Globe and Mail ya ku Canada inasimba za kuwonjezereka kwa upandu wachiwawa m’Canada m’nyengo yaposachedwapa ya zaka 12 zotsatizana, zonsezi monga “mbali ya mkhalidwe umene wawonjezera chiwawa ndi 50 peresenti pazaka khumi zapitazo.” Nthaŵi imodzimodziyo, El Tiempo ya ku Colombia inasimba kuti m’Colombia, chaka china cha posachedwapa anthu 1,714 anafwambidwa, “chiŵerengero choposa kaŵiri kufwamba anthu konse kochitidwa lipoti padziko lonse m’nyengo imodzimodziyo.” Malinga ndi kunena kwa Justice Department of Mexico, upandu wa kugwirira chigololo unachitika m’likulu lake pamaola anayi alionse chaka china cha posachedwapa. Mneneri wachikazi wa bungwelo ananena kuti mkhalidwe umene wafala m’zaka za zana la 20 ndiwo wa kusaŵerengera mtengo wa munthu. “Tikukhala mu mbadwo wa kugwiritsira ntchito chinthu nkuchitaya,” iye anatero.

OCEANIA: Institute of Criminology ya ku Australia inayerekezera kuti upandu kumeneko umatayitsa ndalama “zosachepera $27 biliyoni chaka chilichonse, kapena pafupifupi $1600 pa mwamuna, mkazi, ndi mwana aliyense.” Imeneyi imapanga “pafupifupi 7.2 peresenti ya mtengo wa katundu yense wotulutsidwa m’dziko.”

PADZIKO LONSE LAPANSI: Buku lakuti The United Nations and Crime Prevention likunena za “kuwonjezereka kwa upandu kopitirizabe padziko lonse m’ma 1970 ndi ma 1980.” Likuti: “Chiŵerengero cha maupandu odziŵika chinakwera kuchokera ngati pa 330 miliyoni mu 1975 kufika pafupifupi pa 400 miliyoni mu 1980 ndipo chikuyerekezeredwa kukhala chitafika pa theka la biliyoni imodzi mu 1990.”

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 3]

Dziko Lapansi pamasamba 3, 6, ndi 9: NASA photo