“Khazikika Numvetsere!”

Kupirira Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo ndi Kukangalikitsa

“Masiku onse, Jim anali kunena kuti Cal anali chabe mwana wopusa ndi kuti ngati ife—kutanthauza ineyo—timlanga adzawongokera. Tsono panali dokotala wina amene anatiuza kuti sichinali chifukwa changa, chathu, cha mphunzitsi wa Cal: panali cholakwika ndithu ndi kamlumbwana kathu.”

CAL ali ndi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo ndi Kukangalikitsa) (ADHD), mkhalidwe wa kusasumika maganizo, kusakhazikika, ndi kukangalikitsa. Akuti ana opita kusukulu okwanira ngati 3 mpaka 5 peresenti ali ndi nthendayi. “Maganizo awo ali ngati TV yokhala ndi mabatani osokonezeka osankhira masiteshoni,” akutero Priscilla L. Vail, katswiri pazakuphunzira. “Malingaliro awo amaloŵana, popanda dongosolo kapena kudziletsa.”

Tiyeni tipende zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu za ADHD.

Kusasumika maganizo: Mwana wa ADHD satha kusankha mfundo zosafunika m’maganizo mwake ndi kuwasumika pankhani imodzi. Chifukwa chake, amachenjeneka msanga ndi zinthu zina zimene waona, kumva, ndi kununkhiza. Amakhala akumvetsera, koma palibe nchimodzi chomwe chimene chimamkopa pamene ali. Satha kusankha chimene ayenera kusumikapo maganizo kwambiri.

Kusakhazikika: Mwana wa ADHD amachita zinthu asanaganize, samalingalira zotsatira zake. Amakhala wosakonzeka ndi wosaganiza bwino, ndipo nthaŵi zina zochita zake zimakhala zangozi. “Amathamangira mumsewu, kukwera mpanda, kukwera mtengo,” akulemba motero Dr. Paul Wender. “Chotero amakhala ndi zilonda zambiri, mikwingwirima, mopereseka mwambiri, ndipo amapitapita kwa dokotala.”

Kukangalikitsa: Ana okangalikitsa amatakataka nthaŵi zonse. Satha kukhazikika. “Ngakhale atakula,” analemba motero Dr. Gordon Serfontein m’buku lakuti The Hidden Handicap, “mudzapeza kuti miyendo, mapazi, mikono, manja, milomo kapena lilime zimayendayenda mwanjira ina yake mutayang’anitsitsa bwino.”

Komabe, ana ena amene alephera kusumika maganizo ndipo ali osakhazikika saali okangalikitsa. Matenda awo nthaŵi zina amangotchedwa Attention Deficit Disorder (Nthenda ya Kusasumika Maganizo), kapena ADD. Dr. Ronald Goldberg akufotokoza kuti ADD “angakhale nayo popandiratu kukangalikitsa. Kapena angakhalenso nayo ndi mlingo uliwonse wakukangalikitsa—kuyambira kosaoneka kwenikweni, ndiyeno kokwiyitsa, mpaka kogwetsa ulesi.”

Kodi Chimachititsa ADHD Nchiyani?

Kwazaka zambiri, kwanenedwa kuti zochititsa mavuto a kusumika maganizo nzambiri, kuyambira kusalera bwino ana ngakhalenso magetsi amachubu. Tsopano akuti chochititsa ADHD ndicho kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zina za ubongo. Mu 1990 National Institute of Mental Health inapima akulu 25 osonyeza zizindikiro za ADHD ndipo inapeza kuti anali kugwiritsira ntchito glucose mochedwa kwambiri m’mbali za ubongo zimene zimatsogoza kayendedwe ndi kusumika maganizo. Mwa amene ali ndi ADHD okwanira ngati 40 peresenti, mpangidwe wa majini a munthu ukuoneka kuti umachititsanso zimenezo. Malinga ndi The Hyperactive Child Book, zina zimene zingachititse ADHD ndizo kumwa zoledzeretsa kapena mankhwala pamene mayi ali ndi mimba, kuloŵedwa mtovu, ndipo, nthaŵi zina, zakudya.

Wazaka za Kusinkhuka Ndiponso Mkulu wa ADHD

Zaka zaposachedwa madokotala apeza kuti ADHD siili chabe nthenda ya paubwana. “Kambiri,” akutero Dr. Larry Silver, “makolo amadza ndi mwana kuti timchiritse ndipo amati, ‘Inenso ndinali tere pamene ndinali wamng’ono.’ Ndiyeno amavomera kuti kumawavuta kuyembekezera mumzere, kukhazikika pamsonkhano wonse, kuchita zinthu.” Tsopano iwo akhulupirira kuti okwanira ngati theka la ana a ADHD amaloŵa nazo zina za zizindikiro zawo m’zaka za kusinkhuka mpaka uchikulire.

Pazaka za kusinkhuka, amene ali ndi ADHD angachoke pakhalidwe langozi nakhala opulupudza. “Ndinali kuda nkhaŵa kuti mwina iye sadzapita kukoleji,” akutero mayi wina wa mwana wazaka za kusinkhuka amene ali ndi ADHD. “Tsopano ndikungopemphera kuti asakaloŵe m’ndende.” Zakuti nkhaŵa yotero njomveka zikusonyezedwa ndi kufufuza koyerekeza anyamata okangalikitsa 103 ndi gulu la ana 100 amene analibe nthendayo. “Atafika kuchiyambi kwa zaka zawo za m’ma 20,” ikutero Newsweek, “ana a m’gulu la okangalikitsa anafika poti angakhale ndi mbiri yogwidwa kaŵiri kuposa enawo, kupezeka ndi milandu yaikulu kasanu ndi kuloŵa m’ndende kasanu ndi kanayi.”

Kwa wamkulu, ADHD imadzetsa mavuto apadera. Dr. Edna Copeland akuti: “Mnyamata wokangalikitsa angadzakhale wachikulire amene amasinthasintha ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito kambiri, kuwonongera nthaŵi pazachabe tsiku lonse ndi wosakhazikika.” Pamene chochititsa sichikudziŵika, zizindikirozo zingasokoneze ukwati. “Pakulankhulana wamba,” akutero mkazi wina wa mwamuna wa ADHD, “sanali kumva zonse zimene ndinali kukamba. Nthaŵi zonse anali kuchita ngati ali kwina.”

Inde, mikhalidwe imeneyi anthu ambiri ali nayo—pamlingo wakutiwakuti ndithu. “Muyenera kufunsa ngati zizindikirozo akhala nazo nthaŵi zonse,” akutero Dr. George Dorry. Mwachitsanzo, iye akuti ngati mwamunayo anayamba kuiŵalaiŵala kungoyambira pamene anamchotsa ntchito kapena pamene mkazi wake anakhala ndi mwana, limenelo si vuto ayi.

Ndiponso, ngati munthu ali nayodi ADHD, zizindikiro zake zimakhudza zonse—ndiko kuti, zimakhudza pafupifupi mbali zonse za moyo wake. Zinali choncho kwa Gary wazaka 38 zakubadwa, mwamuna waluntha, ndi wanyonga amene anali kulephera kumaliza ntchito imodzi popanda kuchenjeneka. Waloŵapo kale ntchito zoposa 120. “Ndinangokhutira ndi lingaliro lakuti sindidzakhoza ayi,” anatero. Koma Gary ndi ena ambiri—ana, azaka za kusinkhuka, ndi akulu—athandizidwa kupirira ADHD. Motani?