Kugulitsa Ana mu Uhule—Vuto la Dziko Lonse

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU SWEDEN

Anthu akuchita kakasi ndi kuipitsa ana konyansitsa kumene ukulu wake ndi mtundu wake wadziŵika kwambiri posachedwa. Pofuna kuona zimene angachite, nthumwi zoimira maiko 130 zinakumana ku Stockholm, Sweden, pa Msonkhano woyamba Woletsa Kugulitsa Ana mu Uhule. Ngakhale mtolankhani wa Galamukani! ku Sweden anapezekapo.

PAMENE Magdalen anali ndi zaka 14, anamnyengerera kuloŵa ntchito “yotumikira” m’bawa ku Manila, Philippines. Kwenikweni, ntchito yake inali ya kutenga makasitomala aamuna kuloŵa nawo m’kachipinda, kuvula zovala zake ndi kugona nawo—amuna 15 usiku umodzi ndiponso 30 Loŵeruka lililonse. Nthaŵi zina, atanena kuti sangathenso kupitiriza, womlemba ntchito anali kumuumiriza kuti apitirize. Nthaŵi zambiri amamasuka pantchito yake folo koloko mmaŵa, atatoperatu, ali wopsinjika, ndi wozunzika moyo.

Sareoun anali mnyamata wamng’ono wamasiye wa m’khwalala ku Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Anali kudwala chindoko ndipo anali kudziŵika kuti amagona ndi anthu ochokera kunja. Anampatsa nyumba yogonamo m’kachisi wotchedwa pagoda, ndipo yemwe kale anali wansembe wotchedwa mmonke anayenera ‘kumsamala.’ Komabe, mwamuna ameneyo anali kuipitsa mnyamatayo mwa kumgona ndipo anamsunga kuti alendo akunja azigonana naye. Pamene nyumba yake yogonamo m’pagoda inapasulidwa, anayamba kukhala ndi adzakhali ake koma iwo anamkakamizabe kuchita uhule m’makwalala.

Zimenezi zangokhala zitsanzo ziŵiri chabe za vuto loipa kwambiri limene anakambirana kumapeto a chaka chatha pa Msonkhano Woletsa Kugulitsa Ana mu Uhule. Kodi machitidwe ameneŵa ali ofala motani? Amakhudza ana zikwi mazana ambiri—inde, ena akuti mamiliyoni ambiri. Mmodzi wa nthumwizo anafotokoza vutolo mwachidule motere: “Ana amawagula ndi kuwagulitsa monga katundu wa chisembwere ndi wopezera chuma. Amawazembetsa m’maiko mwawo ndi kunja monga malonda aukatangale, kuwatsekera m’nyumba za mahule ndi kuwakakamiza kugona ndi anthu ambiri ofuna kuchita nawo chisembwere.”

M’mawu ake otsegulira pamsonkhanowo, nduna yaikulu ya Sweden, Göran Persson, anatcha malonda ameneŵa “upandu wankhalwe koposa, waunyama koposa ndi wonyansitsa.” Nthumwi ya United Nations inatero kuti imeneyo “ndiyo nkhanza yoopsa kwa ana . . . , nzonyansa kwadzaoneni ndipo kutero ndiko kunyalanyaza kwamwano zoyenera za munthu kumene sindinakuonepo.” Ambiri ananena mawu onga amenewo papulatifomu mkati mwa msonkhano wonsewo kusonyeza mkwiyo wawo pa kugulitsa ana mu uhule pamene anapenda kukula kwake kwa vutolo, mtundu wake, zochititsa, ndi zotsatira zake.

“Vutolo silili m’dziko limodzi ayi, zotsatira zake zimakhudza mibadwomibadwo,” chinatero chikalata china. Chinanso chinati: “Pachaka, ana ngati 1 miliyoni amaloŵa m’malonda a uhule aphindu kwambiri.” Zotsatira zake? “Umunthu wawo ndi ulemu umawonongeka ndipo mphamvu yawo ya kukhulupirira ena imachepa. Thanzi lawo ndi mtima wawo zimakhala pangozi, zoyenera zawo zimaponderezedwa ndipo mtsogolo mwawo mumasokonezeka.”

Zochititsa Zina

Kodi zina zimene zachititsa vutoli kukula msanga nzotani? Pamsonkhanopo panatchulidwa zakuti ana ena “mikhalidwe ndiyo imawaloŵetsa mu uhule, kuti apeze zofunika pakusauka kwawo, kuthandiza mabanja, kapena zogulira zovala ndi zinthu zina. Ena amakopeka ndi zithunzi zosonyezedwa nthaŵi zonse posatsa malonda za anthu opeza bwino.” Enanso amawaba ndi kuwakakamiza kuloŵa uhule. Makhalidwe omanyonyotsoka mofulumira kulikonse, ngakhalenso kupanda chiyembekezo, zinali zina za zochititsa zimene anatchula.

Atsikana ndi anyamata ambiri amaloŵa m’malonda a uhule chifukwa cha nkhanza pabanja—chiwawa ndi kugonedwa ndi wachibale panyumba zimawachotsa panyumba ndi kuwapititsa m’makwalala. Kumeneko, ogona ana ndi ena, ndipotu mwina ndi apolisi omwe, akhoza kuwaipitsa. Lipoti lonena za vutolo lakuti Kids for Hire (Ana a Selo) limasimba za Katia wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ku Brazil. Pamene wapolisi anamgwira, anamkakamiza kuchita naye zonyansa ndi zamanyazi namuuza kuti adzamphera achibale ake akaulula kwa mkulu wawo wa apolisi. Tsiku lotsatira wapolisiyo anabweranso ndi amuna ena asanu, onse ofuna kugona mtsikanayo.

Bungwe la Children’s Ombudsman (Ankhoswe a Ana) la ku Sweden linauza nthumwizo kuti: “Titafufuza zimene zimachititsa ana kukhala a selo, timapeza kuti mosakayika konse maulendo [oyendera chisembwere] ali ena a zochititsa zazikulu.” Lipoti lina linati: “Chimene kwenikweni chachititsa kuwonjezeka kodabwitsako kwa ana a selo pazaka khumi zapitazo ndiwo malonda okaona malo. Ana a selo ali zokopa zatsopano kwambiri kwa alendo oona malo zimene maiko omatukuka ali nazo.” “Maulendo oyendera chisembwere” kuchokera ku Ulaya, United States, Japan, ndi kwina amafuna kuti ana a selo azipezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Kampani ina ya ndege ku Ulaya inagwiritsira ntchito chithunzi cha mwana wamaliseche atadzikonza modzutsa chilakolako polengeza maulendo oyendera chisembwere. Pachaka makampani a maulendo amakonzera anthu zikwizikwi maulendo oyendera chisembwere.

Ndiponso pampambo wautali wa zochititsa vutoli pali njira yatsopano yolengezera malonda a uhule ndi ana padziko lonse. Njira yotchedwa Internet, pamodzi ndi makompyuta ake ena, akuti ndiyo yokha imene kumachoka zaumaliseche zochuluka koposa. Makina a vidiyo otsika mtengo athandiziranso kupanga zaumaliseche zophatikizapo ana.

Kodi Ndani Akuchita Zimenezo?

Achikulire ambiri amene amaipitsa ana mwa kuwagona amatchedwa ogona ana. Munthu wotero ali ndi chilakolako chopotoka chokonda kugona ana. Malinga ndi bungwe la Children’s Ombudsman ku Sweden, “iwo kwenikweni sali amuna auchisi ndi okalamba, ovala makhoti a mvula kapenanso anthu achiwawa. Wogona ana weniweni amakhala mwamuna wazaka zapakati wophunzira bwino, nthaŵi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi anawo monga mphunzitsi, dokotala, wantchito yothandiza anthu kapena wansembe.”

Bungwe la ku Sweden limenelo linatchula chitsanzo cha Mfilipino wina dzina lake Rosario, mtsikana wazaka 12 amene anaipitsidwa ndi dokotala wa ku Austria, mlendo woyendera chisembwere. Kumuipitsa kwake kunadzetsa imfa ya mtsikanayo.

Carol Bellamy, mkulu wa UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) ku Geneva, anafotokoza zotsatirazi ponena za mtsikanayo Mfilipino wazaka 12: “Anthu achikulire amene ali ndi thayo losamala ana ndi kuwateteza ndiwo amalola ndi kuchirikiza machitidwe osaloleka ameneŵa. Pali aphunzitsi, madokotala, apolisi, andale, ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo amene amagwiritsira ntchito kutchuka kwawo ndi udindo wawo kugona ana.”

Chipembedzonso Chilimo

Nthumwi ya Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika kumsonkhano wa ku Stockholm inanena kuti kugona ana ndiwo “upandu wonyansa koposa” ndi kuti “wakhalako chifukwa cha kupotoka ndi kunyonyotsoka kwa mwambo.” Komabe, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi machitachita otero amene atsogoleri ake achipembedzo achita.

M’kope la August 16, 1993, la Newsweek, nkhani yakuti “Ansembe ndi Kuipitsa” inasimba za “chitonzo choipitsitsa chimene atsogoleri achipembedzo achita m’mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika ku United States.” Inati: “Pamene kuli kwakuti ansembe ngati 400 awasumira mlandu kuyambira 1982, anthu ena a tchalitchi akuganiza kuti ansembe okwanira 2,500 aipitsa ana kapena achinyamata. . . . Pambali pa kuwonongetsa ndalama za tchalitchi, chitonzochi chadzetsanso manyazi aakulu pa tchalitchi—ndi kwa atsogoleri ake ena odzisunga.” Umu ndi mmenenso zakhalira m’zipembedzo zina padziko lonse.

Ray Wyre, phungu pa maupandu a chisembwere wa ku United Kingdom, anasimbira osonkhanawo ku Stockholm za anyamata aŵiri amene wansembe anawaipitsa mwauchinyama. Mnyamata wina tsopano ali ndi bungwe lakelake lothandiza ana omwe ankagonedwa ndi ansembe, koma winayo, iyenso tsopano ndi wogona ana.

Mettanando Bhikkhu, katswiri pa Chibuda wa ku Thailand, anasimba kuti “mapembedzedwe ena achibuda ali ndi mlandu wa malonda ogulitsa ana mu uhule ku Thailand m’mbali zosiyanasiyana. M’midzi ya ku Thailand, ansembe otchedwa amonke nthaŵi zina apindula ndi ndalama zimene ana okakamizidwa kuloŵa uhule amabweretsa pamudzi.”

Kodi Chingachitidwe Nchiyani?

Dr. Julia O’Connell Davidson, wa pa Yunivesite ya Leicester ku United Kingdom, anapempha osonkhanawo kutsutsa zifukwa zimene amaliwongowo amapereka ponena za khalidwe lawo. Oipitsa ana nthaŵi zambiri amalimbikira pakupereka zifukwa zimene amangoganizira zakuti mwanayo ngwachiwerewere, nanenetsa kuti mwanayo ngwodetsedwa kale ndiponso ngwowonongeka. Enanso amagwiritsira ntchito zonena zawo zopotoka ndi zonama zakuti zochita zawo sizimavulaza mwanayo ndi kuti mwanayo amapindula.

Gulu lofufuza maulendo oyendera chisembwere linalimbikitsa kuti angalimbane nalo vutolo mwa maphunziro akusukulu. Ndiponso, mawu oletsa kugona ana ayenera kufikira waulendo aliyense paulendo wonse—asananyamuke, ali paulendo, ndipo atafika kumene akupita.

Ponena za njira zamakono zoonetsera zinthu, gululo linalimbikitsa kuti maiko apatsidwe malangizo ochotsera zinthu zimene zimalimbikitsa kugona ana. Analingaliranso zokhala ndi bungwe padziko lonse lapansi limene lingayang’anire ntchito imeneyi. Gulu linanso linalimbikitsa kuti zamaliseche zophatikizapo ana zosonyezedwa pa makompyuta, ndiponso kupezeka ndi mabuku a zaumaliseche a ana zikhale mlandu waukulu m’maiko onse, ndi kuti malamulo akhale ndi chilango chake.

Kodi makolo angachitenji? Gulu lina losamalira za ntchito ya oulutsa nkhani linalimbikitsa kuti makolo azisamala thayo lawo loteteza ana awo. Linati: “Makolo sayenera chabe kuyang’anira ana awo pamene akula nayamba kuonerera zoulutsidwa koma afunika kupereka chidziŵitso china, mafotokozedwe ndi magwero ena a chidziŵitso kuti aletse mphamvu ya zoulutsira nkhani ndi kuthandiza ana awo kukula m’chidziŵitso.”

Posimba za msonkhanowo, programu ina pa TV ku Sweden inagogomezera kuti makolo afunika kuwayang’anira bwino ana awo ndi kuwadziŵitsa za ngozi zake. Komabe, inalangiza kuti: “Musamangochenjeza ana anu za ‘amuna auve okalamba’ basi, chifukwa anawo . . . amaganiza kuti ayenera kuchenjera ndi amuna achikulire okha auve, pamene munthu amene amachita upandu wotero angavalenso ndi yunifomu yomwe kapena suti yabwino. Chotero, achenjezeni za alendo amene amasonyeza chidwi chopambana mwa iwo.” Inde, ananso ayenera kuwachenjeza za munthu aliyense amene amafuna kuchita nawo zosayenera, ngakhale anthu amene akuwadziŵa, ndi kuwalimbikitsa kukanena kwa amene ali ndi udindo.

Mankhwala Okha

Zimene msonkhano wa ku Stockholm sunatchule ndiyo njira imene angagonjetsere zochititsa kugulitsa ana mu uhule. Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kunyonyotsoka kwa makhalidwe kulikonse; kuchuluka kwa dyera ndi kukhumba chuma; anthu ochuluka osamvera malamulo oteteza anthu pa chisalungamo; anthu ambiri osasamala za ubwino, ulemu, ndi moyo wa ena; mabanja omasweka mofulumira; kufalikira kwa umphaŵi chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kwa anthu, kusoŵa ntchito, kusamukira ku mizinda ndi maiko ena; kuchuluka kwa ufuko wodana ndi alendo ndi othaŵa kwawo; kupanga anamgoneka ambirimbiri ndi malonda ake; ndi malingaliro oluluzika achipembedzo, machitachita oluluzika, ndi miyambo yoluluzika.

Ngakhale kuti kugulitsa ana mu uhule nkochititsa kakasi, oŵerenga bwinobwino Baibulo sadabwa nako kumeneku ayi. Chifukwa? Chifukwa tsopano tili m’nthaŵi zimene Baibulo limatcha “masiku otsiriza” ndipo, malinga ndi Mawu a Mulungu, ndizo “nthaŵi zoŵaŵitsa.” (2 Timoteo 3:1-5, 13) Choncho kodi nzodabwitsa kuti makhalidwe aipa chiipire?

Komabe, Baibulo limasonya mtsogolo ponena za mankhwala okha a mavuto aakulu a dzikoli—kuyeretseratu zonse kumene Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse adzachita. Posachedwa adzaonetsa mphamvu yake ndi kuchotsapo padziko lapansi onse amene samatsata mapulinsipulo ake olungama ndi malamulo: “Oongoka mtima adzakhala m’dziko, angwiro nadzatsalamo. Koma oipa adzalikhidwa m’dziko, achiwembu adzazulidwamo.”—Miyambo 2:21, 22; 2 Atesalonika 1:6-9.

‘Olikhidwa’ adzaphatikizapo onse amene amaloŵetsa ana uhule ndi anthu oipa amene amachita nkhanza kwa ana. Mawu a Mulungu amati: “Adama . . . kapena achigololo . . . kapena akudziipsa ndi amuna [kapena anyamata] . . . sadzaloŵa Ufumu wa Mulungu.” (1 Akorinto 6:9, 10) Amawonjezanso kuti “onyansa, . . . ndi achigololo” adzapita ku “imfa yachiŵiri”—chiwonongeko chosatha.—Chivumbulutso 21:8.

Mulungu adzayeretsa dziko lapansi ndi kubweretsa dongosolo latsopano kotheratu la zinthu ndi lolungama, “miyamba yatsopano, ndi dziko latsopano.” (2 Petro 3:13) Ndiyeno, m’dzikolo latsopano limene iye adzapanga, anthu oipa ndi opotoka sadzalima pamsana anthu opanda chifukwa. Ndipo opanda chifukwawo sadzaopanso kuti ena adzawavulaza, pakuti “sipadzakhala wakuwaopsa.”—Mika 4:4.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 28]

“Upandu wankhalwe koposa ndi wonyansitsa.”—Nduna yaikulu ya Sweden

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 29]

“Mlungu uliwonse, amuna kuyambira 10 miliyoni mpaka 12 miliyoni amapita kwa mahule achichepere.”—The Economist, London

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 30]

Maulendo oyendera chisembwere ndiwo chochititsa chachikulu cha kugulitsa ana mu uhule m’maiko omatukuka

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Maulendo Oyendera Chisembwere—Chifukwa?

(Zifukwa zina zimene alendo okaona malo amagonera ana)

(1) Kusadziŵika kwake mlendoyo kumammasula pazovuta zimene angakhale nazo kwawo

(2) Chifukwa chosadziŵa bwino kapena kusadziŵiratu chinenero cha dzikolo, alendowo angaganize kuti kulipira mwana ndalama kuti amgone ambiri amakuvomereza kapena kuti ndiyo njira yothandiza nayo mwanayo kumchotsa mu umphaŵi

(3) Mzimu waufuko umasonkhezera alendowo kulima pamsana anthu ena amene iwo amaganiza kuti ali apansi kwa iwo

(4) Alendowo amaganiza kuti ali olemera pamene aona kuti kuchita chisembwere nkosavuta m’maiko omatukuka

[Bokosi patsamba 31]

Kukula Kwake kwa Vutolo Padziko Lonse

(Zotsatirazi ndi ziŵerengero zoperekedwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana a boma ndi enanso)

Brazil: Ali ndi ana a selo okwanira ngati 250,000

Canada: Atsikana zikwizikwi akuchita uhule mothandizidwa ndi magulu olinganizika a amuna oyang’anira mahule

China: Ana a selo kuyambira 200,000 mpaka 500,000. Posachedwapa atsikana achitchaina okwanira ngati 5,000 anyengedwa kuchoka m’dziko lawo ndi kukagulitsidwa ngati mahule ku Myanmar

Colombia: Chiŵerengero cha ana ogulitsidwa m’malonda a uhule m’makwalala a Bogotá chawonjezeka kasanu pazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zapita

Eastern Europe: Ana 100,000 a m’makwalala. Ambiri amatumizidwa kunyumba za mahule ku Western Europe

India: Ana 400,000 ali m’malonda a uhule

Mozambique: Mabungwe achithandizo anaimba mlandu asilikali osungitsa mtendere a United Nations kuti anali kugona ana

Myanmar: Atsikana ndi akazi achikulire 10,000 amatumizidwa kunyumba za mahule ku Thailand chaka chilichonse

Philippines: Pali ana 40,000

Sri Lanka: Ana 10,000 azaka 6 mpaka 14 akusungidwa m’nyumba za mahule ndipo 5,000 azaka 10 mpaka 18 akuchita ntchitoyo paokha kumalo a alendo

Taiwan: Pali ana 30,000

Thailand: Pali ana 300,000

United States: Ena m’boma amati pali ana oposa 100,000