Nkhondo Zikupha Ana

UBWANA umayenera kukhala nthaŵi yachisangalalo. Nthaŵi imene umakondedwa, ndi kusamaliridwa. Nthaŵi yosadziŵa zinthu. Ana amayembekezeredwa kuseŵera, kuphunzira, ndi kukhala ndi makhalidwe omwe akawathandiza kudzidalira atakula. Ana sayenera kuphedwa, ndipo iwo ndithudi sayenera kupha. Komabe, m’nthaŵi za nkhondo, zinthu zambiri zomwe siziyenera kuchitika zimachitika.

Mwachisoni, nkhondo zili dziko lonse, ndipo zimapha ana, zikumawononga zonse ana ndi ubwana. Mu 1993, nkhondo zazikulu zinamenyedwa m’maiko 42 pamene ziwawa zandale zinachitika mu ena 37. Mu lililonse la maiko 79 ameneŵa muli ana.

Achinyamata ambiri masiku ano sanaonepo mtendere. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1995, panali kumenyana ku Angola kwa zaka zoposa 30, ku Afghanistan kwa zaka 17, ku Sri Lanka kwa zaka 11, ndi ku Somalia kwa zaka 7. M’malo awa ndi awo, andale amanena motsimikiza za “mapangano amtendere,” koma nkhondo zinapitirizabe kuwononga miyoyo ya anthu.

Nkhondo nthaŵi zonse zasakaza ana, koma kusintha kwa mamenyedwe a nkhondo m’zaka zaposachedwa kwapangitsa kuwonjezereka kwa anthu wamba ophedwa, kuphatikizapo ana. Pankhondo za m’zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, pafupifupi theka la akufa anali anthu wamba. Pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, yomwe inamenyedwa kuyambira 1939 kufikira 1945, anthu wamba akufa anawonjezeka kukwana magawo aŵiri mwa atatu a akufa onse pankhondo, pang’ono chifukwa chakuti mizinda anaiphulitsa kwambiri ndi mabomba.

Podzafika kumapeto kwa ma 1980, chiŵerengero cha anthu wamba akufa pankhondo chinakwera kufika pafupifupi 90 peresenti! Chifukwa chimodzi chinapangitsa zimenezi nchakuti pankhondo tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito maluso osiyanasiyana. Sikuti asilikali amangokumana kubwalo la nkhondo kokha. Kumenyana kochuluka masiku ano, sikuli pakati pa maiko, koma m’maiko. Ndiponso, kumenyana kumachitikira m’midzi kapena m’mizinda, ndiye kumeneko, chifukwa cha nkhanza ndi kukayikira, akuphawo sasiyanitsa pakati pa adani ndi anthu wamba osalakwa.

Kusakaza kwake pa ana nkwakukulu. Malinga ndi bungwe loona za ana la United Nations Children’s Fund, nkhondo zapha ana mamiliyoni ngati aŵiri ndi kupundula ena pakati pa mamiliyoni anayi ndi asanu pazaka khumi zapitazi zokha. Nkhondo zachititsa ana oposa miliyoni imodzi kukhala amasiye ndiponso mamiliyoni 12 kusoŵa pokhala. Chifukwa cha nkhondo, ana pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi anasokonezeka maganizo.

Malaibulale adzaza ndi mabuku onena za nkhondo. Ameneŵa amanena za mmene nkhondozo zinamenyedwera ndi zifukwa zake; amanena zida ndi njira zomwe zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito; amakumbutsa za akazembe a nkhondo omwe anatsogolera kuphanako. Mafilimu amasonyeza kusangalatsa kwake ndipo amachepsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha nkhondo. Mabuku ndi mafilimu oterowo amanena zochepa za anthu osalakwa okhudzidwa ndi nkhondo. Nkhani zotsatira zidzanenapo momwe ana awagwiritsira ntchito kukhala ankhondo, momwe akhalira okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhondo kuposa ena, ndipo chifukwa chake ife timanena kuti ana alero akhoza kukhala ndi mtsogolo mwabwino zedi.