Phokoso Chinthu Chovutitsa Kwambiri Makono

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU BRITAIN

“Chinthu chimodzi mwa zosautsa kwambiri pamoyo.”—Makis Tsapogas, phungu wa bungwe la World Health Organization.

“Ndi chinthu chosokosera kopambana mu America.”—The Boston Sunday Globe, U.S.A.

“Chosokosera kopambana m’nthaŵi yathu.”—Daily Express, London, England.

SIMUTHA kuchiona, kuchinunkhiza, kuchilaŵa, kapena kuchigwira. PHOKOSO, ndi chinthu chosokoneza moyo wamakono wa m’tauni. Ndipo tsopano likusokoneza ndi moyo wa m’midzi womwe.

Katswiri wa zachilengedwe wa ku America yemwe anatha zaka 16 akujambula mamvekedwe a mapokoso achilengedwe wapeza kuti ntchito yake ikukhala yovuta kwambiri. Mu 1984 anapeza malo osiyanasiyana 21 m’boma la Washington, U.S.A., amene anali kukhala bata kopanda phokoso lina lililonse kwa mphindi 15 kapena kuposerapo. Patapita zaka zitatu, malowo anatsala atatu okha.

Kwa anthu ochuluka m’dziko, nzovuta kuti apeze malo atatu opanda phokoso lililonse. Ku Japan, lipoti la dziko lonselo la mu 1991 linanena kuti phokoso ndilo linachititsa anthu ambiri kudandaula kuposa choipitsa china chilichonse. Ndithudi, magazini a ku London otchedwa The Times analondola ponena kuti phokoso ndilo “mliri waukulu kopambana pamoyo wamakono.” Kungoyambira ndi kuuwa kosokosera kosalekeza kwa galu mpaka kuimba kogonthetsa m’makutu kwa wailesi ya mnansi kapena phokoso losalekeza la alamu kapena wailesi ya m’galimoto. Komabe, kusokosera kwa phokoso si kwatsopano. Kunayamba kalekale.

Si Vuto Latsopano

Pofuna kuchepetsako ngolo m’misewu, Kaisara Julius analetsa ngolo zamagudumu kufika m’tauni ya Roma m’nthaŵi yausana. Komabe zinaipiranso iye limodzi ndi Aroma anzake, chifukwa lamulolo linapangitsa mapokoso osokosera kwambiri usiku, “a magudumu amtengo ndi achitsulo a ngolozo pomakunkhulika poyenda m’misewu yoyalamo miyala.” (The City in History, lolembedwa ndi Lewis Mumford) Patapita zaka zoposa zana limodzi, wolemba ndakatulo Juvenal anadandaula kuti phokoso linachititsa nzika za Roma kudwala matenda a kusaona tulo kwamuyaya.

Pofika m’zaka za zana la 16, London, likulu la England, anakhala mzinda wapiringupiringu kwambiri. Alison Plowden, wolemba buku lakuti Elizabethan England, analemba kuti: “Chinthu choyamba chimene chinakopa chidwi cha alendo ambiri, chinali mapokoso: mawu okuwa ndi mapokoso azitsulo m’malo antchito ambirimbiri, phokoso la mawiro a galimoto, kulira kwa ng’ombe pozitengera ku msika, kukuŵa kwa ogulitsa m’misewu ponenerera malonda awo.”

Chitukuko cha maindasitale chinayambira m’zaka za zana la 18. Zotsatira za phokoso la makina zinayamba kuonekera pamene ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale anayamba kuwonongeka m’makutu. Koma ngakhale okhala m’mizinda kutali ndi mafakitale anadandaula za kusokosera kwakukulu. Wolemba mbiri Thomas Carlyle, pofuna kuthaŵa phokoso anakakhala “m’chipinda mosamvekera phokoso” padenga la nyumba yake mu London, kuti asamamve kulira kwa atambala, mapiyano a anansi, ndi galimoto zodutsa mumsewu wapafupipo. Magazini ya The Times inanena kuti: “Sizinamthandize.” Nchifukwa chiyani? “Pamenepo anakumana ndi mapokoso ena osokosera mopsetsa mtima, ophatikizapo kulira kwa mabelu a mabwato ndi sitima zapamtunda”!

Chosokosera Chofalikira Kwambiri Makono

Lerolino, otsutsa mapokoso amasumika maganizo pa mabwalo a ndege pamenenso makampani a ndege amatsutsa mwamphamvu kuti pasakhale lamulo loletsa phokoso. Pamene eni bwalo la ndege ku Manchester mu England anayamba kulipiritsa mlandu wopanga phokoso nthaŵi zonse pamene ndege yotchedwa Concorde inanyamuka, kodi zimenezi zinathetsa vutolo? Ayi. Woyendetsa ndege ya Concorde wina anavomereza kuti ndegeyo inalidi yaphokoso, nati koma ngati inyamuka ndi mafuta ochepa kuti ichepetseko phokoso, siitha kufika ku Toronto kapena ku New York osaima m’njira.

Kuyesa kuchepetsa phokoso la galimoto pamsewu kulinso kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, kufufuza kunasonyeza kuti phokoso limasokosera 64 peresenti ya anthu a m’dzikolo. Ndipo vutolo likukulirakulira. Akuti lakula kufika pamlingo wa chikwi chimodzi kuposa nthaŵi imene kunalibe galimoto. Lipoti lina lochokera ku Greece linanena kuti “Anthens ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yaphokoso kwambiri mu Ulaya ndipo mapokoso ake akusakaza umoyo wa nzika za Anthens.” Mofananamo, bungwe loyang’anira zachilengedwe la Environmental Agency la ku Japan lazindikira mkhalidwe umene ukuipiraipira wa phokoso la galimoto ndipo likuti chochititsa ndicho kuchuluka kwa galimoto. Pamene galimoto liyenda pang’onopang’ono, injini ndiyo imapanga phokoso kwambiri, koma ikathamanga liŵiro lopitirira makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi, matayala ndiwo amapanga phokoso kwambiri.

Madandaulo ambiri ku Britain amakhalapo chifukwa cha mapokoso ochokera m’nyumba. Mu 1996, bungwe loona za umoyo wachilengedwe la ku Britain lotchedwa Chartered Institute of Environmental Health linaona chiwonjezeko cha 10 peresenti pa madandaulo onena za anansi aphokoso kwambiri. Wolankhulira bungwelo anathirira ndemanga iyi: “Nzovuta kufotokoza. Chochititsa chimodzi chingakhale chakuti kupanikizika kwa anthu pantchito zawo kungamawapangitse kufuna kwambiri mtendere ndi bata panyumba.” Zigawo ziŵiri mwa zitatu pamadandaulo operekedwa ku Britain mu 1994 anali a kuimba nyimbo pawailesi mpaka usiku ndi phokoso la galimoto, maalamu, ndi mahutala. Koma bwanji za 70 peresenti ya anthu ovutitsidwa ndi mapokosowo omwe samadandaula poopa kuti angawaukire? Vutolo nlosautsa kwenikweni.

Chifukwa cha vuto la phokoso lofalikira kulikonse, mabungwe okhala ndi cholinga choteteza malo kukhala abata akumenyera nkhondo kuti pakhale malamulo ochepetsa mapokoso osokosera. Mwachitsanzo, m’madera ena a United States, aika malamulo ochepetsa makina odulira kapinga ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Ku Britain, lamulo latsopano loletsa phokoso lotchedwa Noise Act laikidwa kaamba ka anansi aphokoso kwambiri ndipo limalamula kulipira faindi kwa nthaŵi yomweyo ngati munthu aliswa pakati pa 11:00 p.m. ndi 7:00 a.m. Akuluakulu aboma kumeneko alinso ndi ulamuliro wa kulanda wailesi yopanga phokosoyo. Komabe, phokoso likupitirizabe.

Poona kuti mapokoso osokosera akukhala vuto lomakulakulabe, inu wovutitsidwa mungafunse kuti kodi mutani. Komanso, mungapeŵe motani kupangitsa phokoso? Kodi nzotheka kuti tsiku lina padzakhala mtendere ndi bata? Ŵerengani nkhani yotsatirayo kuti mupeze mayankho.