Phokoso—Zimene Mungachite Nalo

MUTATOPA ndi ntchito ya tsikulo, mukugona tulo tofa nato. Mwadzidzidzi, mukugalamuka pakumva kuuwa kwa agalu a anansi anu. Mutembenukira mbali inayo ndi chiyembekezo choti agaluwo adzasiya kuuwa kosokoserako. Koma sasiya ayi. Angopitirizabe kuuwako osaleka. Mutakwiya, tulo osationanso, ndipo tsopano m’maso mutayereratu, mukudabwa kuti kodi anansi anuwo atha bwanji kugona ndi phokoso lotero.

Anthu amachita mosiyanasiyana ndi phokoso. Ogwira ntchito kubwalo la ndege amene amakhala pafupi ndi misewu yothamangamo ndege samavutitsidwa kwambiri ndi phokoso la ndege mmene amavutikira aja amene ntchito yawo siikhudzana ndi za ndege. Mkazi wapanyumba amene amaphikira m’makina amagetsi ophikira otchedwa food processor samavutitsidwa ndi phokoso la makinawo mmene akuvutikira munthu winayo amene ali m’chipinda china amene akuŵerenga buku kapena kuonerera TV.

Kodi Phokoso Losokosera Ndilo Lotani?

Maiko amasiyana ponena za phokoso limene amalitcha losokosera. Ku Mexico, phokoso ndi “lililonse limene limasokosera kapena lovulaza munthu.” Ku New Zealand, phokoso amaliona kukhala lopambanitsa “pamene lisokoneza mtendere, bata, ndi khalidwe la munthu aliyense.”

Asayansi aŵiri otchuka, Alexander Graham Bell, yemwe anapanga telefoni, ndi Heinrich Hertz, katswiri wa physics wa ku Germany, ali odziŵika kwambiri pa za kupima phokoso. Muyezo wopimira phokoso umatchedwa bel, kapena liwu lofala kwambiri lakuti decibel (gawo limodzi la ma bel khumi), ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito hertz kupimira kukwera kwa phokoso (pitch), kapena chiunda chake cha mawu (frequency). Pamene apima phokoso, malipoti kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyeza mlingo wa ma decibel a phokoso.a

Koma kodi ndani amadziŵa bwino ukulu wa kusokosera kwa phokoso? Inuyo womvera! Magazini ya ku London yotchedwa The Independent inati: “Khutu la munthu nlimene litha kudziŵa bwino phokoso losokosera.”

Mmene Phokoso Limavulazira

Pakuti khutu ndilo “limadziŵa bwino” phokoso, ndilonso chiŵalo chimene chimavulala nalo. Ngati mitsempha ya mkatikati mwa khutu iwonongeka munthuyo atha kulekeratu kumva. Nzoona kuti anthu amachita mosiyana akamva phokoso lalikulu. Koma ngati wina amvera kaŵirikaŵiri mapokoso opitirira 80 mpaka 90 decibel m’kupita kwa nthaŵi akhoza kugontha makutu. Ndithudi, pamene phokoso likwera, simuyenera kupitiriza kukhala pamalopo tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti musawononge makutu anu.

Magazini ya New Scientist inati timawailesi ta m’thumba tambiri timene amagulitsa ku France timakhala ndi phokoso lofika pa 113 decibel. Ponena za kufufuza kwina, magaziniyo inati “nyimbo zina za rock zimene zinaimbidwa mwaphokoso kwambiri kwa ola limodzi pa wailesi ya m’thumba, nthaŵi zambiri phokoso lake linapitirira pa 100 decibel ndipo linafika pafupifupi 127 decibel.” Zoopsa kwambiri ndizo phokoso limene limakhala kumakonsati kumene amaimba ndi magitala. Wofufuza wina anapeza anthu ena ataunjikana pafupi ndi malaudisipika osanjikizana ali mumkhalidwe wonga okomoka. Iye anati: “Ndinali wothobwa m’maso, kugunda kwa magitalawo kunali kumveka m’thupi mwangamu, ndipo phokoso lakelo linali lopweteka m’makutu mwanga.”

Kodi phokoso lingakuyambukireni motani? Katswiri wina anati: “Mapokoso anthaŵi zonse apansipansi ndi okwera kwambiri amachititsa munthu kupsinjika maganizo, kufooketsa thupi, ndi kukhala ndi mtima wapachala.” Profesa Gerald Fleischer, wa pa University of Giessen ku Germany anati: “Kusokosera kwa phokoso sikumangopha chisangalalo pamoyo wa munthu, koma kumavulazanso thupi ndi maganizo a munthuyo.” Professor Makis Tsapogas, akunena kuti, pamene phokoso liwonjezera pamavuto ena amene tili nawo kale, likhoza kuchititsa munthu kupsinjika maganizo ndi kudwalanso matenda ena.

Kukhala m’malo aphokoso kwa nthaŵi yaitali kungayambukire umunthu wanu. Pamene ofufuza a boma la Britain anafunsa anthu ovutitsidwa ndi phokoso mmene anamvera ponena za aja opanga mapokosowo, iwo anati amawada, amafuna kubwezera, ngakhaletu kufuna kuwapha kumene. Kumbali inayi, opanga phokosowo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala aukali pamene anthu nthaŵi zonse adandaula za iwo. Munthu wina wochirikiza kampeni yoletsa phokoso ananena kuti: “Phokoso limachepetsa chifundo cha anthu ndipo limakulitsa ukali ndi chidani.”

Anthu ambiri amene avutitsidwa ndi phokoso amapeza kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi amayamba kulizoloŵera phokosolo. Zikufanana ndi zimene ananena mkazi wina woyandikana ndi anansi amene ankaimba nyimbo pawailesi mopokosera kwambiri: “Pamene ukakamizidwa kumvetsera chinthu chimene sumafuna, iwenso umawonongeka. . . . Ngakhale pamene phokosolo linatha, tinali kuliyembekezera nthaŵi iliyonse.”

Koma kodi palibe chimene mungachite nalo phokoso losokosera?

Zimene Mungachite

Chifukwa chakuti phokoso limapezeka paliponse, anthu ambiri samazindikiranso pamene alikusokosera ena. Akanadziŵa, ena akanasiya kuchita chinthu chosokosera enacho. Nchifukwa chake kumfikira mwaubwenzi mnansi wopanga phokosoyo kumathandiza. Munthu wina anakwiya pamene mnansi wake anakadandaula kuboma kuti iye anali waphokoso. Anati: “Bwanji sakanangobwera kudzakambirana nane ngati kuti ndimawasokosera ndi phokoso?” Mayi wina yemwe anakonza phwando ndi ana aang’ono anadzidzimuka pamene anafikiridwa ndi wantchito wa boma amene anadzafufuza za dandaulo limene linaperekedwa kaamba ka phokoso. Iye anati: “Amene anakadandaulawo akanangofika pakhomo panga ndi kundiuza kuti ndimawasokosera.” Ndicho chifukwa chake, wantchito ya umoyo wa zachilengedwe wa ku Britain anadabwa pamene anapeza kuti 80 peresenti ya anthu odandaula za phokoso lochokera kwa anansi sanapemphepo anansi awowo kuti achepetseko phokosolo.

Kulephera kwa anthu kukambirana ndi anansi awo aphokoso kumasonyeza kuti anthu samalemekezana. ‘Nditafuna kuimba nyimbo zanga, ndiyenera kuimba basi. Ndili ndi ufulu wakutero!’ Ndilo yankho limene amayembekezera ndipo ndilimene amapatsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Amaopa kuti pempho lawo laulemu lakuti anansiwo achepetseko voliyamu ya wailesi lingapute kulongolola chifukwa anansi aphokosowo amaona dandaulo lawolo kukhala losayenera. Ndi khalidwe lachisoni kotani nanga la dziko lamakono! Zangokhala ndendende ndi mawu a m’Baibulo akuti mu “nthaŵi zoŵaŵitsa” zino, anthu ambiri adzakhala ‘odzikonda okha, odzikuza, aukali, ndi aliuma’!—2 Timoteo 3:1-4.

Zimadalira kwambiri pa njira imene wovutitsidwayo amafikira nayo mnzakeyo. Magazini yakuti Woman’s Weekly ikupereka chitsanzo chotsatirachi monga njira yothetsera mkangano umene ungabuke pamene wina adandaula mwaukali: “Kunena mwaubwino ndi mwaulemu kuti, ‘Pepani ndinapsa mtima—kungoti ndimakhala wotopa kwambiri ndikapanda kugona usiku,’ kungabweze mtima wa [anansi oputidwawo].” Mwinamwake iwo angachotse ziwiya zokuzira mawuzo pafupi ndi khoma lolekanitsa nyumba yawo ndi yanu ndiponso angatsitseko voliyamu yake.

Kunena zoona, kumakhala kopindulitsa kukhala paubwenzi wabwino ndi anansi anu. M’maiko ena kumakhala antchito zaboma ena amene amadzathandiza kusungitsa mtendere pakati pa anthu oyandikana nyumba. Kuopera chidani chimene chimabukapo wina akapereka dandaulo ku boma, tiyenera kuitanira wantchito wa boma kokha pamene “njira zina zonse zalephera.”

Ngati mwaganiza zosamukira kumalo ena, ndi bwino kukafufuziratu kuona ngati kuli mapokoso ena alionse musanasainirane zokaloŵa m’nyumbamo. Antchito yothandiza kupeza malo amanena kuti muyenera kuyendera nyumba imene mufuna kusamukiramoyo nthaŵi zosiyanasiyana patsiku kuti muone ngati pali phokoso lililonse. Mungafunsire kwa ena okhala chapamalopo. Mukakumana ndi mavuto mutasamukira m’nyumba yanu yatsopanoyo, yesetsani kuwathetsa m’njira yaubwenzi. Kukanenerana kuboma kaŵirikaŵiri kumadzetsa chidani.

Koma bwanji ngati mumakhala pamalo aphokoso kwambiri ndipo mulibe njira yoti musamukire kwina? Kodi muyenera kungovutikabe kwamuyaya? Osati kwenikweni.

Mmene Mungadzitetezere ku Phokoso

Onetsetsani zimene mungachite kuti muteteze nyumba yanu ku mapokoso akunja. Yang’anani makoma ndi pansi kuona ngati pali mobooka moyenera kumatamo. Makamaka onani mmene muli masoketi amagetsi. Kodi ali ogwira bwinobwino?

Kaŵirikaŵiri phokoso limaloŵa m’nyumba kudzera pamakomo ndi mazenera. Kuwonjeza magalasi achiŵiri pamazenera kungathandize kuchepetsa phokoso limene lingaloŵe. Ngakhale kuwonjeza kampira kopsapsala ku felemu ya chitseko chanu kuti chizigwira bwino chikatsekeka. Mwinamwake kumanga likole ndi kuika chitseko china kungateteze phokoso la galimoto zodutsa m’njira kusamveka kwambiri m’chipinda chochezera.

Ngakhale kuti mapokoso a galimoto akuchuluka mofulumira kwambiri, opanga galimoto nthaŵi zonse amapanga zipangizo zatsopano ndi njira zochepetsera phokoso mkati mwa galimoto lanu. Matayala a galimoto osapanga phokoso kwambiri amathandizanso. M’maiko ambiri kuyesa misewu yatala yosiyanasiyana kwachititsa kuti apange misewu yatala yopanda phokoso kwambiri yotchedwa “whisper concrete,” mmene miyala yake ina imatsala yoonekera pamwamba moti siimaperesana kwambiri ndi matayala. Kuyenda pamsewu wotero amati kumachepetsa phokoso ndi ma decibel aŵiri ku galimoto zazing’ono, ndi decibel imodzi ku malole aakulu kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi sizikuoneka kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu, kuchepa kwa phokoso ndi ma decibel atatu nkofananako ndi kuchepetsa phokoso la galimoto ndi theka!

Opanga misewu tsopano amapanga misewu imene imabisika ndi zochinga m’mbali kapena ziunda zimene zimachepetsa phokoso. Ngakhale kumene kulibe malo oti nkumanga ziunda zimenezi, amabzala mitengo yochinga bwino, yonga ya kummaŵa kwa London yolukana bwinobwino ndi zomera zina zosauma chaka chonse, zimene zimateteza anthu okhala pafupi ndi msewu waukuluwo kuti mapokoso asamawasokosere.

Kufafaniza phokoso ndi phokoso lina lotchedwa white sound—mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya static kapena mphepo yowomba—kungagwiritsiridwe ntchito m’malo onga maofesi.b Ku Japan, ayamba kugulitsa zoimbira za piyano zopanda phokoso. M’malo mwakuti mtimbo wake uombe pa chingwe, umayambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi imene imatulutsa chiunda cha mawu chimene chimamvekera mu earphone imene woseŵerayo amavala m’makutu.

Asayansi awononga kale maola ambirimbiri kuyesa kupanga chiŵiya chofafanizira phokoso. Kwenikweni, zimenezi zimakhala mwa kugwiritsira ntchito chiŵiya china chotulutsa phokoso limene lingafafanize phokoso linzake. Zimenezi zikaphatikizapo chipangizo china ndi kufuna ndalama zambiri ndiponso sichimachotsa chopangitsa phokosolo. Magazini yakuti U.S.News & World Report, inanena kuti: “Ngati anthu sangathe kungonyalanyaza phokoso mmene amanyalanyazira zinyalala, njira yokha yopezera bata la kanthaŵi ingakhale mwa chiŵiya chofafaniza phokoso.” Mwina zingakhaledi choncho. Koma kodi bata ndilo njira yothetsera kusokosera kwa phokoso?

Kodi pali chiyembekezo chilichonse chakuti panyumba panu ndi kudera kwanuko kudzakhala mtendere ndi bata lenileni? Nkhani yathu yotsatira ikupereka chiyembekezo chenicheni.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 26]

Mmene Mungapeŵere Kusokosera Anansi Anu ndi Phokoso

● Ganizirani anansi anu pamene muchita chilichonse chopanga phokoso, ndipo adziŵitseni pasadakhale.

● Labadirani pamene mnansi wanu akupemphani kuchepetsa phokoso.

● Zindikirani kuti chisangalalo chanu sichiyenera kusautsa anansi anu.

● Kumbukirani kuti phokoso limayenda msanga kudzera m’makoma ndi pansi.

● Khazikani zipangizo za m’nyumba zopanga phokoso pa chiguduli kapena chinachake.

● Tsimikizirani kuti wina alipo amene angadzazimitse alamu ya m’nyumba kapena ya m’galimoto imene ingalizidwe mwangozi.

● Musagwire ntchito zopokosera kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zapanyumba zaphokoso usiku.

● Musamaimbe nyimbo pawailesi pamlingo umene umasokosera anansi anu.

● Musasiye agalu ali okha kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

● Musalole ana kujidimajidima m’nyumba akumasokosera aja okhala m’nyumba yapansi.

● Musalize hutala ya galimoto usiku, kumenyetsa zitseko, kapena kuliza injini usiku.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 27]

Phokoso ndi Inu

“Phokoso ndilo chinthu changozi kopambana m’maindasitale ku Britain lerolino,” inatero magazini ya The Times, “ndipo chotsatira kaŵirikaŵiri chimakhala kugontha.” Kufufuza umoyo wa m’malo antchito kwasonyeza kuti phokoso lopitirira pa 85 decibel lingavulaze mwana wa m’mimba. Makutu a khandalo amawonongeka, ndipo mahomoni ake angasokonekere, komanso angabadwe wopunduka.

Kukhala pafupi ndi phokoso lalikulu kumachititsa mitsempha ya mwazi kufinyika ndi kuchepetsa mwazi woyenda m’ziŵalo za thupi lanu. Ndiyeno, thupi lanu limakakamizika kutulutsa mahomoni amene amakweza liŵiro la mwazi ndi la kugunda kwa mtima wanu, zimene nthaŵi zina zimachititsa kuŵaŵa kwa mtima ngakhalenso befu.

Pamene phokoso lisokoneza zochita zanu, pamakhalanso mavuto ena. Kulephera kugona bwino kungayambukirenso kachitidwe kanu usana. Mwina phokoso silingachedwetse kagwiridwe kanu ka ntchito, koma limapangitsa zolakwa zambiri pantchito.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 29]

Chitetezo ku Ntchito

Ngati mupeza kuti phokoso ku ntchito likukhala vuto kwa inu, yesani kuvala m’makutu.c Zovala m’makutu zotchedwa earmuffs zimavalidwa monga ma headphone ndipo zimathandiza m’malo a phokoso kwambiri. Ubwino wake ngwakuti mukhozabe kumva mawu a wina ndi mabelu ochenjeza, ngakhale kuti nkovuta kuti mudziŵe kumene mawuwo akuchokera. Zotseka m’makutu zotchedwa earplugs ziyenera kukhala za saizi yanu, koma sizabwino ngati mukudwala m’makutu kapena ngati m’makutu mwanu mumakuyabwani.

Kusamala bwino makina kungachepetse phokoso lake. Kukhazika chipangizo pa mpira kumachepetsa phokoso mofanana ndi kutsekera makina aphokoso.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 28]

Kodi mungadziteteze motani ku phokoso m’malo a galimoto zambiri?