European Court Iwongolera Zolakwika

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU GREECE

NTCHITO yausilikali ndi yokakamiza ku Greece. Nthaŵi ina iliyonse, pafupifupi Mboni za Yehova 300 zimakhala m’ndende chifukwa chokana kugwira ntchito yausilikali. Bungwe la Amnesty International limawaona monga okhala akaidi chifukwa cha chikumbumtima chawo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri lakhala likukakamiza boma lililonse loloŵa m’malo ku Greece kuti liwamasule ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo lomwe lingawalole kumagwira ntchito zina zomwe sangamalandire nazo chilango.

Mu 1988, panakhazikitsidwa lamulo latsopano lokhudza ntchito yausilikali. Mwazina, ilo linati “awa ndi omasuka kusagwira ntchito yausilikali ngati afuna: . . . Omwe analembedwa usilikali koma ndi atumiki a zachipembedzo, amonke kapena omwe akuphunzira umonke wa chipembedzo chodziŵika.” Atumiki azachipembedzo a Tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox amawalola mosavuta, sakumana ndi vuto lina lililonse kapena kuwachitira mowalanda ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe. Kodi zimenezo zingachitikenso kwa atumiki a zipembedzo zing’onozing’ono? Mwakuyesa, yankho linapezeka msanga.

Kuponyedwa m’Ndende Mophwanya Lamulo

Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, chakumapeto kwa 1989 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 1990, Dimitrios Tsirlis ndi Timotheos Kouloumbas, atumiki osankhidwa ndi mpingo wachikristu wa Mboni za Yehova wa Central Congregation ku Greece, analembera makalata aliyense ku ofesi omwe ankafunika kukalembedwako usilikali kupempha kuti awalole kusalembedwa usilikali. Anaperekanso limodzi ndi makalata ena otsimikizira kuti anali atumiki achipembedzo. Monga momwe ankayembekezera, mapempho awo anakanidwa pa chifukwa chonamizira chakuti Mboni za Yehova si “chipembedzo chodziŵika.”

Mbale Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas anapita yense kumalo amene anayenera kuphunzirirako usilikali ndipo anamangidwa, naimbidwa mlandu woti ndi amwano, nkuwatsekera m’ndende. Panthaŵi ino, General Headquarters for National Defense inakana kuti achite apilo pa zonena za maofesi olemba usilikaliwo. Akuluakulu a asilikali anatulutsa mfundo yakuti likulu la tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox lotchedwa Holy Synod linali litawauza kuti mpingo wa Mboni za Yehova si chipembedzo chodziŵika! Izi zinali zotsutsana ndi zimene makhoti ambiri ang’onoang’ono anagamula kuti chipembedzo cha Mboni za Yehova nachonso nchodziŵika.

Kenaka makhoti a asilikaliwo anaimba Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas mlandu wakuti ndi amwano ndipo anawaweruza kukhala m’ndende zaka zinayi. Abale aŵiriwo anachita apilo chiweruzochi ku khoti la Military Appeal Court, limene linasintha katatu tsiku lozenganso mlanduwo pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, nthaŵi yonseyi, linkakana kuwatulutsa kaye m’ndende kwakanthaŵi, ngakhale kuti malamulo a ku Greece amalola zimenezo.

Panthaŵiyi nkuti pankhani ina, khoti la Supreme Administrative Court litatsutsa chigamulo cha General Headquarters for National Defense, pa chifukwa chakuti Mboni za Yehova nachonso ndi chipembedzo chodziŵika.

Pa miyezi 15 imene Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas anali kukhala m’ndende ya Avlona Military Prison, anali kukhala osati monga anthu ndipo anali kuwazunza pamodzi ndi Mboni zina zomwe zinali m’ndendeyo. Lipoti la panthaŵiyo linkanena za “mikhalidwe yauve wa m’ndende mmene [akaidi omwe ndi Mboni za Yehova] ankakhala, ndipo linkanena za chakudya chomwe kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo zake zinali nyama yowola ndi michira ya mbeŵa, kuchepetsa nthaŵi yodzacheza malinga ndi mmene Akuluakulu a ku ofesi afunira panthaŵi iliyonse, kuchepa kwa malo chifukwa cha kuthinana kwa akaidi m’ndende ndi kuwazunza kwambiri akaidi okana usilikali chifukwa cha chikumbumtima chawo.”

Potsiriza, Military Appeal Court inamasula Mbale Tsirlis ndi Mbale Kouloumbas komabe panthaŵi yomweyo inalamula kuti sichinali choyenera kuti Boma liwalipire chifukwa chokhala m’ndende poti “kukhala kwawo m’ndendeko chinali chifukwa cha kusasamala kwawo.” Izi zinabutsa mafunso amphamvu pakati pa a zamalamulo: Ndani kwenikweni anali wosasamala? Mbonizo kapena khoti la asilikalilo?

Abalewo anatulutsidwa m’ndende nthaŵi yomweyo ndipo potsiriza anawalola kusagwira ntchito m’gulu la asilikali chifukwa chakuti anali atumiki a chipembedzo. Atamasulidwa, Amnesty International inalengeza kuti inakondwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa Dimitrios Tsirlis ndi Timotheos Kouloumbas ndipo inati inali nchidaliro kuti mtsogolo atumiki a Mboni za Yehova adzaloledwa kusagwira ntchito yausilikali malinga ndi malamulo a ku Greece. Komabe, posapita nthaŵi zimenezi zinanyalanyazidwa.

Kumangidwa Kaŵirikaŵiri

Mtumiki wina wosankhidwa wa Mboni za Yehova anakumana ndi mavuto osiyanako pang’ono pa chifukwa chimodzi chomwecho. Pa September 11, 1991, Anastasios Georgiadis anapempha mofananamo kuti amlole kusagwira ntchito yausilikali. Masiku asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pake, ofesi yolemba usilikali inamuuza kuti pempho lake lakanidwa, kachiŵirinso chifukwa chakuti Holy Synod ya Tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox sivomereza kuti Mboni za Yehova ndi chipembedzo chodziŵika. Ndipo anatero mosasamala kanthu za chiweruzo chomveka bwino cha Supreme Administrative Court pa mlandu wa Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas!

Yankho m’kalata yochokera ku General Headquarters for National Defense linati: “Akuluakulu athu a ku ofesi akana pempho la [Georgiadis], atero malinga ndi ganizo lanzeru loperekedwa ndi Holy Synod ya Tchalitchi cha ku Greece, chomwe sichiŵerengera Mboni za Yehova monga chipembedzo chodziŵika.”—kanyenye ngwathu.

Georgiadis anapita ku kampu yophunzitsira usilikali ya Nafplion Training Camp pa January 20 ndipo nthaŵi yomweyo anaikidwa m’ndende yoperekera mwambo pa kampuyo. Pambuyo pake anamsamutsira ku ndende yotchedwa Avlona Military Prison.

Pa March 16, 1992, Military Court of Athens inammasula Georgiadis. Iyi inali nthaŵi yoyamba pamene khoti la asilikali ku Greece linavomereza kuti Mboni za Yehova ndi chipembedzo chodziŵika. Mkulu wa Avlona Military Prison anammasula Georgiadis nthaŵi yomweyo koma anamlamula kuti adzabwere pa April 4 kudzayamba ntchito pa kampu yolembera asilikali ku Nafplion. Patsikuli, Georgiadis kachiŵirinso anakana kulembedwa ndipo anamuimba mlandu wakuti ndi wamwano, ndi kumtsekera m’ndende kachiŵiri, kuti akazengedwe mlandu.

Pa May 8, 1992, Military Court of Athens inammasula pamlandu wophwanya malamulo watsopanowu koma inasankha kuti isampatse ndalama chifukwa cha kutsekeredwa kwake m’ndende. Georgiadis anammasula nthaŵi yomweyo ku Avlona Military Prison koma anamlamula kuti akapite kukayamba ntchito kumalo olembera asilikali ku Nafplion nthaŵi yachitatu, pa May 22, 1992! Iye anakananso kulembetsa usilikali ndipo kachitatu anaimbidwanso mlandu wakuti ndi wamwano ndipo anamtsekera m’ndende.

Pa July 7, 1992, Supreme Administrative Court inatsutsa chiweruzo cha pa September, 1991, pa chifukwa chakuti Mboni za Yehova ndithudi ndi chipembedzo chodziŵika. Pa July 27, 1992, Georgiadis anamasulidwa ku Thessalonica Military Prison. Pa September 10, 1992, Military Court of Thessalonica inamtulutsa m’ndende koma inati Georgiadis sanali woyenera kulandira malipiro chifukwa chakuti kumangidwa kwake ‘kunali kamba ka kusasamala kwake.’

Kutsutsa M’malo Osiyanasiyana

Pothirirapo ndemanga pa mlandu wa Georgiadis, nyumba ya malamulo ya European Parliament inati: “Uku ndiko kusiyanitsa molakwira atumiki achipembedzo a Mboni za Yehova popeza kuti onse ayenera kukhala ofanana mwalamulo, ndi kuti onse ayenera kuchitiridwa mofanana.”

Mu February 1992 Amnesty International inati “ikukhulupirira kuti [Anastasios Georgiadis] anaponyedwa m’ndende chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu a asilikali amachita zinthu mokondera nkumada Mboni za Yehova ndipo inati pafunika kuti amasulidwe mwamsanga pakuti ndi kaidi chifukwa cha chikumbumtima chake.”

Ngakhale woweruza wachisilikali yemwe anazengapo mlandu umodzi wa Georgiadis anakakamizika kunena kuti: “Kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa anthu kumaoneka ndi mmene umachitira pazochitika zina zokhudza nzika zake. Ngati ife kuno ku Greece tifuna kuti kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe chathu kukhale kogwirizana ndi mmene zifunikira mu Ulaya, ngati tifuna kupita patsogolodi, tifunikira kugwirizana ndi malamulo a maiko osiyanasiyana ndi kusiya kukondera. Mbali imene zimenezi zimaonekera kwambiri ndiyo kulemekeza ufulu wachibadwidwe wa nzika iliyonse. Komabe, zomwe zimachitikadi, ndi machitidwe a boma zimasonyeza poyera kukondera ndi kusalolera zipembedzo zing’onozing’ono. Mlandu tikukambawu si woyenera.”

Ian White, membala wa nyumba ya malamulo ya European Parliament, wa ku Bristol, England, analemba kuti: “Mawu akuti Mboni za Yehova ‘si chipembedzo chodziŵika’ akhoza kuseketsa anthu ambiri m’Chigawo chino. Ndithudi, ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero chawo nchocheperapo, Mboni nzodziŵika bwino m’Dziko lino ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimafika pakhomo lililonse.” Pali Mboni zoposa 26,000 zomwe zimalalikira m’Greece, sizingatheke kukhala ‘chipembedzo chosadziŵika’!

Gulu la mamembala khumi a European Parliament posonyeza kusakondwa kwawo ndi mlandu wa Georgiadis, linalemba kuti linali “lodabwa kwambiri ndipo lokhumudwa” chifukwa cha kulanda ufulu wachibadwidwe kochitika m’Greece.

Kuchita Apilo ku European Court of Human Rights

Atamasulidwa ndi kutulutsidwa m’ndende, onse atatuwo omwe anavutika chifukwa cha tsankho la chipembedzoli anaona kuti kunali koyenera kuchita apilo ku European Court of Human Rights. Anachita apiloyi chifukwa kumangidwa kwawoko kunali kopanda lamulo, ndipo pakokha kunasonyeza kusoŵeka kwa chilungamo, ndiponso chifukwa cha kuzunzika maganizo ndi kumenyedwa kwawo, kuphatikizaponso zina zomwe zinasokonezeka zokhudza chikhalidwe malinga ndi kumanidwa kwawo ufulu mobwerezabwereza kwa nthaŵi yaitali choncho. Pazifukwa zimenezi mwalamulo ankafunikira kulipidwa moyenerera.

Mamembala a bungwe la European Commission of Human Rights onse anavomereza kuti pamlandu wa Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas, ufulu wawo wochita chimene afuna ndiponso kutetezeredwa monga nzika zinaphwanyidwa, kuti kunali kuphwanya malamulo kuwatsekera m’ndende, ndi kuti ayenera kulipidwa, ndipo kuti mlandu wawo sunazengedwe mwachilungamo. Bungwelo linagamulanso chimodzimodzi pa mlandu wa Georgiadis.

Chisalungamo Chithetsedwa

Kunakonzedwa kuti adzamve nkhaniyo pa January 21, 1997. Munali anthu ambiri m’khotimo, kuphatikizapo ophunzira a payunivesite ya komweko, atolankhani, ndiponso kagulu ka Mboni za Yehova za ku Greece, Germany, Belgium, ndi France.

Loya woimira Mbonizo, a Panos Bitsaxis ananena za “kuumirira kosalekeza ndi khalidwe la aulamuliro a ku Greece losafuna kuvomereza kukhalapo kwa chipembedzo chimodzi chaching’ono,” chotchedwa Mboni za Yehova. Anadzudzula zochita za akuluakulu a boma la Greece pomasankha zoti achite ndi Mboni mogwiritsira ntchito malingaliro a gulu losiyana nalo maganizo kwambiri—Tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox! Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Kodi tidzalolera zimenezi mpaka pati? . . . Ndipo mpaka liti?” Ananena za “kukana kuvomereza magulu ena achipembedzo, kukana kumene kumaoneka kopusa pamene muona kuti kukuchitika mwachindunji, mwaukali, ndiponso mosalingalira, motsutsana ndi malamulo, motsutsana ndi ziweruzo zambirimbiri za khoti la Supreme Administrative Court.”

Nthumwi ya boma la Greece inavomereza za khalidwe lokondera la akuluakulu a boma la Greece mwa kunena kuti: “Tisaiŵale kuti anthu onse a m’Greece anali m’Tchalitchi cha Orthodox kwazaka mazana. Chimodzi cha zotsatira zake nchakuti kachitidwe ka zinthu ka Tchalitchicho ndi udindo wa atumiki ake ndi ntchito yawo m’Tchalitchimo zimadziŵika bwino. . . . Udindo wa atumiki a Tchalitchi cha Mboni za Yehova sudziŵika bwino.” Uku nkuvomereza kwakukulu chotani nanga kwa machitidwe a kuda zipembedzo zing’onozing’ono m’Greece!

Ufulu wa Chipembedzo Ulimbikitsidwa

Chiweruzo chinaperekedwa pa May 29. Pulezidenti wa Bwalolo, a Rolv Ryssdal, anaŵerenga chiweruzocho. Khoti, lomwe linali ndi oweruza asanu ndi anayi, onse anavomereza kuti Greece anaphwanya lamulo nambala 5 ndi 6 la European Convention. Linaperekanso ndalama kwa odandaulawo zokwana $72,000 pamodzi kuwalipira. Chosangalatsa kwambiri nchakuti chiweruzocho chinali ndi mfundo zambiri zolimbikitsa ufulu wa chipembedzo.

Khotilo linaona kuti “akuluakulu a asilikali ananyalanyaza mwachipongwe” mfundo yakuti Mboni za Yehova zimadziŵika monga “chipembedzo chodziŵika bwino” m’Greece malinga ndi kuweruza kwa khoti la Supreme Administrative Court. Linapitiriza kuthirira ndemanga kuti: “Kukana moumirira kwa akuluakulu kuvomereza Mboni za Yehova monga ‘chipembedzo chodziŵika’ ndiponso kunyalanyaza ufulu wa odandaulawo wochita zomwe afuna kunali kukondera poyerekeza ndi mmene atumiki a Tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox amawalolezera.”

Nkhaniyi inafalitsidwa kwambiri ndi ofalitsa nkhani a ku Greece. Athens News inati: ‘Khoti la ku Ulaya likhaulitsa Greece pa chidandaulo cha Yehova’. Chiweruzo pa mlandu wa Tsirlis ndi Kouloumbas ndi Georgiadis wotsutsana ndi Greece chikupereka chiyembekezo chakuti Dziko la Greece liyamba kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi chiweruzo cha European Court, motero Mboni za Yehova mu Greece zitha kukhala ndi ufulu wachipembedzo popanda boma, asilikali, kapena tchalitchi kuloŵererapo. Kuwonjezera apo, ichi nchiweruzo chinanso choperekedwa ndi European Court motsutsa a zachilungamo ku Greece pankhani zokhudza ufulu wa chipembedzo.a

Mboni za Yehova zimasangalala ndi ufulu wawo, ndipo zimayesetsa kuugwiritsira ntchito kutumikira Mulungu ndi kuthandiza anansi awo. Mboni zitatuzo, zomwe ndi atumiki a zaumulungu zinapititsa mlandu wawo ku European Court of Human Rights, osati kuti apeze chuma, koma kuti pakhale khalidwe labwino ndi mwambo. Motero, onse atatuwo aganiza kuti ndalama zomwe anapatsidwazo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yophunzitsa ya Mboni za Yehova.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 29]

Esther ndi Dimitrios Tsirlis

[Chithunzi patsamba 30]

Timotheos ndi Nafsika Kouloumbas

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

Anastasios ndi Koula Georgiadis